1、高考常考词性变化高考常考词性变化一、名词1名词转换为名词加后缀， 变成指人的名词(1)erorfarmfarmer农场主；农民officeofficer 官员professionprofessor 教授author 作者mayor 市长2019全国卷阅读七选五In an online class，developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.在线课程，发展健康的模式与教授沟通是非常重要的。(2)istsciencescientist 科学家tourtourist 旅行者violinv
2、iolinist 小提琴手novelnovelist 小说家specialspecialist 专家2019北京卷阅读DHe recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain.他建议她做一些研究，和牙医谈谈健康的糖果应该含有什么。(3)ianmusicmusician 音乐家CanadaCanadian 加拿大人AmericaAmerican 美国人2019江苏卷The musician along with his band members
3、 has given ten performances in the last three months.这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去三个月里共演出了10场。(4) eseJapanJapanese 日本人ChinaChinese 中国人2019全国卷阅读BOf course，not only are todays top Western designers being influenced by Chinasome of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. 当然，不仅是今天的西方顶级设计师正在
4、受到中国最好的设计师的影响，一些最优秀的当代时装设计师本身就是中国人。2名词的变化规律(1)规则变化类别规则例词一般情况在词尾直接加smapmaps, deskdesks, tabletables, towertowers以s，x，sh，ch结尾在词尾直接加esclassclasses, boxboxes, dishdishes, peachpeaches，但stomach例外，其后直接加s以o结尾的在词尾直接加esheroheroes, NegroNegroes, tomatotomatoes, potatopotatoes在词尾直接加sradioradios, photophotos, p
5、ianopianos, kilokilos以“辅音字母y”结尾变y为i，再加esfamilyfamilies, citycities, partyparties以“元音字y”结尾直接加sboyboys, monkeymonkeys, keykeys以f或fe结尾多数变f或fe为v后加esshelfshelves, wolfwolves, lifelives, knifeknives, wifewives少数词尾加s这些词包含在以下顺口溜中：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望，谁说他们无信仰，证据写在手帕上。这些名词分别是gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof,
6、 handkerchief以sis结尾的外来词变sis为sesbasisbases, analysisanalyses, crisiscrises(2)不规则变化类别例词单复数同形deer, sheep, Chinese, aircraft, means, series, species, headquarters单数形式复数意义people, police, cattle复数形式单数意义news, physics, polities合成词变复数passerbypassersby, soninlawsonsinlaw, lookeronlookerson, gobetweengobetween
7、s, grownupgrownups词形变化manmen, childchildren, toothteeth, footfeet, mousemice, mediummedia二、动词转换为名词1动作执行者(1)er (or, ar)ownowner 物主organizeorganizer 组织者beginbeginner 初学者competecompetitor 竞争者visitvisitor 参观者administrateadministrator 管理者begbeggar 乞丐lieliar 说谎者The administrator said we were entitled to a
8、 paid leave for ten days annually during the first five years.领导告诉我们在工作的前5年每年可享受10天的带薪假期。(2)antapplyapplicant 申请人assistassistant 助理In order to get a good job, many applicants poured into the job market.为了得到好的工作岗位，许多求职者涌入了招聘市场。2al 表示“人、物”行为approveapproval 赞成survivesurvival 幸存arrivearrival 到达refuseref
9、usal 拒绝proposeproposal 建议； 提议His refusal to discuss the matter is very annoying.他拒绝商量这件事，令人很恼火。3ance/ence表示性质、状态或行为acceptacceptance 接受appearappearance 出现，外表assistassistance 帮助dependdependence 依赖，依靠differdifference 不同enterentrance 进入existexistence 存在guideguidance 指导insureinsurance 保险occuroccurrence 发
10、生performperformance 履行preferpreference 优先权，偏好referreference 参考resistresistance 抵制toleratetolerance 容忍2019天津卷书面表达Personally，Id want to learn about western painting. Several reasons may account for my preference.就我个人而言，我想学习西方绘画。有几个原因可以解释我偏好西方绘画的原因。4ion/tion表示状态或行为adoptadoption 采纳，收养attractattraction 吸
11、引，吸引力actaction 行动collectcollection 收集competecompetition 比赛，竞争connectconnection 连接constructconstruction 建设describedescription 描述directdirection 方向，指导editedition 编辑，版本electelection 选举exhibitexhibition 展览expectexpection 期待；期望intendintention 打算，意图interruptinterruption 打断instructinstruction 指令introducein
12、troduction 介绍objectobjection 反对protectprotection 保护produceproduction 生产preventprevention 防止reactreaction 反应receivereception 接收，接待处recognizerecognition 认出rejectrejection 驳斥reducereduction 减少repeatrepeation 重复suggestsuggestion 建议selectselection 挑选contributecontribution 贡献devotedevotion 致力promotepromot
13、ion 促进satisfysatisfaction 满足2018北京高考书面表达All the international students were quite interested in my introduction.所有的国际学生都对我的介绍很感兴趣。2017全国卷阅读D We all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down.我们都必须接受，随着年龄的增长，我们的反应会变慢。5ation表示状态或行为accelerateacceleration 加速adaptadaptation 改编，适应applyapp
14、lication 申请，应用appreciateappreciation 欣赏，感激associateassociation 联想，协会celebratecelebration 庆祝congratulatecongratulation 祝贺combinecombination 结合communicatecommunication 交流concentrateconcentration 集中considerconsideration 考虑conserveconservation 保护declaredeclaration 宣布decoratedecoration 装饰determinedetermi
15、nation 决定donatedonation 捐赠educateeducation 教育examineexamination 考试expectexpectation 期待explainexplanation 解释exploreexploration 探索formformation 形成frustratefrustration 沮丧graduategraduation 毕业imagineimagination 想象indicateindication 指出informinformation 通知inspireinspiration 激发，灵感investigateinvestigation 调
