1、At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose und
2、er the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. （186） If a quotation ending a sentence requires a parenthetical reference, place the sentence period after the reference.e） If you need to quote two or more p
3、aragraphs, indent the first line of each paragraph an additional quarter inch （three spaces in typing）. If the first sentence quoted does not begin a paragraph in the source, do not indent it the additional amount. Indent only the first lines of the successive paragraphs.In Moll Flanders Defoe maint
4、ains the pseudo-autobiographical narration typical of the picaresque tradition:My true name is so well known in the records, or registers, at Newgate and in the old Bailey, and there are some things of such consequence still depending there relating to my particular conduct, that it is not to be exp
5、ected I should set my name or the account of my family to this work .It is enough to tell you, that some of my worst comrades, who are out of the way of doing me harm know me by the name of Moll Flanders . （1）2. Poetrya） If you quote part or all of a single line of verse that does not require specia
6、l emphasis, put it in quotation marks within your text. You may also incorporate two or three lines in this way, using a slash with a space on each side to separate them.Bradstreet frames the poem with a sense of mortality: “All things within this fading world hath end” （1）.Reflecting on the “incide
7、nt” in Baltimore, Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there / Thats all that I remember” （11-12）.b） Verse quotations of more than three lines should begin on a new line. Unless the quotation involves unusual spacing, indent each line one inch （ten spaces on a typewriter） from the left
8、 margin, adding no quotation marks that do not appear in the original.Elizabeth Bishops “In the Waiting Room” is rich in evocative detail: It was winter. It got darkearly. The waiting roomwas full of grown-up people,articles and overcoats,lamps and magazines. （6-10）3. Dramaa） If you quote dialogue b
9、etween two or more characters in a play, set the quotation off from your text. Begin each part of the dialogue with the appropriate characters name indented one inch （or ten spaces if you are using a typewriter） from the left margin and written in all capital letters: HAMLET.Marguerite Durass screen
10、play for Hiroshima mon amour suggests at the outset the profound difference between observation and experience: HE. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. Nothing.SHE. I saw everything. Everything. The hospital, for instance, I saw it. Im sure I did. There is a hospital in Hiroshima. How could I help seeing
11、it?HE. You did not see the hospital in Hiroshima. You saw nothing in Hiroshima. （2505-06） 4. Ellipsisa） Whenever you wish to omit a word, a phrase, a sentence, or more from a quoted passage, you should be guided by two principles: fairness to the author quoted and the grammatical integrity of your w
12、riting. If you quote only a word or a phrase, it will be obvious that you left out some of the original sentence.b） If an omitted quotation forms a complete sentence, use ellipsis periods in square brackets to show that its not the original. In surveying various responses to plagues in the Middle Ag
13、es, Barbara W. Tuchman writes, “Medical thinking stressed air as the communicator of disease, ignoring sanitation or visible carriers” （101-02）.5. Other Alterations of Sourcesa） You may decide to provide supplementary information to make a quotation more understandable or clear. Put your explanation
14、 in parenthesis if it comes after the quotation or in square brackets if it comes within the quotation.Lincoln specifically advocated a government “for the people” （emphasis added）.Miltons Satan speaks of his “study pursuit of revenge.”6. Translation of quotationsa） If necessary, for your quotation
15、in languages other than English provide translation, which, usually put between double quotation marks within parenthesis, follows the quotation immediately.Chaucers setting is April, the time of “shoures soote” （“sweet showers”; GP 1）.Chapter 2 Documentation: Citing Sources in the Text For the sake
16、 of intellectual property protection, the source of your quotation must be supplied in the list of works cited at the end of your research paper and as well the authors last name and a page reference within parenthesis usually follow a quotation for the acknowledgement of the citation.1. The informa
17、tion in your parenthetical references in the text must match the corresponding information in the entries in your list of works cited.2. Authors name in/not in textTannen has argued this point （178-85）.This point has already been argued （Tannen 178-85）.3. More than one author with the same surname,
18、add the first initial; if the initial is shared too, the full first name.（A. Patterson 183-85）, （L. Patterson 230）; （Alice Patterson 183-85）, （Albert Patterson 150-56）.4. If a work has two or more authors, give the first authors last name followed by et al., or all the last names.（Rabkin et al. 137）
19、; （Rabkin, Greenberg, and Olander 137）5. If a corporate author begins the entry, we may use the authors name in full or its shortened form followed by a page reference.（Public Agenda Foundation 4）; （PAF. 4）6. If the work is listed by title, use the title shortened or in full.（The Bible 15）7. If the
20、list contains more than one work by the same author, add the cited title, shortened or in full, after the authors last name.（Frye, Anatomy 237）8. If you cite from more than one volume of a multivolume work, give the volume as well as the authors last name and page number.（Schlesinger, Vol. 4, 3978）9
21、. You may omit page numbers when citing complete works.（Hardy）10. If you cite from non-print works such as films, television programs, recording and electronic sources, you cite them in their entirety and often by title.In fresco painting, “the pigments are completely fused with a damp plaster groun
22、d to become an integral part of the wall surface” （“Fresco”）. （an essay online）William J. Mitchells City of Bits discusses architecture and urban life in the context of the digital telecommunications revolution.11. If you cite from a second-hand source, put the abbreviation “qtd. in” before the indi
23、rect source in your parenthetical reference.（qtd. in Boswell 450）Chapter 3 Documentation: Preparing the List of Works Cited The list of works cited appears at the end of the paper. Begin the list on a new page and number each page, continuing the page numbers of the text. Center the titleWorks Cited
24、, an inch from the top of the page. Doublespace between the title and the first entry. Begin each entry flush with the left margin; if an entry runs more than line, indent the subsequent line or lines five spaces from the left margin. In general alphabetize entries in the list of works cited by the
25、authors last name, using the letter-by-letter system. If the authors name is unknown, alphabetize by the title, ignoring any A, An or The. 1. A Book by a Single AuthorWilson, Frank R. The Hand: How Its Use Shapes the Brain, Language, and Human Culture. New York: Parthenon, 1998.2. An Anthology or a
26、CompilationFeldman, Paula R., ed. British Women Poets of the Romantic Era. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 1997.Lopate, Phillip, ed. The Art of the Personal Essay: An Anthology from the Classical Era to the Present. New York: Anchor-Doubleday, 1994.3. Two or More Books by the Same AuthorBorroff, Marrie.
27、 Language and the Past: Verbal Artistry in Frost, Stevens, and Moore. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1979.-, trans. Sir Gawin and the Green Knight. New York: Norton, 1967.-, ed. Wallace Stevens: a Collection of Critical Essays. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice, 1963.Frye, Northrop. Anatomy of Criticism: Four Es
28、says. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1957.-, ed. Design for Learning: Reports Submitted to the Joint Committee of the Toronto Board of Education and the University of Toronto. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1962.-. The Double Vision; Language and Meaning in Religion. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1991.4. A Book by Two or More AuthorsReverse only the name of the first author, add a comma, give the other names in normal form and place a period after the last name; or you may name only the
