1、直接引语变间接引语的用法 2014望子成龙学校暑假班八年级英语讲义 直接引语变间接引语的用法She said. My brother wants to go with me.(直接引语，即直接用“”把说话者所说的话引用)She said her brother wanted to go with her.（间接引语，即通过说话人与听话人之外的人称也就是第三人称转述成一个宾语从句）一、如何变人称:下面有一句顺口溜“一随主、二随宾、第三人称不更新”。直接引语中的人称间接引语中的人称备 注一人称与主句部分主语一致的代词二人称与主句部分宾语一致的代词三人称不变化、不更新He said to me. M
2、y brother wants to go with me.（He said.为主句，he为主句的主语;me为主句的宾语，My brother wants to go with me.为直接引语，将要变成间接引语即宾语从句）“一随主”是指在直接引语中有第一人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中主语的人称相应的代词。如：He said. My brother wants to go with me. He said his brother wanted to go with him.说明：my是直接引语中的一人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语要变成与主句he
3、said 中的主语he相一致的形容词性物主代词，即his;me是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词宾格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he said 中的主语he 一致的人称代词宾格,即him“二随宾”是指直接引语中有第二人称的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词时，变成间接引语要变成与主句中宾语的人称相应的代词。如：He says to Kate. I am your sister ? He tells Kate he is her sister。说明：I 是直接引语中的一人称单数的人称代词主格，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate中的主语he相一致的人称代词主格，即he;yo
4、ur是直接引语中的二人称单数的形容词性物主代词，所以变成间接引语时要变成与主句he says to Kate中宾语Kate一致的形容词性物主代词，即her. “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语中的三人称的代词变成间接引语时不需要改变人称。如：Mr. Smith said: Jack is a good worker。Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker。（Jack是三人称，变成间接引语时依然是Jack。）2、如何变时态：1、当主句为一般现在时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态不变，依然用直接引语的时态。如：Lily says to us,I will go to A
5、merica with you Lily tells us that she will go to America with us.2、当主句为一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语的时态要做相应的调整，用成相应的过去时态。如：直接引语的时态间接引语的时态备注一般现在时一般过去时重点学一般将来时过去将来时重点学现在进行时过去进行时重点学现在完成时过去完成时重点学一般过去时过去完成时重点学现在进行时过去进行时必学1) She said. I have lost a pen. She said she had lost a pen.2) She said. We hope so. She said th
6、ey hoped so.3) She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth” the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves aro
7、und the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 20,1980 Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980。直接引语是一般
8、现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I had better go there that day
9、。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：He said, These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型(语序)：直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes. She said
10、that their bus would arrive in five minutes.一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.She asked me, You have seen the film, havent you?She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.You have fin
11、ished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.选择疑问句变为whether.or 宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用
12、陈述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell(ask, order, beg等) sb.(not) to do sth.句型。如：Dont make any noise, she said to the children. She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.
13、She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：He said, Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film.直接引语是感叹句时间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovel
14、y day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语；一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如： John said, Im going to London with my father.约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）John said that he was going to London with his father.约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）注意（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,in
15、sist等动词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked.He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a walk after supper? he asked .he advised me to take a walk after s
16、upper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.五、如何变时间状语和地点状语：.一般地应作用相应的变化。指示代词 this -that these- those表示时间的词 now - then today- that day this week(month ,etc) -that week (month ,etc)yesterday -the day before last week(month) - the week(month) beforethree days(a year
17、)ago-three days(a year)before tomorrow -the next (following ) daynext week(month)-the next(following)week(month)表地点的词 here -there六、如何变动词：动词 bring - take come go练习题直接引语变间接引语练习题1He said: “Ive left my book in my room.”2She said: “He will be busy.”3She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”4She asked, “Is this
18、 book yours or his?”5The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”6The teacher said to the students, “Dont waste your time.”7The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”8The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”9My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”10The boy said to us, “ I usually get up
19、 at six every day.”11He said, “We are still students.12He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”直接引语变间接引语专练题（二）.单项选择1. He asked _ for the computer. A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. He asked me _. A. had I seen the f
20、ilm B. have I seen the film C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. “Please close the window,” he said to me. He _ me _ the window. A. said to; to close B. told to; closing C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. He said _. A. that I am a teach
21、er B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” He _- very naughty. A. said his mother that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy is C. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was 附答案：1 He told me t
22、hat he had left his book in his room.2 She said that he would be busy.3 She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.4 She asked me whether that book was mine or his.5 The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.6 The teacher told the students not to waste their time.7 The mother asked Tom to get up e
23、arly.8 The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.9 My father said practice makes perfect.10 The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.11 He said they are still students.12 He told me that he was born in 1978. 宾语从句一.宾语从句的定义置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，v.-i
24、ng形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词（afraid,sure,glad等）之后也可以带宾语从句。二.宾语从句中引导词的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree
25、, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I dont thi
26、nk it is right for him to treat you like that.在以下情况中that不能省略1 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.2 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our
27、master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.3 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I cant tell him that his mother died.注意事项：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“
28、是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句4 在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.5 在介词的后面例句：Im thinking of whether we should go to see the film.6 在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a s
29、ports meeting next week7 直接与or not连用时例句：I cant say whether or not thet can come on time.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句8 if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.9 if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.10 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has
30、known all about it.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you ar
31、e waiting for?英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.三.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即：连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。例句如下：11 I dont know what they are looking for.12 Could you tell me when the train will leave?13 Can you imagine what kind of man he is?四.宾语从句的时态14 主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
