1、温州龙文教育 英语 学科导学案（第 次课）教师: 杨倩 学生: 年级: 日期: 星期: 时段: 课 题 语法专题宾语从句 教学目标1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。 教学重点宾语从句用在其它名词性从句里的用法 教学难点注意从句的陈述语序教学方法导入，精讲，练习，总结学习内容与过程宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I know the man.而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the
2、 man is a policeman. 主句 引导词 从句宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1. I know 2. She says 3. Te
3、ll your friend （that）1.This is a book.2.You like singing.3.He worked last night.4.They will go home.5.Jim has been to Beijing.6.She sings well.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good student? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do yo
4、u know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3.The teacher asks if/whether1.Is he reading ?2.Do you get up at six?3.Does Tom work hard?4.Did you watch TV ?5.Will they read books ?6.Can you sing ?注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种
5、情况只能用whether： 与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not. 在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑
6、问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.Where does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?用以下开头与下列句子连成宾语从句:1.Do you know 2.I want to know 3. Can you tell me 1. What is this ?2. What are you doing ?3. Where do you live ?4. When does he get
7、up ?5. How did you go to work?6. Who will you play with?.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式连词语序例句陈述句That不变I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句if/whether改为陈述语序I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词改为陈述语序He asked who was our English teacher.注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：Whats wrong? Whats the
8、matter?Whats happening? eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过
9、去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 特殊情况：1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。 Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. Could you tell me where the bookshop is.2.从句中
10、有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。 The teacher told me she was born in 1960.即学即练子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me. My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will b
11、e a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know. Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma
12、 Chao Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows? Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ a
13、bout.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he still _ in that street. 12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please t
14、ell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _ the watch _ made in Shanghai.单项选择1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.whenB.ifC.whetherD./答案：Dhope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可
15、以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where答案：A从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。3)I cant remember _ I have seen him before.A.whetherB.whyC.whatD.how答案：A本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does
16、Mr.Li liveB.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li livesD.where Mr.Li lived答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the computer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；boughtB.has；boughtC.did；buyD.does；buy答案：Ado you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer g
17、ames so much.A.thatB.whetherC.whyD.where答案：C句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I have no idea.A.how much did she pay forB.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid forD.how much she will pay for答案：C宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010北京中考
18、大纲卷)I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we startedB.when did we startC.when we will startD.when will we start答案：C由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。直接引语变间接引语的转换：（一）如何变人称：口诀：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：She said. “My brother wants to go with me. ”She sa
19、id her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人称所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。如：He said to Kate.“How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then.“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。如：Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good
20、 worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.（二）时态的变化 如果引述动词为现在时态，间接引语的动词可以保持原来的时态。He says, “I have been writing a novel.”- He says that he has been writing a novel. He says:thats all right.- He says thats all right. 如果引述动词为过去时态，间接引语中的时间就要往后推，即现在时间推至过去时间，过去时间推至过去的过去，将来时间推至过去将来时间。具体变化见下表：直接引语时态间接引
21、语时态一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时Can/mayCould/mightShe said:I am a student.- She said (that) she was a student.(一般现在时变成一般过去时)She said：He will go to see his friend-She said he would go to see his friend.( 一般将来时变成过去将来时)Tom said:I am going to play basketball
22、tomorrow. The teacher said, “You are doing OK.” 老师说：“你们干得很不错。”The teacher said we were doing OK. 老师说我们干得很不错。（现在进行时变为过去进行时）She said, “I am reading a book. I asked her, “Where have you spent your holiday?” 我问她：“你去哪里度假了？”I asked her where she had spent her holiday. 我问她去哪里度假了。（现在完成时变为过去完成时）She said, “I
23、went to Shanghai.” 她说：“我去过上海。”She said that she had gone to Shanghai. 她说她去过上海。（过去时变为过去完成时）He said, “I had finished my work before 10 oclock.” 他说：“我在十点钟前就完成工作了。”He said that he had finished his work before 10 oclock. 他说他在十点钟前就完成工作了。（过去完成时不变）注意以下几种情况：时态不变1.直接引语是客观真理。The teacher said, “The earth moves
24、around the sun.- The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said:I was doing chores when Tom came in.-Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came in.3. 直接引语中有具体的过去的某年某月某日，变间接引语时，时态不变。Jack said:I was born on April 21,1980- Jack said he was born on April 21,1980.4. 直接引语是一般
25、现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作时，变间接引语，时态不变。He said:I get up at six every morning.- He said he gets up at six every morning.5.如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式或已经是过去时的形式，不用变。The doctor said ,You should stay in bed for 2 days.- The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.（三）如何变状语。时间状语由“现在”变为“原来”直 接 引 语间 接 引 语now 现在then 那
26、时today 今天that day 那天this evening 今晚that evening 那天晚上yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天yesterday morning 昨天上午the morning before前一天上午last night 昨天晚上the night before 前一天晚上two days ago 两天前two days before 两天前next week 下周the next week/the following week 第二周tomorrow 明天the next day/the following day 第二天the day
27、before yesterday 前天two days before 两天前the day after tomorrow 后天in two days time/two days after 两天后地点状语here变为there “Well leave here tomorrow,” he said. 他说：“我们明天离开这里。”He said that they would leave there the next day.他说他们将在第二天离开那里。指示代词由“此”变为“彼”：this-that, these-thoseHe said:This book is mine.- He said
28、that book was his.动词come变成go（四）如何变换句型1.陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，that可以省略。如：He said,“Im happy.”- He said （that） he was happy.2.一般疑问句，反义疑问句，选择疑问句变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句，翻译成“是否”如：He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?” -He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. 3.特殊疑问句变为由who, what, where, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，宾语从句必须用陈述
