1、社会学专业词汇中文名词英文翻译实证主义positivism /positivist动力学 the dyanamics静力学 the statics分工 the work-division神学 the theology形而上学 the metaphysics进化论the evolution-theory唯名论 the nominalism唯实论 the realism官僚制度bureaucratic system结构主义 the structuralism唯物主义the materialism辩证法Dialectic唯心主义 the idealism生产关系 productionrelation
2、s剩余价值 Increase-value剩余劳动Overtime失调因素maladjustive factors社区 community社会福利the socially-welfare社会化 the socialization社会控制the social-control社会参与 thesocially-participation社会工作 the social work残疾人handicapped社会救助the socially-welfare问卷 thequestionnaire独生子女the singles-children现代化modernization/aggiornamento 基本方
3、针the baselines行为准则Behavioral-omens矛盾contravention时代背景the time-background工业化 industrialization民主化 democratization文明化civilize同质性Homogeneity协调过程 the coordination-process血缘的related by blood整合的 integrated异质性Heterogenitaet社会阶级 social layer class自然科学 natural/physical science抽象科学 abstract science社会秩序 social
4、 order社会有机论 socialorganism-theory资本主义 capitalism使收入极大化 make the incomemore profitable社会冲突理论 social conflicttheory操作化 operationalize实证分析 empiricalanalysis有限理性 boundedrationality经济人的利己主义倾向 self-interest orientation ofeconomic actors 交互分类 cross-classify维度dimension内部劳动力市场internal labor market隐性契约 implic
5、it contracts社会网络 social network家族企业 household enterprise固定成本 fixed cost合资企业 joint-stock company中产阶级 bourgeois组织文化 organizationalculture一般规律 a rule of thumb社会研究social research符号互动论symbolic interactionism同化assimilation行动理论Action theory表意性活动Activity expressive工具性活动Activity instrumental工作调适Adjustment wo
6、rk疏离Alienation同化Assimilation权威Authority科层权威Authority bureaucratic感召权威Authority charismatic双重权威Authority dual患病行为Behavior illness角色行为Behavior role偏见Bias资产阶级Bourgeoisie科层制度Bureaucracy资本家Capitalist变迁推动者/ 变媒Change agent传意途径Channel communication感召力Charisma文化间距Cultural lag文化震惊Cultural shock文化Culture文化模式Cu
7、lture patterns文化特质Culture traits主流文化Culture mainstream达尔文Darwin非个人化Depersonalization偏差Deviance初级偏差Deviance primary次级偏差Deviance secondary偏差者Deviant偏差行为Deviant behavior偏差社会地位Deviant social status选择医生行为Doctor - shopping behaviour 涂尔干Durkheim家庭Family平等（平权）家庭Family equalitarian扩展式家庭Family extended寄养家庭Fam
8、ily foster母权家庭Family matriarchal核心家庭Family nuclear父权家庭Family patriarchal单亲家庭Family single-parent传统式家庭Family traditional民间医药Folk medicine社会动力Force social初级收获Gain primary次级收获Gain secondary帮派Gang性相Gender代沟Generation gap群体Group内群体Group in外群体Group out朋辈群体Group peer初级（直接）群体Group primary种族与民族群体Group race a
9、nd ethnic参照群体Group reference次级（间接）群体Group secondary他群体Group they-我群体Group we-意识型态Ideology工业化Industrialization规范（制度）化Institutionalization内化Internalization少年罪行Juvenile delinquency标签理论Labelling theory认可权力Legitimate power宏观社会学Macro-sociology马克斯Marx医疗社会学Medical sociology微观社会学Micro-sociology现代化Modernizati
10、on一夫一妻制Monogamy民德Mores协商秩序Negotiated order非工作取向Non-task oriented规范Norms强制性组织Organization coercive正式组织Organization formal志愿性组织Organization voluntary典范/ 范例Paradigm父（男）权社会Patriarchal society柏拉图Plato现实冲击Reality shock再社会化Resocialization角色Role角色冲突Role conflict角色集合Role set倚赖性的病人角色Role dependant - patient 自
11、我实现预言Self - fulfilling prophecy病者角色Sick role社会变迁Social change社会阶层（级）Social classes社会管制Social control会制度Social institutions社会互动Social interaction社会流动Social mobility社会规范Social norm社会秩序Social order社会组织Social organization社会污名（烙印）Social stigma社会阶层Social stratum社会结构Social structure社会支援网络Social support net
12、work社会（教）化Socialization社会（教）化过程Socialization process社会化的机构（媒介）Socialization agents of 初级社会化Socialization primary次级社会化Socialization secondary地位Status自致（成就）地位Status achieved先赋地位Status ascribed定型效应Stereotyping effect污名/ 烙印Stigma污名化/ 烙印化Stigmatization次文化Subculture演译系统System of interpretation禁忌Taboo价值体系V alue system西化Westernization
