1、初中中考英语复习中考英语语法总结知识点复习初三英语上册知识点：动词不定式一. 定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，既可以有自己的宾语和状语。同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。二. 动词不定式的构成：to+动词原形三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。We hope to get there before
2、dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。动词不定式作宾语的注意事项（2点）1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事remember doing 记得曾经做过某事forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事stop to do 停下来去做某事stop doing 停止做某事go on to do 继续做另一件事go on doing 继续做原来在做的事I remember seeing you somew
3、here before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。2. 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。如：He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。The teache
4、r told us to do Exercise 1. 老师要我们做练习一。I want both of you to go. 我要你们俩去。We helped her (to) repair her bike. 我们帮助她修理自行车。2. 使役动词let, have, make及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。Lets have a rest. 我们休息一会吧。I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行
5、。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）五. 动词不定式作状语Later he left home to work in different cities. 不久他离开家到不同的城市工作。He went to see a football match. 他去看足球比赛了。In order to catch the other students, I must work hard.为了赶上其他同学，我必须努力学习。六. 动词不定式作定语不定式作定语一般
6、放在所修饰的词的后面。I need something to eat.Do you have something to read?Tom was so excited that he had no word to say.He is really a fool only to eat.The man to stand here just now is our English teacher.The doctor had no way to save the patient.注意：（1）作定语的不定式是由及物动词组成，被修饰的名词或代词与不定式之间存在方位或方式关系需要有介词。I am look
7、ing for a room to live in. 我正在找一间住房。（方位关系）We have many things to do experiments with.我们有许多做实验的东西（方式关系）（2）作定语的不定式是由“be + adj + prep”构成的动词短语。Here there isnt any book for me to be interested in.We have done many things to proud of. 我们做了许多引以自豪的事。七. 动词不定式作主语To give is better than to receive.To reach ther
8、e on foot is impossible.动词不定式作主语时，可以用it 代替，把实际主语不定式放在后面。Its better to give than to receive.Its impossible to reach there on foot.Its + adj + for sb. to do sth.Its not difficult for me to study English well.Its easy for him to work out this math problem.在这个句型中，如果形容词与不定式的逻辑主语关系密切，并且形容词用来说明逻辑主语的性质、品质、特
9、点等，由of引出逻辑主语。这类形容词主要有nice, kind, good, wrong, right等。八. 动词不定式和疑问词连用动词不定式可以和疑问词what, which, how, where, when连用，构成不定式短语，可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。How to do is still a question.Have you decided when to leave?九. 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定式是在to前加not；不带to的不定式则在动词前加not. 如：Zhang Ming asked me not to stay at home all day.
10、张明要我不要整天呆在家里。My mother let me not do it by myself. 妈妈让我不要独自做这件事。被动语态英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态主动语态（The Active Voice）表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态（The Passive Voice）表示主语是动作的承受者。构成：承受者+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般现在时：承受者+助动词am / is/are +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者一般过去时：承受者+助动词was / were +及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+助动词shall / will be+及物动词的过去分词+b
11、y+执行者承受者+助动词 have/ has been+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者承受者+ can /may/must/should +be+及物动词的过去分词+by+执行者被动语态用法：1）当我们不知道动作的执行者是谁，或者没有必要指出动作的执行者时，需用被动语态。2）当我们需要强调动作的承受者时,常用被动语态。3）如果需要说出动作的执行者, 用by引导出动作的执行者。主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。主动语态变为被动语态时有以下几种情况：1）主语谓语动词宾语将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（主动）We bought a
12、 book yesterday.（被动）The book was bought yesterday.2）主语谓语动词间接宾语直接宾语将主动语态中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语。多数情况下将间接宾语变为主语。如果直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to / for。（主动）He showed me a book yesterday.（被动）I was showed a book yesterday.（被动）The book was showed to me yesterday.3）主语谓语动词复合宾语含有一个由宾语加宾语补足语构成的复合宾语，变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语
13、补足语保留不变，成为主语补足语。（主动）I found him a good pupil. （宾语补足语）（被动）He was found a good pupil. （主语补足语）4）短语动词变为被动语态有些短语动词相当于一个及物动词，其后可以接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态，但短语动词是不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可去掉其后面的介词或副词。（主动）We should look after the patients very well.（被动）The patients should be looked after very well by us.5）宾语从句变为被动语态若主动语态中是宾语从句
14、，变为被动语态时常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。Its said that he passed the exam.被动语态应注意的几个特殊问题：（1）不及物动词带介词和介词宾语，在变为被动语态时，仍然要带上介词。（主动）The students in class listen to the teacher carefully.（被动）The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.（2）当动词带有复合宾语时，并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时，在被动语态中应加上“to”。（主动）They make do
