1、初中现在完成时态讲解及练习 初三语法专项训练：此刻完成时用法小结此刻完成时的构成：助动词 have（has）+ 过去分词，1表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对此刻造成的影响或结果。比方：I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对此刻造成的结果是“衣服干净了” ）此刻完成常常用的时间状语有： already （”已经” 用于必定句的中间和尾端处）never (“从不” 用于中间处 )ever （”以前” 用于疑问句和必定句的中间处）just (“方才” 用于中间处 )yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的尾端处 / “还” 用于否定句的
2、尾端处 )此刻完成时与一般过去时的用法比较此刻完成时表示过去的动作向来连续到此刻甚至会连续下去或表示过去的动作对此刻造成的影响；一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明此刻的情况：飞机在这儿）The plane arrived a quarter ago.飞机是一刻中以前来的。（重申换作发生的时间在过去）I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。 （表示十五年前的动作向来连续到此刻，还可能会连续。 ）I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教
3、过一年。（表示“我“此刻已经不在这儿任教了）练习：I翻译以下句子： 1.你以前吃过鱼和薯条吗？2.我方才丢了我的化学书。3.我以前向来没去过那个农场。4.他已经吃过午饭了。5.你已经看过这部电影了吗？6.我哥哥还没回来。7.我上星期看过这部电影。8.在 1992 年他住在这里。II 用过去时或此刻完成时填空：1.“ _ you _ (have) lunch ? “ Yes.”“When _ you _ (have) it? ” “I _ (have) it at12:00. ”2.“ _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“Yes, I _. I
4、 _ (write) one last week.”3.“ _ he _ (finish) his homework? “ Not yet”. ”4.“ _ they ever _ (be) abroad? “ Yes,”just once.”5.Your father _ just _ (finish) his work.6.Your father _ (finish) his work just now.7.Last term I _ (learn) many English words.8.They _ (not read) the interesting books yet.9.He
5、_ never _ (go) to the science museum.10._ you ever _ (drink) coke?11. “ _ you _ (buy) a dictionary?“ Yes, I“.”“Where _ you _ (buy) it?“I”(buy) it in abookstore.”“When _ you _ (buy) it?“ Yesterday”.” Since 和 for 的用法表示过去已经开始连续到此刻的动作或状态常用的时间状语有： for, since, howlong, so far, these days等。Since+过去点的时间， fo
6、r+ 一段时间（数词 +量词），此划线部分用 how long 提问。一、 since 短语或从句表示过去的动作连续到此刻， since此后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生向来在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college他.上大学以来大体学了五千个英语单词。二、 for 短语表示动作连续多长时间， for 的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years.我们认
7、识有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time. 我许久没有见到她了。练习：用 since 和 for 填空1)_ two years2)_ two years ago3)_ last month4)_ 19995)_ yesterday6)_ 4 o clock7)_ 4 hours8)_ an hour ago 9) _ we were children10) _ lunch time11) _ she left here1.He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2.I knownve him _ w
8、e were children.3.Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4.She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5.It s about ten years _ she left the city.2.短暂性变换连续性arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1) He got to Beijing
9、five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _.2) I moved to the USA last year.I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.3) I went home yesterday.I _ _ _ home for _ _.4) They came here last week.They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go outbe out1) He came out two years ago.He _ _ _ for _ _.2) We retur
10、n to Fuzhou yesterday.We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1) I became a teacher in 2000.I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2) The river became dirty last year.The river _ _ dirty for _ _.close be closed open be open 1) The shop closed two hours ago.The shop _ _ _ for _ _. 2) The door opened at six in the morni
11、ng.The door _ _ _ for six hours.get up be up die be deadleave sw. be away from sw.fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep finish/end be over marry be married1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.2) He left Fuzhou just now.He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for five minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _
12、 _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago.I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990.They _ _ _since _.start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on1)I began to teach at this school in 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2)The film began two
13、minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for _ _.borrowkeeplosenot havebuyhaveput onwearcatch/get a cold have a coldget to knowknow1) They borrowed it last week.They _ _ it since _ _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago.I _ _ a pen for _ _.3) I got to know him last year. I _ _ him since _ _.4) I put on my glasses thre
14、e years ago.I _ _ my glasses for _ _.have/has gone to have been in1) He has gone to Beijing.He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.join the league/the Party/the army be a league/a Party member/a soldierbe a member of the league/the Partybe in the league/the Party/the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _
15、_ a _ _ for two years.He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.He _ _ _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _ _ a _ for _ _.My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.3.汉译英1）这本字典我已买了三年了。2）他走开中国三年了。3）我认识他们五年了。4）他们已去了美国五年了。5）自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。6）他们已经结婚 10 年。7）我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。 8
16、）这会已开了多长时间了？9）这门已经关了两天了。10）我入团 2 年了。I _ _ _ two years ago.I _ _ a _ _ for two years.I _ _ a _ of _ _ fortwo years.I _ _ _ the _ for two years.11）自从 1999 年以来他们就认识。12）我抵达农场已 5 年了。4.划线提问1) I have been there for two days._ _ _ you _ _ ?2) My father has lived here since 2000._ _ _ your father _ _?3) He l
17、eft here yesterday._ _ he _ _?4) They bought a book two hours ago._ _ they _ a book?have been in, have been to与 have gone to 的用法一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间” ，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如： since, for, how long 等。比方：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。其他还有这些搭配： have been here (there) /a
18、t home (school) /on the farm have been here (there) / abroad二、have(has)been to表示“以前往过某地”，此刻已经不在那处了。可与 just, ever,never 等连用，比方： I have just been to the post office. 我刚刚去邮局了。Mary has never been to the Great Wall.玛丽从未去过长城。Have you ever been to Hangzhou?你以前往过杭州吗？have(has) been to 后边可接次数，表示去过某地几次。比方：I ha
19、ve been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。They have been to that village several times.他们去过那个农村好几次了。三、 have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。比方： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。Jack Johnson has gone to London.杰克 .约翰逊到伦敦去了。练习：I. 用 have(ha
20、s) been 或 have(has) gone 填空。A:Where _ Li Fei _?B:He _ to Hainan Island.A:How long _ he _ there?B:He _ there for three days.A: When will he come back , do you know?B: I m afraid he won t come back. recentlyA: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _ never _ there.A:How many times _ L
21、i Fei _ to that place?B:He _ there only once.II. 用 have/has been to/in, have gone to及 go 的各种形式填空。1)Where is Jack? He _ his country.2)David _ the park just now.3)John _ England since he came back.4)How long _ have _ this village?5)The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ the
22、re many times.7)I _ this school since three years ago.8)Where is Jim? He _ the farm.9)When_ he _? He _ an hour ago.10)Would you like to _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now? - I _ the zoo.12)He often _ swimming.13)_ you _ there last year?14)_ they often _ skating in winter?III.翻译以下句子：1.他已经来中国三年多了。2.他们出国两个月了。3.我向来没去过长城。 4.你以前出过国吗？5.他已经去图书馆了。6.他来这儿五年了。7.昨天他去了公园。8.“你要去哪里？” “我要去学校。”9.他常常去游泳。综合练习 :I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空1.I have _ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
