1、上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳 文件编码（GHTU-UITID-GGBKT-POIU-WUUI-8968）上海中考英语各语法点基础考点归纳冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词： by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight 3. 有些词组中加a:
2、 catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk, 二、 专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America， 但是 the United Sates 要加 the 2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall, 3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains三 一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in
3、spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December四、宇宙中独一无二的事物， 序数词， 形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the 1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentiet
4、h, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform 2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an
5、 important letter, an exchange student, an uncle an X-ray photograph, an MBA course, There is _an _”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, ) 介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。last, next, this, that, some, every等词之前一律不用介词 On Christmas Day, on Decembe
6、r 14, 2013, on the morning of December 15,二、地点介词三、短语中固定搭配的介词care for, based on, in ones thirties, concentrate on=focus on , the answer to the question, the key to the door, She is of average height, share with, be responsible for, addto, 四、 方式介词by， with by bus, by train , by e-mail, by express mail,
7、 by credit cardwrite with a pen, say it in English五、表示形容词、副词比较范围的of/ among + 代词，名词或数词， in+ 表示地点或集体的名词John was the first on the list of the famous stars because he was the richest _ them. 代词一、人称代词1.顺序： 单数：二、三、一 复数：一、二、三John sits among _, _ and me.A. Maryyou B. sheyou C. youMary D. youshe2.主格宾格：主格主语，
8、宾格宾语（动词或介词后）The journalist interviewed _. (he, his, him)I show_ around the city. (they, their, them)3. 名词性物主代词The cinema in our neighborhood is old and small, but _ is big and modern.(they, them,. their, theirs)Mum, have you ever seen Dannys sports shoes I want a pair like _. (he)a friend of mine/ h
9、is/ my fathersI _ we_ you_ he_ her_ they_4、反身代词enjoy oneself , help oneself to sth, learnby oneself= teach oneself I made it myself.I _ we_ you_ he_ her_ they_ it_不定代词1.the other, others, another, the othersSome._ One_another + 可数名词的单数固定词组 一个接着一个 _Will you please show me _ oneHave _ try, and youll s
10、ucceed.2.形容词修饰不定代词、形容词后置something necessary3.either_, neither_, both_, all_, none_The report says _ of the two countries in Asia supports the war. After you get off the bus, you can take _ of the two Metro Lines to Zhongshan Park.either side both sides4.few, a few, little, a littleIts unusual for hi
11、m to be so active because he is often a boy of _ words. A. few B. little C. many D. much数词1、two hundred/ thousand, hundreds/thousands of , 前面如果有more than, less than , over, about 等词时，用确切的数据 about/ more than two hundred people2、数字的读法， 百位和十位之间用and 3653、序数词的拼写One_ , two_, three_ Four_, five_, eight_, t
12、welve_, nine_, twenty_, twenty-one_ 5.分数1/2_ 2/3_, 3/ 4_, 3/5_6、百分比 30 percent7、日期表达 February 12，1809two hours and a half =two and a half hours a ten-year-old boy The boy is ten years old.He is over fifty years old. He is in his fifties.Its ten minutes walk. Its a ten-minute walk.名词1. 变复数potato_ tom
13、ato_ hero_ Negro_ photo_(两人两菜加s, 其他加es)boy_ toy_, dictionary_, (只有辅音+y 结尾变y为ies)beach_(s, x, ch, sh,结尾的名词复数+es)life, thief ,leaf, knife(fe, f结尾的名词， 把f, fe变为ves)2. 可数名词与不可数名词many children much informationa few books a little timesome boys some timea couple of days a basket of fruit修饰可数名词的： few, a few
14、, many, a large number of, a couple of修饰不可数名词的: little, a little, much, a great deal of, huge amounts of 既修饰可数名词的，又可以修饰可数名词的： plenty of , a lot of/ lots of , some3. 名词所有格my fathers friend= a friend of my fathers， the teachers office， the Childrens Palace形容词/ 副词1、形容词的用法：1）系动词后做表语 The comedy is very f
15、unny2）在名词前作定语 Its a funny comedy3）修饰不定代词在不定代词之后 There is something wrong with my watch.4）在宾语之后作宾语补足语 The good news made Bobs mother excited. Youd better keep the window open.2、副词的用法：1）修饰行为动词 He drives carefully.2）修饰形容词 The food is quite delicious.3）修饰整个句子 Luckily, he still got the first prize3、much,
16、 far, a little, a bit, a lot, even等词修饰形容词比较级The Bund looks much _ at night. (pretty)He looks a little _(happy) 4. 既是形容词又是副词的：early ,fast, hard, high , late 5、asas not as/ soas句型中间用形容词或者副词的原级， 所以可以先排除比较级和最高级，选副词还是形容词，看是否修饰行为动词The driver drove as _ as usual.A. most carefully B. more carefulC. careful
