1、小升初英语复习资料必备1、名词单复数(一) 规则变化名词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数;s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾，直接加上 -es;词尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先变 ve;辅母 + y 在词尾，把 y 变 i 再加 -es;词尾字母若是 o，常用三个已足够，要加 -es 请记好，hero, tomato, potato。(二) 不规则变化男人女人 a 变 e，鹅足牙 oo 变 ee;老鼠虱婆也好记，ous 变 ic;孩子加上 ren，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。【解说】1. 英语名词有单数和复数的区别，单数表示“一个”，复数表示“多于一个。”名词由单数变复数，多数是规则的变，直接加
2、 -s，例如：book books, girl girls。但以 -s, -z, -x, -ch, -sh 结尾的名词，变成复数时加 -es, 例如：bus buses, buzz buzzes, box boxes, watch watches, brush brushes dressdresses2. -f(e) 结尾的名词单数变复数歌诀： 树叶半数自已黄，妻子拿刀去割粮，架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌，躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。例如：leaf-leaves (树叶，叶子)，knifeknives (刀子)，wolfwolves (狼), lifel
3、ives (生命)，这些名词变成复数时，都要改 -f (e) 为 ve，再加 -s。3. -f 结尾的名词直接加 -s 变复数歌诀：海湾边、屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望;谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。例如：gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief，这些名词变复数直接加 -s。注：scarf(围巾;披风) 可以先改 f 为 ve 再加-s，也可直接加 -s。4. 辅音字母 + y 结尾的名词，把 y 变 ie 加 -s。例如：baby babies, country countries, family families;而 -y 前是元
4、音时，-y 不变，直接加 -s。例如：day days, boy boys5. 以 -o 结尾的名词变复数时，多数直接加 -s。例如：radio radios, piano pianos, kangaroo kangaroos;有的须加 -es，中学课本中有几个这样的单词，可以通过一句口诀来记忆：黑人英雄爱吃西红柿和土豆。即：Negro Negroes, hero heroes, tomato tomatoes, potato potatoes;有的以 o 结尾的名词既可加 -s 也可加 -es。例如：volcano (火山) volcanos / volcanoes 等。6. 名词复数的不规
5、则变化需要特别记忆。例如：man men, woman women, goose geese, foot feet, tooth teeth, mouse mice,child children, fish fish, deer (鹿) deer, sheep sheep 等。7. 初中课本中表示“某国人”的名词复数形式变化可通过歌诀记忆：中日不变英法变，其余 -s 加后面。例如：Chinese Chinese, Japanese Japanese;Englishman Englishmen, Englishwoman Englishwomen, Frenchman Frenchmen, Fr
6、enchwoman Frenchwomen;American Americans, Rusian Rusians, Arab Arabs, German Germans 等。8. 不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。有些不可数名词可借助单位词表示一定的数量。例如：a cup of tea 一杯茶, two pieces of paper 两张纸, an item of news 一则新闻。1、单复数形式一致的顺口溜口诀：一个中国人和一个日本人骑着一只羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。解释：Chinese, Japanese , deer, sheep, fish2、巧记不规则名词单变复口诀：大鹅老鼠齐步
7、走男男女女龇龇牙解释：goose-geese; mouse-mice; foot-feet;man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth3、表示民族的名词顺口溜口诀：“中、日、两瑞”永不变;“英、法”联盟a变e;其他一律加s 。解释： Chinese，Japanese，Swiss等单复数同形;Englishman，Frenchman的复数为Englishmen，Frenchmen;其他像German，American，Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s”。二、小升初英语必备的30个重点句型1. go on to do sth /go on doing sth
8、继续做事(常考)Go on doing the exercise after a short rest.2. hate to do/doing sth 讨厌/不喜欢做某事I hate to tell the news to you.3. have fun doing sth 做某事很有趣Have fun getting to know each other.4. have problems doing sth 做某事遇到困难Many people have problems getting to sleep at night.5. have sb do sth/have sth done 让某
9、人做某事This is the best work you have ever done.6. hear sb do sth 听到某人做某事(后接动词原形，常考)hear sb doing sth 听到某人正在做某事(常见)I heard someone laughing.7. help to do sth 帮忙做某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事Ill help you clean the room.8. hope/wish to do sth 希望做某事wish sb to do sth 希望某人做某事I wish to take this opportunity
