1、版高考英语一轮复习语法专题全辑专题五定语从句讲义牛津译林版专题五 定语从句定语从句的核心考点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。关系代词：
2、who，whom，which，that，whose，as等关系副词：when，where，why等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况
3、的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。The village is no l
4、onger the one that was 5 years ago.(6)当主句是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?7.宜用which而不用that的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从句中。(2)在关系词前有介词时。(3)当先行词本身是that时。(4)关系词后有插入语时。8.关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词。(1)当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。(2)先行词是anyone，those，someone，everyone，one等词时，关系词用who。(3)当主句是who作
5、疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?(4)whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。9.whose作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room，whose window faces the river.10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。(1)先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many(much)中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bou
6、ght are useful.The school is just the same as it was 10 years ago.注意：such.that.引导结果状语从句。如：They are such lovely children that we love them much。the same.that.引导定语从句。如：I want to use the same tool that you used just now.(2)先行词为句子的定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didnt pass th
7、e exam，as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow，which can keep the cold out.As is known，the earth is round.题组训练1用适当的关系代词填空1.The prize will go to the writer whose story shows the most imagination.2.Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt，which is a stupid thing to
8、 do in such weather.3.I have three foreign teachers，two of whom are from Canada.4.She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which had taken more than three years.5.This is the only way that we can find at present.6.The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.11.关系副词w
9、hen与where，why，thatwhen 指时间in/at/on/during whichwhere指地点in/at/from whichwhy指原因for whichthat可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词之后，取代when，where，why和“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰的先行词常为the way，the time，the day，the place等，在口语中that常被省略。I dont like the way (that/in which) he talks.The day (that/when/on which) she arrived was Thursd
10、ay.题组训练2用适当的关系副词填空1.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when the audience can buy ice-cream.2.Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.3.Can you work out a way(that/inwhich)we can solve this problem?4.The days are gone when phys
11、ical strength was all you needed to make a living.5.I didnt know the reason (why) he came late.12.必须注意的问题：(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调句中it无意义，that/who不是引导词。去掉it is/was和that/who后，如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that/which we visited last year.(定语从句)It was in the hote
12、l that we stayed last night.(强调句)(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句的引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语，有时可省略。同位语从句的引导词被叫作连接词，that不充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语从句)We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语从句)(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。(5)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。(6)
13、几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.(句中one为先行词)He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.(句中students为先行词)Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday?Is this the place (that/which) we visited yesterday?He stood at the wind
14、ow，from where he could see what was happening.It may rain，in which case the match will be put off.1.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.(2018江苏，23)A.that B.whereC.which D.when答案B解析句意为：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界上其他国家处在同一起跑线的领域。分析句子结构可知，area作定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，要用whe
15、re引导。that和which为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when是关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。2.She and her family bicycle to work， helps them keep fit.(2018北京，5)A.which B.who C.as D.that答案A解析此处应该选A项，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前面整个主句的内容(她和家人骑自行车上班这件事)，which在从句中作主语。用who引导定语从句时，先行词应该指人；as引导非限制性定语从句时，常位于句首且结构相对固定；that不能引导非限制性定语从句。3.Kate， siste
16、r I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia.(2018天津，2)A.whom B.thatC.whose D.her答案C解析句意为：凯特，在大学时我与她的姐姐同住一个房间，已经去澳大利亚工作了。Kate与sister是所属关系，应用whose引导定语从句。4.My eldest son， work takes him all over the world，is in New York at the moment.(2017天津，9)A.that B.whoseC.his D.who答
17、案B解析句意为：我的长子现在在纽约，他的工作让他全世界到处跑。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词，且与其后的名词有所属关系，故应用whose。5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏，28)A.which B.itsC.whose D.whom答案C解析句意为：联合国在1963年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。本空需要关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the World
18、Food Programme与purposes之间为所属关系，故用whose作purpose的定语，因此选C项。6.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京，31)A.that B.asC.where D.when答案A解析句意为：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明的灵感。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the little problems，且从句中缺少宾语，故用that。as引导定语从句时，多用于the same.as
19、.，such.as.等结构中；where，when引导定语从句时，在从句中分别充当地点和时间状语。7.Many young people，most were well-educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.(2016江苏，23)A.of which B.of themC.of whom D.of those答案C解析考查定语从句。句意为：很多年轻人前往偏远地区去追逐梦想，他们中的大多数人都受过良好的教育。根据句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为many young people，作介词of的宾语，故要用whom。8.
