1、春季课程高一英语第4讲 人教版 必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating语法与写作教案第四讲 必修三 Unit 2 Healthy eating适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）1课时/60分钟知识点情态动词表推测教学目标知识：掌握情态动词表推测；正反观点的写作。方法：要牢记情态动词表推测的用法，并能灵活运用。能力：能根据语境判断考点情态动词+have done。教学重点掌握情态动词表推测；正反观点的写作。教学难点能根据语境判断考点情态动词+have done。教学过程1、复习预习依据语境记词汇单词拼写1Dont glare (怒视) at me
2、like that; you deserved the scolding.2The patient is recovering slowly; therefore, you had better choose some foods which digest (消化) more easily.3This shop tries its best to meet the needs of its customers (顾客)4This kind of fish doesnt need to be cooked.It can be eaten raw (生的)5If you place orders
3、now, we would give you a 5% discount (折扣)语境填词(用所给词的适当形式填空)1Children are always curious about everything they see and hear.They will ask all kinds of questions curiously.To meet their curiosity,_wed better answer them.(curiosity)2This new railway benefits this area in many ways.It is beneficial to th
4、e people living in this area.For the benefit of more people, we should build more railways.(benefit)3The man looks strong,_but he hasnt enough strength to lift the heavy box.He needs to strengthen his body.(strength)二、课堂导入复习上节课情态动词概念概念：在动词(一般动词)之前形成动词的否定,疑问,时态,语态,语气或表示特殊意义的动词叫做助动词,其中具有感情色彩一些助动词叫做情态动
5、词。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用，给谓语动词增添情态色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法，认为其可能、应该或必要等。情态动词后面加动词原形。概念引入情态动词表猜测用法：He must be the new teacher.They must have come from Shanghai.They may/might have had a cold. 三、知识讲解知识点1 情态动词表示对现在的推测1. 【考查点】can 用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可
6、以表示推测，cant 意为“不可能”，语气很强烈。Mr Bush is on time for everything.How can it be that he was late for the meeting?It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes.2. 【考查点】may，might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”；用于否定句中也可以表示推测，may not 意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。The traffic is heavy these days.I
7、might arrive a bit late，so could you save me a place?Liza may well not want to go on the tripshe hates traveling.3. 【考查点】must 表示推测时只能用于肯定句中，意为“一定，必定”，表示十分肯定的(在疑问句中或否定句中要用can)。Hi，Tom.Any idea where Jane is?She must be in the classroom.I saw her there just now.4. 【考查点】should 用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如
8、此”的意思。The public transport in Beijing is very convenient，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city.知识点2表示对过去的情况进行推测1.【考查点】can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done 多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。She cant have left school，for her bike is still
9、 here.The accident could have been avoided.2.【考查点】may/might have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。might 所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done 可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。I cant find my purse anywhere.You may have lost it while shopping.3.【考查点】must have done 表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。It must have been Tom that parked the
10、 car here，as he is the only one with a car.4.【考查点】should/ought to have done 用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now.You oughtnt to have been late for yesterday class meeting，as it was so important.5.【考查点】neednt
11、 have done 表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。I actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came.知识点3 dare和need的用法1. need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如： You neednt come so early. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. 注意：neednt + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某
12、事”。如： You neednt have waited for me. 2. dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如： How dare you say Im unfair. He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 3. dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如： I dare to swim across this river. H
13、e does not dare (to) answer. Dont you dare (to) touch it! I wondered he dare (to) say that. He needs to finish it this evening.知识点4 ought to的用法1. ought to表示应该。如： You ought to take care of him. 2. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）This is where
14、 the oil must be. （比较直率）This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）3. “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如： You ought to have asked him (but you didnt). 这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如： Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much.知识点5议论文正反观点对比【基础写作】请根据以下的写作内容，使
15、用个规范的英语句子描述全部所给的信息内容写作内容作为一个中学生, 你肯定经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. 请你根据提示内容,简要概述中学生普遍存在的对考试失败的两种态度, 并结合自身实际, 说明你的观点.态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。你的观点: 失败乃成功之母, 【审题】体裁:议论文时态:现在时人称: 第一人称要点: (1) 我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. (2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不
16、再继续努力.(3)态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。(4)我的观点: 失败乃成功之母, 文章结构句型短语(1) 我们中学生经历过多次考试, 体验过成功, 也遭遇过失败. 对考试失败大致有两种态度.have/take many tests or exams do well in the exams achieve success suffer from failure, fail (in) the exams(2) 态度一: 当考试结果不尽人意时, 情绪低落, 丧失信心, 不再继续努力.be in low spirits have pass
17、ive attitudeslose heart/confidenceno longer study hard ; no longertry ones best (3)态度二: 当考试失败时, 分析找出失败的原因, 鼓励自己, 增强自信, 避免再犯同样的错。find out/ analyze the causes, encourage oneselfhave/take active attitudesbuild up self-confidence, avoid making the same mistake(4)你的观点: 失败乃成功之母, in my view / opinion, As f
18、or me, As far as I am concerned,I agree with Failure is the mother of success. 表示不同观点的套语：Different people hold different opinions. People have taken different attitudes towards People have different opinions on this problem.不同观点之间的衔接：On the contrary others hold a different view. However, each coin h
19、as two sides. On the other hand, people object that .比较、对比：However, on the other hand,on the contrary,unlike be different from , 【技巧点拨】1. 基础写作是根据所给的内容组织成文，不是自由发挥。部分考生喜欢在文章中使用“Every coin has two sides”过渡，但是这个句子并不包含任何信息点，不适合在基础写作中使用。2 .注意使用表示转折和对比的词，如but, however, while, in contrast, compared with等。3.
