1、初中英语介词用法归纳整理初中英语介词用法归纳整理 表示时间的介词 at：用于表示时刻，时间的某一点。 on:用于星期，某天，某一天的上午，下午，晚上指具体的某一天时，一律用on in:用于表示周，月，季节，年，泛指上午，下午，晚上 before:在.之前 after:在.之后 by:在.前时间截止到. untiltill：直到.为止 for：达.之久表示过了多少时间 during：在.期间 through：一直.从开始到结束 from：从.起时间 since:自从.以来表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续 in：过.后未来时间 within：不超过.的范围 表示场所，方向的介词 at :在某地点表
2、示比较狭窄的场所 in:在某地表示比较宽敞的场所 on:在.上面，有接触面 above：在.上方 over：在.正上方，是under的反义词 under：在.下面，在.之内 below :在.下方不一定是正下方 near：近的，不远的 by:在.的旁边，比near的距离要近 between：在两者之间 among：在三者或者更多的之中 around：环绕，在.的周围，在.的四周 in front of:在.的前面 behind：在.后边 in：在.之内，用于表示静止的位置 into：进入 out of :和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 along：沿着 across：横过平面物体 th
3、rough：贯通，通过 to :达到.地点目的地或方向 for：表示目的，为了. from：从.地点起 其他介词 with： 和.在一起; 具有，带有; 用某种工具或方法 in： 表示用什么材料例如：墨水，铅笔等或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时，不用with而用in。 by:通过.方法，手段 of:属于.的，表示.的数量或种类 from：来自某地，某人，以.起始 without：没有，是with的反义词 like :像.一样 as :作为 against：反对，靠着 about： 关于，各处，四周; 询问某人，某物的情况或提出建议 v 宾语从句 一. 定义：宾语从句是指在一个句子中充当宾语的
4、句子 如：He said that he wanted to be a teacher when he grew up. 二. 宾语从句有三种类型： 1.由从属连词that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义，连词that常可被省略。例如：I hope that they will have fun. Mary said that she felt sleepy. Cant you see that Im a bird? 注意：1当主句的谓语动词是think,believe等时，宾语从句尽管要表示否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式。如：I dont think he will c
5、ome.我认为他不会来。 2两个表示陈述意义的宾语从句并列时，有时省去第一个从句的连词that，但第二个从句的连词that一般不可以省略。如： He told me thatthey could not decide what to do and that they asked my advice. 2.由从属连词if或whether引导的宾语从句表示“是否有，能，已经”等一般疑问句的含义。 例如：I wonder whether if he lives here. 3.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,how,why等引导的宾语从句表
6、示“谁，谁的，什么，哪个，些，何时，何地，怎样，为什么”等等特殊疑问句的意义。除了连接词及被修饰的词提前以外，宾语从句用陈述句语序。 例如：To masked who could give the message to her mother. Do you know what he said just now? I wondered how old his brother was. 三.宾语从句的时态呼应：“主现则从任，主过则从过，客观真理一般现” 1.当主句是现在时或将来时的时候，宾语从句可以用所需要的任何时态。 2.主句是过去时，宾语从句一般只能用过去时的某种形式;当从句叙述的是客观事实或
7、一般真理时，宾语从句仍然用现在时态。 3.情态动词must一般不用于过去时，但却可以用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中。 四.宾语从句的语序 1 宾语从句的连接词后加陈述语序主语在前，谓语在后 如：I want to know if he can come tomorrow 2 当连接词本身又是宾语从句的主语时，后面直接加谓语动词 如：She asked me who had helped him v 状语从句 英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语。 状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等，根据状语的功能状语从句可分为：时间状语从句、原因状语
8、从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句。 一.时间状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。 时间状语的连接词：when当时候 while当时候 as当时候 after在以后 before在以前 as soon as一就 since自从到现在 till /until直到才 by the time到为止依旧是连接词后加陈述语序。 1. when 当的时候一般情况下：主将从现 I will become a teacher when I grow up 2. while 当时 He visited a lot of places while he was traveling. 3. as 在
9、的同时;一边一边 He smiled as he stood up. 4. after 在之后 He left the classroom after he had finished his homework the other day. 5. before 在之前 Mr. Brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here. 6. as soon as 一就一般情况下：主将从现 We began to work as soon as we got there. I will write to you as soon as I g
10、et home. 7. since 自以来 到现在 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前说话时间为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Mr Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 还可以用作介词，本句从句还可以用短语：since three years ago自三年前以来表示。 8 till /until 直到 都可以作连词，连接时间状语，也可以作介词，与其它词构成介词短语，在句中作状语。 They walked till /until it was dark. Xiao
11、Ming didnt leave home till / until his father came back. 9. by the time 到为止 所在句子的主句应用现在或过去完成时 By the time he gets there , his father has already gone. By the time I got to school, the class had already began. 用法辨析：1.when, while和as的区别 When 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。 例如： When she c
12、ame in, I stopped eating. 她进来时，我在吃饭。瞬时动词 When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当的住在农村时，我常常为他担水。延续性的动词 We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 While 引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生或者相对应。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I w
13、as watching TV. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。对比 As 表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。 例如： We always sing as we walk. 我们总是边走边唱。as表示“一边一边” As we was going out, it began to snow. 当我们出门时，开始下雪了。as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间 as when while都表示
14、主、从句动作同时发生，三者差异如下： as 表示“一边。一边的意思 when 1、还可以表示从句动词的动作在主几句动词的动作之前 或之后发生。 2、when=and then; at that moment 正在那个时候 3.常用于常见搭配中 while 1、 用于时间较长时 2、 强调两个动作同时进行，并表示对比时 有时这三个连词可以互换，有时不可以。 lt was raining hard when as I got there. 我到那里时，正在下大雨。 动作同时发生，when可换为as, 但不能换为while，因为get是点动词. When I had read the article