15、all the work.（被动）We were made to do all the work.（主动）We often hear her sing English songs.（被动）She is often heard to sing English songs.（主动）I see him walk to school.（被动）He is seen to walk to school.初三英语上册知识点：交际用语表示购物的习惯用语May / Can I help you?How many / much would you like?What colour / size would you
16、 like?I want / Id likeHow much is it / are they?Thats too expensive, Im afraid.Do you have any other colours / sizes / kinds?Thats fine. Ill take it.表达开心的句子How wonderful / nice!Thats lovely/great/wonderful!Im so happy. Its well done.Im pleased to know that.表示祝愿的交际用语：Have a good time! Good Luck! Well
17、 done! Congratulations!Enjoy yourself! Marry Christmas! Happy Birthday!表达看病的句子Whats wrong with you?How are you feeling?Its nothing serious.Youll recover soon.Take some medicine three times a day.It can make you feel better.I dont feel well.It hurts here.I feel terrible / bad.Ive got a pain here.Ive
18、got a headache / cough / fever / cold.重点词组（词）的辨析：1. have to /must 不得不，必须have to 强调客观，must强调主观。例：Mother is ill. I have to look after her.I must study hard.have to有时态、人称变化，否定问句结构用助动词。have to dont have tohas to doesnt have tohad to didnt have towill have to wont have tomust的否定式有mustnt和neednt，must只有一般现在
19、时，neednt常作否定回答。You mustnt eat in class. 上课不要吃东西。Must I come here so early? 我必须这么早来吗？No, you neednt . 不，不必。2. cost/pay for/ spend on/in doing / take花钱常用前三者，花时间常用后两者，句式为：Sth. costs (sb.) money.Sb. pays money for sth.Sb. spends money on (in doing) sth. 例：The book cost me ten yuan. 我花10元钱买那本书。I paid ten
20、 yuan for the book.I spent ten yuan for /(in) buying the book.take的句式为：It takes sb. timeto do sth. 例：I spend much time on books.我花很多时间读书。I spend much time (in) reading books.It takes me much time to read books.初三英语上册知识点：句式句型重点句子及句型Unit 11. They go as fast as they can.asas sb. (one) can as as possibl
21、e 尽可能地asas中间加原级的形容词或副词。例：I will work as hard as I can. 我将尽可能努力工作。He ran as fast as he could. 他拼命地跑。Please come here as soon as you can. 请尽快来这里。2. We call the first Olympic Games the ancient Olympics.我们把早期的运动会叫做古代奥运会。call sb. / sth. n. 称呼某人/某物，后面的名词作宾语补足语。例：We call the boy DaMao. 我们称呼那个男孩大毛。类似于这种可以用名
22、词或名词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：name/call/make/choose/find/think等。例：We chose him our monitor at yesterdays class meeting.昨天班会我们选他当我们的班长。I find him a clever boy. 我觉得他是个聪明的孩子。3. It seemed that Zhuang Yong and Jenny Thompson, an American swimmer, had finished at the same time.看上去好像庄泳和美国游泳选手詹尼汤姆森同时游完全程。以下几种方式可以表示看起来，似
23、乎It seems that 从句seem to be adj.seem adj.例：Danny seemed excited. (Danny seemed to be excited.)丹尼似乎很激动。seem to do sth.例：When his wifes pet cat died, Alan didnt seem to care at all.艾伦妻子的宠猫死了，他好象一点也不在乎。4. Diving is one of the most popular events at the Olympics.潜水是奥运会最受欢迎的项目之一。one of 其中之一，后常加最高级及名词复数。例
24、：Changjiang is one of the longest rivers in the world.长江是世界最长的河流之一。5. Make your country proud. 使你的国家因你而自豪。proud作宾语补足语，修饰宾语your country；make的用法：make the bed 铺床 make tea 沏茶make dumplings 包饺子 make a car 制造汽车be made of 由制成make sb. /sth. n. 使某人/某物成为made sb. /sth. adj. 使某人/某物如何make sb. /sth. do 使某人/某物做某事名
25、词/形容词/do （不定式，省to），作宾语补足语。6. his team came in twentieth. 他的队第二十名。twentieth 第二十整十数的序数词，变y为ie加th。例：ninetyninetieth fiftyfiftieth7. We had such an interesting day at school today.我们今天在学校度过了这么有趣的一天。这句话也可以说成：We had so interesting a day at school today.such和so意思都是如此/这样，但用法不同。It is so interesting a film th
26、at we all want to see it once more.它是如此有趣的电影，我们都想再看一遍。Thanks a lot for sending me such beautiful pictures by e-mail!多谢你用e-mail给我发来这么漂亮的图片。He is so weak that he cant work on.他如此虚弱以致不能再继续工作。8. If I dont. I wont be able to sleep tonight.如果我不写下来的话，我今晚睡不着觉。此句是if构成的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时代替将来时。Ill go to the park w
27、ith my friends if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我要和朋友去公园。9. If he practises walking on pizzas, hell do better next time.如果他保持练习在比萨饼上走的话，下次他会表现好一些。finish, enjoy, practise, keep, mind后常加动名词作宾语。例：Youd better practise speaking English both in and after class.你最好在课上课下练习说英语。Unit 21. Our class could play
28、 soccer for a week without stopping.我们班同学可以踢一周足球不休息。without 介词，with的反义词，后加名词、代词或doing形式的动词，有时可以用if从句改写。例：Without having breakfast, he hurried to school.他没有吃早饭，匆忙上学去了。Fish cant live without water. 没有水鱼不能活。If there is no water, fish cant live.2. Thats very kind of you. 你真是太好了。还可以说：Thats very nice of y
29、ou.3. Wouldnt we get tired? 我们不会累吗？此句是否定形式的一般疑问句，常用来表惊讶、责备、赞叹等语气。例：Isnt it beautiful? 它不漂亮吗？ （It is beautiful！）注意答语：Yes, it is. 不，漂亮No, it isnt. 是的，不漂亮。Cant you come earlier? 你不能早来吗？（责备）4. The Great Wall of China is more than 7,240 kilometres long.中国的长城长7,240多公里。It is 数字单形容词是一个固定句式，用来表达某物（人）多高/长/宽/深等。例：The river is 10 metres deep.这条河深10米。The old man is seventy years old. 这个老人70岁。Our room is 5 metre