20、 如果文章要言之有物最后要求考生发表自己观点，考生不能简单地说I agree with或者I disagree with，而是，有理有据。四、例题精析【例题1】Can you keep the secret?You _ worry Im not going to mention it to anyone.Aneednt BcouldntCmustnt Dwont【答案】选A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：“你能保守这个秘密吗？”“你不必担心，我不会向任何人提及它的。”根据句意可知应选neednt表示“不必”。【例题2】Looking people in the eye _ sometimes ma
21、ke them nervous and embarrassed.Amust BcanCshould Dshall解析：【答案】选B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：注视着别人的眼睛有时能够让他们感到紧张和尴尬。此句中情态动词can表示理论上的可能性。【例题3】Look！There are so many mistakes in your composition.You _ have fixed full attention on it.Acan BshouldCneed Dmight【答案】选B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：看！你的作文里有那么多的错误。你本应该把所有的注意力都集中在它上面的。表示“本
22、应该做但实际上没有做”应该用should have done结构，故选B。【例题4】Martin hasnt got in touch with me for ages.He _ my new cellphone number.Aneednt get Bmustnt getCcant get Dshouldnt have got【答案】选C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：马丁已经很长时间不和我联系了。他不可能有我的新手机号码。根据句意可知应选C项。【例题5】你班同学开展了一场“司机醉驾是否应该处罚乘客”的讨论。写作内容：请你根据下表提供的信息，给报社写一封信，介绍讨论的情况，并发表你的看法。少数同
23、学赞成处罚乘客大多数同学反对处罚乘客1.减少交通事故，促进交通安全2.不乘坐醉酒司机的车，不仅是对自己负责，也是对司机和路人负责1.乘客难以判断司机是否醉酒2.即使乘客知道司机饮酒，如果司机不听从乘客的劝诫，处罚乘客是不公平的你的看法：Dear Editor, Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. _Yours sincerelyLi Hua【答案】
24、Dear Editor,Im writing to tell you about the discussion weve had about whether passengers who ride in a car driven by a drunken driver should be punished. The minority of the students hold the opinion that punishing the passengers helps to reduce traffic accidents and increase traffic safety. Not to
25、 ride in a car driven by a drunken driver is not only a responsible behavior for passengers themselves but also for the drivers and other people on the road.The majority of the students, however, disapprove of the idea, stating that it is difficult for common passengers to know whether the driver ha
26、s been drinking or not. Whats more, even if the passenger knows the driver has drunk alcohol and has attempted to persuade the driver not to drive, it is unfair to punish the passenger when the driver does not follow the advice.As far as I am concerned, punishing passengers as well as the drivers is
27、 not only unfair but is also hard to carry out. Yours sincerely, Li Hua【解析】1.确定文体结构：正反观点之间的论证应该是属于并列关系，而双方观点的论点和分论点则为总分关系。而最后，考题要求考生写出自己的观点，这个属于对全文的总结。因此，文章的信息点划分非常明确，正反观点各占两个句子，考生的观点应该为最后一个句子。考生可以采用两种方法使自己的观点明确。第一种：第一句的信息点可以包含“少数同学赞成处罚乘客”（总起）和第一个原因，而第二句则讲述第二个原因（递进）；第二种：第一句为总起，第二句则包含了两个赞成的理由。陈述“大多数同
28、学反对处罚乘客”这方面也是同理。五、课堂练习（一）选择适当的情态动词1. According to the school rule, you _ walk through the school gate without permission. (mustnt/ neednt)2. There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You _ come. Why dont you? (should/ought to have)3. Mother is out. I will _ stay at home to look after my younger sister. (have to /must)4. He is from an English speaking country, so he _ speak English well. ( can /ma