15、, he called me. 我看完这篇文章之后，她给我打了电话。 从句动作发生在主句之前，注意时态表达，只能用when When I got to the cinema, the film had begun. 当我到了电影院时，电影已经开演了。从句的动作发生在主句之后，只能用when,并要注意时态 He was about to leave, when the telephone rang. 他正要离开，忽然电话响了。 此时不能放在句首。主句动词一般表达 “正在” “即将”. while, as不能代替 She thought I was talking about her daught
16、er, while, in fact, I was talking about my daughter. 他以为我在谈她女儿，然而，实际上在谈论我女儿。表转折，对比，when, as都不能代替它 While the alien was buying a souvenir, the girl called the police. 外星人买纪念品时，那女孩给警察打了电话。表示主句，从句的动作同时发生，while后引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词不能是点动词，因为它表示较长时间 Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially
17、as when/ while father was away. 妈妈担心，因为小爱丽丝病了，特别是他父亲不在家的时候。此时as ,when, while可通用 2. 由till或until引导的时间状语从句。 till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。例如： I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作
18、。 3. 由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时，表述为：现在完成时+since+一般过去时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。例如： It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 知识扩展 1. It is since 从.以来多长时间了 It is five years since we met last time. 2. It is +before
19、。才。 It was a long time before I went to sleep again. It was an hour before=until the police arrived. 二.原因状语从句：在一个句子中作时间状语的句子。 连接词：由连词because, since, as引导, 也可由for, now that 等词引导 1.I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill. 2. Since everybody is here, lets begin our meeting. 既然。 3. As you are i
20、n poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然。 4.I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. .用法辨析：because , since , as , for辨析 1because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。 I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our
21、journey. 2由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 三、条件状语从句 连接词：if如果, unless =if not 如果不、除非让步 1. If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 2. I will go to the party unless he goes t
22、here too. 3. You will be late unless you leave immediately. =If you dont leave immediately, you will be late. 条件状语从句：主将从现. He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow. 四、目的、结果状语从句 目的状语从句是指在一个句子中充当目的状语的句子。 结果状语从句是指在一个句子中充当结果状语的句子 目的状语从句连接词so that, sothat , in order that 引导。 结果状语从句连接词 sothat, suchthat,
23、 so much/manythat引导。 1. sothat 如此以至于 He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 2. so that 以至于, 以便于 Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. 目的 I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. 目的 3. suchthat 如此以至 Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 4.
24、 in order that=so that 为了 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can/may make your arrangements. 5.比较：so和 such 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 so nice a flowersuch a nice flower so many / few flowerssuch nice
25、 flowers so many peoplesuch a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。 难点 so+形容词或副词 so+形+aan+单数可数名词 so +many /few+复数可数名词 so +much/ little+不可数名词 sothat与suchthat皆可引导目的地状语从句和结果状语从句。 The boy is so young that he cant go to school. He is such a young boy that he cant go
26、to school so +adj/adv.+ that， such +n.+ that 以上两种句型都表示结果 so为副词,后接形容词，副词原型，可数名词前有many, few;不可数名词前有much, little修饰时，应采用句型：so many few, much, little +n. such为形容词, 后只能接名词。这名词既可以地可数的，也可以是不可数的。如果这名词是可数的,则必须在名词前加不定冠词aan. 常见的形式是:such a beautifulgarden, suchnicepeople. 五、让步状语从句 让步状语从句是指在句子中作让步的状语的句子 连接词： thou
27、gh, although.，whetheror not 难点：though, although当“虽然”讲, 都不能和but连用. Although/thoughbut的格式是不对的.但是他们都可以同yet still 连用. 所以thought althoughyetstill的格式是正确的. Wrong: Although he is rich but he is not happy. Right : Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. 虽然他很富有, 然而他并不快乐. Right : Although we have grown up, o
28、ur parents treat us as children Right : Although we have grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 尽管我们已经长大了,可是我们的父母仍把我们看作小孩. although, though 辨析 although不能作并列连词，although不能作副词，放在词尾表示强调时要用even though. 1、Even though I didnt under a word, I kept smiling. 尽管 【典型例题】 1 _she is young, she knows qui
29、te a lot. A. WhenB. HoweverC. AlthoughD. Unless 2ever if, even though.即使 Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 3 whetheror not 不管都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. no matter 从句 结构：no matter +特殊疑问词疑问词+陈述语序 或特殊疑问词+后缀ever+陈述语序 No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever ha
30、ppened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。 错No matter what you say is not useful now. 对Whatever you say is not useful now. 你现在说什么也
31、没用了。 Whatever you say是主语从句 错Prisoners have to eat no matter what theyre given, 对Prisoners have to eat whatever theyre given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么 v 定语从句 定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后 如：I have met the doctor who is in the No.1 hospital. 定语从句的连接词： 1.连接代词：who、which、whom、whose、that 2.连接副词：when、where、why 选用连接词的关键是看先行词定语从句所修饰的名词或代词 一、连接代词的选用：