16、查inviteinvitation 邀请hesitatehesitation 犹豫liberateliberation 解放locatelocation 定位motivatemotivation 动力relaxrelaxation 放松，休闲observeobservation 观察occupyoccupation 占用，职业operateoperation 操作，手术organizeorganization 组织realizerealization 实现，领悟participateparticipation 参加preparepreparation 准备pronouncepronunciat
17、ion 发音recommendrecommendation 推荐starvestarvation 挨饿separateseparation 分离transporttransportation 运输translatetranslation 翻译2018江苏高考阅读CWe at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation.我们在美国青年农会需要广泛的支持，因为我们敦促国会加强农田保护。2016江苏高考写作Things will turn for the better if we
18、can work out some participation rules for people to obey.如果我们能制定出一些参与规则，让人们遵守，情况就会好转。6sion表示行为和状态admitadmission 承认decidedecsion 决定discussdiscussion 讨论expressexpression 表达expandexpansion 扩大extendextension 延伸impressimpression 印象permitpermission 允许possesspossession 拥有，财产tensetension 紧张decidedecision 决定
19、depressdepression 沮丧discussdiscussion 讨论dividedivision 分配2019全国卷阅读DGordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.戈登说，HUNCH计划对大学录取和实际生活技能有影响。2019全国卷七选五If you are in need of a deadline extension，simply explain the situation to the professor.如果你需要延长期限，简单地向教
20、授解释一下这情况。7ment表示“行为、结果”等accomplishaccomplishment 成就，完成achieveachievement 完成advertiseadvertisement 广告agreeagreement 同意amazeamazement 惊奇announceannouncement 通告appointappointment 约会；任命argueargument 争论； 论据arrangearrangement 安排astonishastonishment 吃惊assessassessment 评估developdevelopment 发展disappointdisap
21、pointment 失望employemployment 雇佣encourageencouragement 鼓舞entertainentertainment 款待，娱乐equipequipment 装备governgovernment 统治，政府improveimprovement 改进judgejudgment 判断managemanagement 管理punishpunishment 惩罚requirerequirement 要求settlesettlement 定居，定居处statestatement 阐述，陈述treattreatment 对待，治疗unemployunemployme
22、nt 失业She noted with amazement how closely her own life mirrored her mothers.她惊讶地注意到她的生活简直就是她母亲生活的翻版。2019全国卷阅读AThrough the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service.通过开展夏季就业机会项目，省级公共服务每年给学生提供各种各样的就业岗位。Eac
23、h citizen will have the right to enjoy the free medical treatment from the government.每个公民都将有权享受政府提供的免费医疗待遇。8ure表示行为和状态departdeparture 离开exposeexposure 暴露failfailure 失败mixmixture 混合presspressure 压力pleasepleasure 快乐signsignature 签名2018全国卷阅读CThis creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mix
24、ture of modern and traditional Chinese elements (元素)由于融合了现代和中国传统元素，这一创作吸引了很多关注。2017江苏高考He tried to hide his obvious pleasure from the music teacher, who had wandered over to listen.他试图不让已经踱步到了他的面前，来听他弹奏的音乐老师看到他那种明显的快乐。9ing结尾的名词belongbelongings 财产crosscrossing 十字路口feelfeeling 感受farmfarming 农业findfind
25、ing 发现greetgreeting 问候meanmeaning 意思paintpainting 绘画shootshooting 射击suffersuffering 痛苦traintraining 训练warmwarming 变暖“You cant judge a book by its cover，” as the old saying goes.正如老话所说：“勿以貌取人”。Good public speaking training can help you express yourself more effectively.良好的公开演讲训练有助于更有效地提高你的表达能力。10其他常见
26、变化choosechoice 选择varyvariety 各种式样tendtendency 趋势，趋向growgrowth 生长marrymarriage 婚姻storestorage 储存carrycarriage 客车房，运输packpackage 包裹passpassage 通道postpostage 邮资，邮费2019天津卷阅读DMost of us，in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives.事实上，我们大多数人都在逐步缩小我们生活的多样性。三、形容词与副词1形容词副词形容词转化为副词的规律形容词后缀lyclearcl
27、early, greatgreatly, quickquickly, slowslowly, loudloudly, suddensuddenly, shyshyly以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变成i再加lyhappyhappily, easyeasily, heavyheavily, angryangrily, luckyluckily, noisynoisily词尾为le的形容词，去掉e，再加yterribleterribly, possiblepossibly, gentlegently, probableprobably, comfortablecomfortably, respo
28、nsibleresponsibly“元音字母e”结尾的，去掉e再加lytruetruly词尾为ll的形容词，直接加yfullfully, dulldully词尾为ic的形容词，加allybasicbasically, scientificscientifically2.形容词、副词的比较等级比较等级的构成规则情况规则例词比较级最高级一般的单词在词尾加er在词尾加estcoldcoldercoldest以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾加r在词尾加stnicenicernicest以“辅音字母y”结尾的单词把y变成i再加er把y变成i再加esthappyhappierhappiest; unluc
29、kyunluckierunluckiest以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的单词双写辅音字母，再加er双写辅音字母，再加estbigbiggerbiggest; thinthinnerthinnest多音节词和部分双音节词在单词前加more在单词前加mostslowlymore slowlymost slowly少数双音节词以及以er或le结尾的词在词尾加er或r，或在单词前加more在词尾加est或st，或在单词前加mostclevercleverer/more clevercleverest/most clever; tendertenderer/more tendertenderest/most tender; simplesimpler/more simplesimplest/most simple不规则变化good/wellbetterb