10、to thank you all.9. It seems that 这像是(后接从句)seem to do sthseem +adjItseems that you are lying.Does that seem to make sense?10. Its + adj+(for sb) to do sth .Its+adj +(of sb) to do sthIts glad for him to hear the news.11. It takes sb sometime/money to do sth . 花费某人多长时间做某事(常考)It takes me an hour to wal
11、k there and back.12. pay for cost spendon. it take to do sth 花费He paid for it out of his own pocket.13. Its best for sb to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是最好的Its best for you to do more exercise.had better do sth 最好做某事(注意had没有时态和人称的变化，better后接动词原形)You had better go to the school.14.Its time for sb to do sth 是某人做某事
12、的时候了Its time for us to have dinner.15.keep (on)doing sth 坚持做某事(常考)John always kept (on) asking questions.keep sb doing sth 让某人做某事(常考)Dont keep me waiting.keep sbfrom doing sth 阻止某人做某事(常考)He keeps her from cutting the tree.keep sb/sth +adj 使某人保持的状态Washingyour hands keeps you healthy.16.learn to do st
13、h 学做某事 Ilearn to play football.learn sth from sb 向某人学习I learn the spirit from him17.like to do/doing sth 喜欢做某事 like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事She likes swimming./She likes to swim this afternoon.18.need to do sth/ need doing sth/need to be done需要做某事The garden needs to be watered. / The garden needs wateri
14、ng.19. prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿而不愿(常考)I would prefer to spend the weekend at home rather than drive out.prefer doing sth to doing sth 喜欢做胜过做I prefer reading books to going shopping. 比起购物来，我更爱读书。preferto do sth 喜欢(爱)做某事20. refuse to do sth 拒绝做I refuse to answer that question.21. remembe
15、r/forget to do sth 记得/忘记做某事(没有发生)Please do remember to post a letter forme.务必记得帮我寄信。remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事I remember telling you the news before.我记得曾经告诉过你这个消息。22. see sb do sth 看见某人做某事(结果)see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事(正在进行中)be seen to do sth 做某事被看见I saw them play football last weekend.I sa
16、w her cleaning the classroom.I saw him get on the bus.= He was seen to get on the bus.23. something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西(词不定式放在something等后修饰这些词)I need something to eat. 我要一些吃的东西。24. spend some time (in)doing sth /on sth 花费时间做某事(注意动词要用ing形式)(常考)I spent 2 hours on homework.= I spent 2 hours in doing
17、homework.spend some money on sth/doing sth 买花了多少钱I ofen spend some money on the book. I ofen spend some money buying the book.25. Sth is hard/difficult/easy to do . 做好某事很难/容易The question is easy to answer.26. stop to do sth停下来去某事(两件事)(常考)stop doing sth 停止做某事(一件事)(常考)stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事(
18、常考)The two girls stopped to talk to me when they saw me.The two girls stopped talking when they saw me.I tried to stop my father from smoking,but failed.27. take turns to do sth 轮流做They take turns to do the cleaning.28. tell sb (not)to do sth 叫某人去(不要)做某事He tell me not to swim in that lake.29. There
19、is no need (for sb) to do sth 对某人来说没必要做某事There is no need for you to worry.30. There is notime (for sb ) to do sthhave no time to do sth 没时间做某事There is no time to think .I have no time to do morning exercises.三、情态动词在英语学习中，情态动词是经常会遇到的，有的小朋友会说，情态动词我知道，要放在相关动词前，表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或者主观想法。嗯嗯，全对!但是，因为情态动词带有某
20、种的情绪性，比如dare就很强硬，比较负面，而may就比较的和善，为了避免在谈话时把“讨论”变成“攻击”，宝贝们一定要学会善用情态动词哦!下面这张图帮你理清这些情态动词，表示说话者语气的强硬度从高到低依次递减，dare最强硬，shall最温和哦1 dare、need、mustdare是最“争强好胜”的情态动词，举个栗子：Dont you dare!你敢吗?或 How dare you tell her about that?你怎么敢告诉她那件事!是不是感受到腾腾的杀气扑面而来!need也是一个比较极端的词，含有命令的口吻，用的时候要小心了。比如You need this.(你需要这个)这句话可