17、D. carefully6、一些特殊句型The 比较级 主语+谓语， the 比较级 主语+谓语，The earlier, the betterthe fastest in our class， one of the longest rivers， the second longest river， better and better 疑问词How far (ten minutes walk)How soon (in ten minutes)How fast (a mile in ten minutes)How long (for ten minutes)How often (twice a
18、day)How many (two)How much (two yuan/two kilos)1. He went to the hospital to have a checkup on eyesight. (99) _ _ he go to the hospital2. We have a class meeting once a week. (00) _ _ did the American spacecraft Galileo travel and work in space3. This sign means cars and buses mustnt turn right here
19、. (04) _ _ this sign mean 4. London held the first World Expo in 1851. (05) _ did London _ the first World Expo5. The students projects will be on show in three days. (06) _ _ will the students projects be on show动词连系动词:1.be 动词 2.感官动词：feel(feel-felt-felt), smell(smell-smelt-smelt), taste, sound, loo
20、k3.表示变化的: become-became-become, get-got-got, grow-grew-grown, turn 4. 表示保持的：keep, stay, remain 5. 似乎是seem情态动词:May I watch TV No, you mustnt/ may not/ cant.Must I do the work No, you neednt.may be 可能是 must be 一定是 cant be 不可能是You neednt help him.= You dont need to help him.1. We _ keep the new traffic
21、 law and learn how to protect ourselves. (04) A) may B) should C) can D) need2. A: _ I fill in the check-in form right now, sir B: No, you neednt. You can complete it this afternoon. (05) A) May B) Can C) Would D) Must3. My mother _ make rice dumplings. Shell teach me how to do it. (06) A) must B) n
22、eed C) should D) can使役动词：make, let, have sb. do sth.动词的时态和语态:一般现在时 主语+do/ does1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often , always, usually ,sometimes, everyday 等时间状语连用；2、表示客观事实或普遍真理；The sun rises in the east.3、由when, before, after, if, unless, as soon as 引导的从句，主句用将来时从句用一般现在时I will tell him as soon as he comes b
23、ack.一般过去时 主语+did1、常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last week, three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in the past 2、过去习惯性动作 used to do 一般将来时 will/ shall do1、shall, will + 动词原型构成一般将来时；2、am (is , are) going to + 动词原型，表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要发生的事情；there is going to be 3、表示“去向”的动词，可以用进行时表示将来时 come, go, arrive, leave,
24、leave forIm leaving for Beijing the day after tomorrow.现在进行时 am/ is/ are + doing 常用时间状语now, at present , for the time being, look, listen, be carefulLook, Janes grandma _ with some aged people.A. dances B. danced C. is dancing D. was dancing 过去进行时 was/ were + doing常用时间状语 at that moment, this time ye
25、sterday, at six yesterday morning, from two to three yesterday afternoon. 也常用于when 和while引导的时间状语从句When I was having dinner with my family last night, the telephone rang.现在完成时 have/ has + done1.常用的时间状语和副词: never, ever, already, yet, just, recently, so far, up to now, in the past 10 years.2. already &
26、 yetI have already read the book, (改否定句)I _ read the book _.3. since&forI have learned English since 2004 (对划线部分提问)I have learned English for 10 years （同上）4. 延续性动词和瞬间动词_ this book for a week.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. buy现在完成时 had + done1.表示过去的过去， 常用的时间状语：by the end of last year, before
27、 I entered the school2. 用于主句为一般过去时的宾语从句中He told me that he had been to China twice.被动语态：1.构成：be+及物动词的过去分词p.p2. 时态的变化主要体现在be 的变化一般现在时 am/ is/ are+p.p, 一般过去时was/were+ p.p现在完成时 has/ have been +p.p 一般将来时will be +p.p情态动词 should/ may/ must/ can/ could + be+ p. p 3. 先划出句子的谓语部分写出动词原形判断时态注意主语的单复数Jane wrote s
28、everal articles about memory last month.Several articles about memory _ _ by Jane last month.1.wrote2. writewrotewritten3. was/ were written4. 主语是several articles , 因此是were written非谓语动词1动词不定式1. 主语 To be a teacher is my dream2. 宾语 I want to buy a new bike3. 表语 My father s job is to make sick people b
29、etter.4. 定语 We have got a new project to do5. 宾语补足语 Our headmaster asked us to work hard6. 动词不定式作形式主语 It is difficult to learn English well7. 动词不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：ask, want, tell, agree, advise, decide, plan, promise, refuse, hope, fail8. 宾语从句改成简单句I dont know what I can do nextI dont know _ _ do next.9. 有些动词后作宾补省略to一感feel， 二听listen to, hear， 三让make, let, have， 四看see, watch, notice, observe非谓语动词2动名词1. 主语 Smoking isnt allowed in public places2. 宾语 Tom enjoys traveling around the world.3. 表语 My hobby is collecting stamps4. 动名词作宾语的动词 enjoy, finish
