1、初中英语非谓语动词动词不定式一对一个性化讲义本次授课内容授课标题非谓语动词动词不定式学习目标掌握动词不定式作宾语、作宾语补足语及作目的状语重点难点动词不定式作宾语补足语及一些相关句型的运用本次课课堂教学内容一、 动词不定式的构成及句法功能1. 动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形。有时可以不用to，这里的to是不定式符号，本身没有意义，动词不定式的否定形式是“not（+to）+动词原形”。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语或状语。2. 动词不定式的句法功能（1）不定式作主语用作主语的动词不定式通常表示一种具体的、特定的行为，
2、其谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。当作主语的不定式（短语）较长时，用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。例：To learn English well is not easy.学好英语不容易It is important for students to learn English well.学好英语对学生们来说是重要的。（2）不定式作宾语有些及物动词后用不定式作宾语，常见的这类及物动词有：begin、choose、continue、decide、expect、fail、forget、hate、help、hope、learn、manage、mean、need、offer、plan、prefer、
3、pretend、promise、refuse、try、wait、want、wish、determine、dare、attempt、afford、agree、start、like。例：She promised to come at nine oclock.她答应九点来的。如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。例：I found it important to get up early in the morning.我发现早上早起很重要。（3）不定式作定语1不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词、代词，在句中作定语。不定式作定语时，它的位置是在它所修饰的名词或代词之后
4、。例：He was the first to come to the classroom.他是第一个来到教室的人。2若不定式是不及物动词，或不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面就应有必要的介词。例：That girl has nothing to worry about.那个女孩没有什么好担心的。3不定式修饰something、anything、nothing时，放在它们的后面，如果something、anything、nothing有形容词修饰，词序是“something/anything/nothing+形容词+不定式”。例：I had something cold
5、 to drink.我喝冷饮了。（4）不定式作表语动词不定式可以跟在连系动词后作表语，表示主语的具体内容、目的等。动词不定式作表语通常可以跟主语进行位置互换。例：My dream is to be.become a famous scientist.我的梦想是成为一名著名的科学家。（5）不定式作宾语补足语常见的跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语的（短语）动词persuade、allow、order、teach、ask、want、invite、forbid、wish、encourage、tell、warn、advise、expect、would like例：Mother asks me not to
6、play computer games before finishing my homework.在我写完作业前妈妈不让我玩电脑游戏。（6）不定式作状语1作目的状语常用结构：only to do（仅仅为了），in order to do，so as to do。例：He ran fast so as to catch the first bus.他跑得很快，为的是赶上第一班车。2作结果状语常用结构：so.as to，too.to.，enough.to.，only to do例：I awoke only to find my luggage gone.我醒来后发现我的行李不见了。3作原因状语例：
7、Im only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了，我非常高兴。（7）不定式用作独立成分不定式用作独立成分，往往是用作评注性状语。To be honest, it was one of the worst books Ive ever read.说实话，那是我读过最差的书之一。拓展：常用作独立成分的不定式短语：to be frank 坦率地说、to be honest 老实说、to begin with 首先、to start with 首先、to tell you the truth 说实话二、 使用动词不定式的主要句型1. 不定式的否定式（1）不定
8、式的否定式为：not+不定式例：The teacher told us not to read the book.老师告诉我们不要读那本书。（2）比较不定式的否定式和否定句的区别例：I didnt ask him to open the door.我没让他把门打开。I asked him not to open the door.我让他别把门打开。2. 疑问词+不定式不定式可以和疑问代词who，what，which及疑问副词when，how，where连用构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。例：The question is when to start.问题是什么时候开始。3.
9、too.to.和enough to.（1）“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”意为“太.（以至于）不能.”。例：Its never too old to learn.活到老学到老。此句型还可以是：too.for sb./sth. to do sth.The box is too heavy for me to carry.这个箱子对我来说太重了，我搬不动。此句型也可以是：so.that+主语+cant/couldntHe was too tired to move on.=He was so tired that he couldnt move on.他太累了，不能继续走了。（
10、2）“adj./adv.+enough to do sth.”意为“足够.能做.”。例：The girl is old enough to go to school.这个女孩已到上学的年龄了。此句型也可转换为so.that+主语+can句型。The girl is so old that she can go to school.4. It be+adj. of/for sb.+ to do sth.（1）for sb. 句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词，如easy、difficult、hard、important、possible、interesting。可转化为To do sth.+be+
11、adj.+to do sth.例：It was hard for him to learn English well.=To learn English well was hard for him.对他来说学好英语太难了。（2）of sb.句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good、kind、nice、clever、foolish、right、wrong、careful。可转化为sb.+be+adj.+to do sth.例：Its kind of you to say so.=You are kind to say so.你能这样说真好。5. 其他句式（1）Its ones turn
12、to do sth. 轮到某人做某事了。（2）It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 某人花多长时间做某事。（3）Its time to do sth.=Its time for sth. 是该.的时候了。（4）sb.+be+adj.+to do sth. 某人因.而.。（5）find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth. 发现/认为/感到做某事是.的。三、 动词不定式符号to的省略1. 使役动词后省略to的情况在let，make，have等使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to。例：She always makes me la
13、ugh.她总是让我大笑。2. 感官动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式必须省略to例：I watched her get into the car.我看着她上了车。3. 动词help后省略to的情况在动词help后用作宾语或宾语补足语的不定式可以不带to。例：Can I help（to）carry this heavy box？我可以帮忙搬这个重箱子吗？4. why（not）.后省略to的情况why（not）.之后的不定式不能带to。例：Why not ask the teacher？为什么不问问老师？5. 跟在表示“除.之外”意义的but，except之后的动词不定式，若but，except之前有实
14、义动词do的任何形式，通常省略动词不定式符号to。例：His mother could do nothing but wait for the doctor to arrive.他妈妈除了等着医生到来之外别无他法。提示：后跟省略to的不定式作宾语的动词一“感”feel二“听”hear，listen to三“让”make，let，have四“看”watch，notice，see，look at“半”帮助help（可省略，亦可不省略）当堂练习1.- Could you teach me how_cakes?-Sorry, I don t know.A make B making C to make
15、 D made2.Our teacher told us_carefully in class.A listen B to listen C listened D listens4.-What do you expect_from your hard work?-Nothing, I just want to try my best.A get B got C getting D to get4.The doctor warned us_more fruit and vegetables instead of meat.A to eating B to eat C eat D eating5.