20、We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， the weather may be better.(2016天津，9)A.that B.whereC.which D.when答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。9.It is a truly delightful place， looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets a
21、nd pretty cottages.(2015湖南，29)A.as B.whereC.that D.which答案D解析句意为：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。10.Opposite is St.Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music.(2015北京，24)A.which B.thatC.w
22、hen D.where答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐。 先行词是St.Pauls Church；从句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，用where。故选D。11.Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.(2015浙江，19)A.as B.whoseC.in which D.at which答案C解析考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意为：创造让雇员感受到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一个巨大的挑战。分析句子结
23、构可知， employees feel part of a team是一个定语从句，从句中缺少状语，故用where或“介词which”引导，根据与先行词an atmosphere的搭配可判断介词用in，故选C项。12.The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work.(2015天津，15)A.where B.whichC.when D.who答案A解析考查定语从句引导词。句意为：该公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，这样他的员工就可以在这种氛围中享受工作的
24、乐趣。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为an easy atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，故要用where。13.China Today attracts a worldwide readership， shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.(2015福建，34)A.who B.whomC.that D.which答案D解析考查which引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：中国日报吸引了全世界的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想了解中国。先行词是前面的整个主句，在从句
25、中作主语，用which来引导。14.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill uponschool education depends.(2015安徽，28)A.it B.thatC.whose D.which答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。it不能引导定语从句；that不用于介词之后；whose作定语，其后需有名词；depend on/upon依靠，依赖，介词on被提到了定语从句引导词之前，只能用which来引导，故选D。15.As the smallest child of his f
26、amily，Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.(2015陕西，15)A.which B.whereC.whom D.when答案D解析考查定语从句。句意为：作为家里最小的孩子，亚历克斯总是盼望着他能独立的时候。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the time，在从句中作时间状语，故用when引导。选D。16.The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good
27、impression is a must.(2014江苏，22)A.which B.whenC.as D.where答案D解析本题考查定语从句关系词的用法。句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予了我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。本题先行词为work，可以理解为抽象的地点；而从句部分不缺主语也不缺宾语，因此可以排除关系代词，而选择可以作状语的关系副词where。17.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014安徽，22)A.when B.whereC.why D.which答案D解
28、析考查定语从句。先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语所以选D。18.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014浙江，5)A.when B.whereC.which D.why答案A解析考查定语从句。句意为：直到五年级我才成为一个热衷攀爬的人，当时我爬上树拯救了一个卡在树枝上的风筝。when引导的非限制性定语从句是对先行词the f
29、ifth grade的进一步说明，when在从句中作时间状语。19.I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.(2014北京，26)A.who B.whichC.when D.where答案B解析考查定语从句。此处the book Sherlock Holmes是先行词，指物，关系词在从句中作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句。故选B项。20.English is a language shared by several di
30、verse cultures， uses it differently.(2014天津，12)A.all of which B.each of whichC.all of them D.each of them答案B解析考查定语从句。句意为：英语是一种被几种不同文化共享的语言，每种文化都用不同的方式使用它。前后两个分句间无连词，又由标点符号“逗号”可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，对先行词diverse cultures进行补充说明，再由后面谓语动词uses可知，B项正确。1.Coming-of-age is a ceremony young people wear traditional costumes to mark the transition from youth to adulthood.(2018南京三模，23)A.that B.whatC.as D.where答案D解析句意为：成人礼是一个仪式， 在这个仪式中年轻人穿着传统服饰以纪念从少年到成年的转变。先行词为ceremony，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where来引导定语从句。2.The reason matters most in his failing t
