1、英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保试题有答案和解析【英语】高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)试题(有答案和解析)一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类1犇犇阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. A
2、s increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent. A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, P
3、rofessor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Un
4、der what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended vic
5、tim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in wh
6、ich the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans. This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral
7、status to the robot, says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended functionto be of help to us.（1）What has become a concern about robots? A.How to humanize them.B.How to treat
8、them in life.C.How to use them effectively.D.How to find more applications.（2）In the study the participants probably have to decide _. A.when to sacrifice a robotB.where to experience risksC.which robot to work withD.what robots should be like（3）What can be inferred from Paulus words? A.Humanized ro
9、bots offer less help to people.B.Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C.Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D.Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.Robots, A Must for FutureB.Humanized Robots, A New Tren
10、dC.Robot Saved, People Take the HitD.Humanized Robots, Replace Human【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，它们承担越来越多样化的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待他们，如何对待他们的问题变的迫在眉睫。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of
11、specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.”可知，随着越来越多的机器装备了最新的人工智能，承担着越来越多的专业和日常任务，人们如何看待它们以及如何对待它们的问题变得越来越紧迫。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what cir
12、cumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?可知，在这项研究中，参与者可能必须决定何时牺牲机器人。故选A。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot, says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robo
13、ts should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended functionto be of help to us.可知，Paulus认为让机器人人性化的尝试不应该走得太远，可以推断出，Paulus认为过多地人性化机器人可能是不合适的。故选B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第四段中的“The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice
14、 it.”及全文内容可知，文章主要叙述了随着越来越多的机器人具有人性化，参与者就可能越不会牺牲机器人。因此标题“机器人被拯救，人类就会承受打击”最切题，故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2犇犇阅读理解 According to a recent study, a new genetically modified rice can prevent infections of HIV, the virus responsible for
15、 the disease AIDS. The study reports the newly-developed rice produces proteins that attach directly to the HIV virus. This process prevents the virus from mixing with human cells. The scientists say it can remove the effect of the virus and block its spreading. The Joint United Nations Program on H
16、IV/AIDS reports that worldwide, nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. The organization says the largest number of those are in developing countries. Nearly two-thirds of HIV cases are in Africa. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treat
17、ments to slow the progression of the disease. The new study predicts the rice-based method will lead to long-term use of the anti-HIV treatment across the developing world. Researchers said the groundbreaking discovery is realistically the only way that anti-HIV combination treatments can be produce
18、d at a cost low enough for the developing world. They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin. The HIV-fighting proteins can then enter the body through the skin. People all over the world could grow the rice and make the crea
19、m themselves. This would prevent the cost and travel required for many patients to receive treatments and medicine. The process of changing the genetic structure of food crops has been debated for some time. Critics of genetically engineered crops believe they can harm people. The scientific team sa
20、ys further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.（1）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A.Stress the urgency of HIV treatments.B.Provide some data about HIV.C.Remind readers of HIV pr
21、evention.D.Introduce HIV to the public.（2）In which way will the rice be used at the lowest cost? A.By transforming it into proteins.B.By adding it to an oral drug.C.By attaching it to the HIV virus.D.By processing it into a cream.（3）What can we infer about the genetic engineering process? A.It can p
22、revent infections of HIV.B.It can produce dangerous chemicals.C.It still requires perfecting.D.It applies to the developed world.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A biology textbook.B.A health magazine.C.A social webpage.D.A first aid brochure.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家培
23、育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。研究人员表示，这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法，但还有待于进一步的完善。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“nearly 37 million people were living with HIV in 2017. Now there is no cure for HIV/AIDS though there have been developments in oral drug treatments to slow the progression of the disease” 可知，“2017年全世
24、界有近3700万人感染艾滋病毒。尽管口服药物治疗已经有了进展减缓了疾病的发展，但现在还没有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。由此可推断出对于艾滋病的治疗迫在眉睫，非常紧迫。分析选项可知A项符合题意， 故选A。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“They say the easiest and most cost-effective way to use the rice will be to make it into a cream to be put on the skin.”可知，最简单、最划算的使用方法是将大米制成面霜涂在皮肤上。“the most cost-effective”与“the
25、 lowest cost”是同义词，“make it into a cream”与“process it into a cream”是同义的。故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The scientific team says further testing is needed to ensure that the genetic engineering process does not produce any additional chemicals that could be dangerous to people.”可知，科学研究小组认为要进一步的测试，以确保基因工程过程不会
26、产生任何可能对人类有害的额外化学物质。由此可推断这种基因工程的过程还需要进一步的完善。故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了最近的一项研究，一种新的转基因水稻可以预防艾滋病病毒的感染。因此与人类的健康有关，所以本文可能是出现在健康杂志上，故选B。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3犇犇阅读理解 In our twenties, we find it funny when we cant remember our neighbors cats name or a han
27、dsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there comes a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit
28、dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimers disease（老年痴呆症）？ Well, dont worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimers disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show
29、 that its not forgetfulness but not being aware that were forgetful that we should fear. The researchers began with the assumption that one common feature of Alzheimers dis-ease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict
30、 whether someone with mild cognitive（认知的）damage will progress to full-on AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either complained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss. The researchers used existing data fo
31、r 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12-year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with AD.As e
32、xpected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？ A.People can be