16、My parents always tell me _more vegetables and fruit.A eat B eating C eats D to eat6.My cousin will come here tomorrow. I expect_him.A to see B see C seeing D saw7.The girl expected all her classmates_to her party. A. come B. to come C.coming D.came8.Lets_a noise; someone is sleeping.A not make B no
17、 making C not to make9.We stopped_, but there was not any sound. A. to listen B. listens C. listen D. listening10.-I think you should stop_ noise. -Sorry. I wont do that againA. to make so much B. making so much C. to make so many D. making so many11.-What do you usually have for breakfast? -I used
18、to_ dumplings, but these days Im used to_bread and milk. A eat: have B eat: having C eating: have D eating: having12.Vivian refuses_ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classesA to send B sending C sent D sends13.After long years of war， many people in Syria are homeless. I think i
19、t important_ peaceful worldA. build B. not build C. to build D. not to build14.Larry hopes_ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day.A. to improve B. improving C. improved D. not to improve15.Sometimes you have to stop_ too much and just go where your heart takes youA. think B. to think C. t
20、hought D. thinking本次课课后练习1. _ the seeds and they will grow.A. Water B. To water C. Watering D. Watered2. The purpose of the scheme is not to help the employers but _ work for young people.A. provide B. to provide C. providing D. provided3. He arrived at the office early, _ a good example to the othe
21、rs.A. set B. to set C. to be set D. having set4. Please make my excuse at tomorrows meeting Ive got too much work _.A. to do to comeB. doing comingC. to do comingD. to do coming5. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _A. to findB. to have found C. to be found D. being found6. Afte
22、r describing the planned improvements, she went on _ how much they would cost.A. to explain B. explaining C. to be explainingD. having explained7. To test eggs, _ them in a bowl of water: if they float theyre bad, if they sink theyre good.A. put B. putting C. to put D. to be putting8. Please remembe
23、r _ the plants while Im away.A. wateringB. to be wateringC. to water D. being watering9. _ wine, first you must press the grapes.A. Making B. To makeC. To be making D. Make10. Ive never been so poor _ able to afford a meal.A. as to be not B. not as to be C. as not to beD. as to not be11. I dont know
24、 whether to stay in teaching or _another job.A. trying gettingB. to try to get C. trying to get D. try get12. Ill have to change my clothes before I go out I dont want _ like this.A. to see B. to be seeing C. to be seen D. being seen13. In fact, she was the first woman _to such a post.A. to elect B.
25、 to be electing C. to have elected D. to have been elected14. Id like _over the Alps and looking down at the mountains.A. flying B. being flying C. to be flying D. be flying15. Im learning _ a cake. Can you explain _ one?A. to make, to makeB. how to make, to make C. to learn, how to make D. making,
26、making16. Whom would you rather _ with you, Jim or Jack?A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. has to go17. The husband advised _to the south, but his wife advised him _ up the idea.A. moving, giving B. to move, to give C. moving, to giveD. to move, giving18. “Would you like to come for a walk wit
27、h me?” “Id prefer _, thank you.” A. not to B. to not C. not D. cant19. I would mend your radio, but I dont know _.A. how B. to C. how to D. to how20. “I havent heard from Henry for a long time.” “What do you suppose _ to him?”A. was happeningB. to happen C. has happenedD. had happened21. When I hand
28、ed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it toD. for sending it to22. “Do you know the girl in red?” “She seems _ me at last months party. But Im not sure.A. to introduce to B. to be introduced toC. being introduced to D. to have been introd
29、uced to23. We all agreed _ for another day, but Jim disagreed _A. to wait, to do soB. to wait,不填C. waiting, doing soD. waiting,不填24. He made up his mind to devote his life _ pollution _ happily.A. to prevent, to live B. to prevent, from livingC. to preventing, to live D. to preventing, from living25. I wish Id been there I would like _ her face when his husband came in.A. to seeB. to have seen C. seeingD. having seen26.We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _.A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to ch