21、能会让你的朋友感觉不舒服，同样的意思，换成Would you like this?(你想要这个吗?)是不是好多了!must通常也是命令的口吻，它的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，如果不是非常严肃需要强调的时候尽量避免使用，可以尝试用will/would替换，举个栗子：You must come with us.你必须和我们一起去。(接到这种命令，宝贝们，是不是也会一口拒绝)即使非常渴望小伙伴一起去，也要诚心诚意的邀请：Wed love to have your company.我们需要你的陪伴。2 should、will、ought从上图我们可以看出should、will、ought属于第二梯队
22、，说话者语气介于中间，为了让我们听起来更有礼貌，宝贝们在使用时可以使用其他句子进行中和，举几个栗子：You should eat more vegetables.你应该多吃蔬菜。(听起来好像麻麻的命令)为了让我们听起来更有礼貌，可以先说说蔬菜的好处Vegetables are nutritious, and some of them even taste good.蔬菜很有营养，而且有些蔬菜味道也不错。You will like this.你会喜欢这个的。可以换成：I hope you like this.希望你喜欢。Polly ought to try a new hair style.Po
23、lly 应该尝试一种新发型。可以换成：I wonder if Polly likes any of the new hair styles.我想知道Polly是否喜欢别的发型。3 can、may、shallcan(能)、may(可以)、shall(应该)这三个词听起来就像说话者在给予权限，但是比命令的语气好一点，也更有礼貌一点。You can come with us.你可以跟来。为了避免把“讨论”变成“攻击”，宝贝们一定要学会善用情态动词哦!通过使用温和的词语，来避免带有“命令”、“强硬”的语气。真实和友善远远比命令有用的多哦!四、疑问句I、询问颜色：colour-What colour i
24、s it? -它是什么颜色的? -Its yellow and white。 -黄白相间。2。 -What colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的? -Theyre green。 -绿色的。II、询问姓名、年龄：name，How old-Whats your name? -你叫什么名字? -My name is _。 -我叫。2。 -Whats his name? -他的名字是什么? -His name is Mike。 -他的名字是麦克。3。 -Whats her name? -她的名字是什么? -Her name is Chen Jie。-她的名字是陈婕。4。 -How ol
25、d are you? -你几岁了? -Im 12。 -我十二岁。5。 -How old is he/she? -他/她几岁了? -He/She is 23。 -他/她23岁。III、询问时间或日期：When-What time is it now? -现在几点钟? -Its nine oclock。 Its time for English class。 -九点。该上英语课了。 (-Its eight oclock。 Its time to go to bed。) (-八点。该上床睡觉了。)2。 -What day is it today? -今天星期几? -Its Monday。 -星期一。
26、 -What do we have on Mondays? -我们星期一上哪些课? -We have Chinese， English， math -语文、英语、数学3。 -When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么时候? -Its October 1st， our National Day。 -十月一日。国庆节。4。 -When do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼? -I usually do morning exercises at 8：30。 -我们通常8：30做早锻炼。IV、询问方位或地方：Where1。 -Where
27、is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿? -Its here， under the chair。 -在这儿。在椅子下面。2。 -Where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿? -Its on the first floor。 -在一楼。3。 -Where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿? -Theyre in the door。 -在门上。4。 -Excuse me。 Where is the library， please? -对不起。请问图书馆在哪儿? -Its near the post office。 -在邮局附近。5。 -Where are you
28、from? -你从哪儿来? -Im from China。 -我从中国来。6。 -Where does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的? -It comes from the clouds。 -它是从云层里来的。V、询问数量或价钱：How many ， How much1。 -How many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝? -I can see 12。 -我可以看见十二只风筝。2。 -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔? -I have 16。 -我有十六支。3。 -How many peopl
29、e are there in your family? -你家有几口人? -Three。 -三人。4。 -How much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱? -Its ninety-nine yuan。 -九十九元。5。 -How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱? -Theyre thirty-five yuan。 -三十五元。XVI、“How”问句：How tall，How heavy，1。 -How tall are you? -你有多高? -Im 160 cm tall。 Im taller than you。 -我有160公分。我比你高。2。 -How heavy are you? -你有多重? -Im 48 kg。 Youre heavier than me。 -我有48公斤。你比我重。3。 -How do you go to school?
