1、中考语法总结1学智教育教师备课手册教师姓名戴艳娟学生姓名李威填写时间 2012年5月4日 学科 英语年级初三上课时间周六：10：00-12：00课时计划2小时 教学目标教学内容语法-名词；分析试卷；完形、阅读分析个性化学习问题解决完形阅读教学重点、难点 教学过程课堂练习 Step 1 Greeting1. 分析试卷；2. 背诵七上units1-9词组； Step 2 Grammar名词专题1、名词的分类名词分为普通名词和专有名词，其中普通名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。普通名词 种类 意义 例词可数名词个体名词表示个别人或事物的名称table lawyer cat sister boy .集体
2、名词表示一群人或许多东西的总称People class army family不可数名词物质名词表示物质或材料的总称Water sun snow hair 抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、情感等抽象名词hope health love weather 专有名词专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、国家、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称，其中实词的首字母必须大写。如：John Tom China Beijing the Communist Party of China 注意：专有名词一般不加冠词，通常也没有复数形式。但若表示某姓的一家人或同姓、同名的若干人，可以加冠词或有复数形式。例如：Smith has a
3、lready left for Hongkong. The Smith are coming to our party tonight. There are two Toms in our class.注意：专有名词有时也可以当普通名词用，但是意义不同。 China 中国 china 瓷器 He is a living Lei Feng.他是一个活雷锋。2、名词的数可数名词的数1.规则变化 情况 构成方法 例词一般情况加-smap-maps bag-bagscar-cars以s,ss,x,ch,sh等结尾的词加-esbus-busesclass-classesbox-boxeswatch-wa
4、tchesbrush-brushes以-f或-fe结尾的名词多数将-f和-fe变v加-esknife-knivesleaf-leavesthief-thieves以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变为i再加-esfactory-factoriesbaby-babiesuniversity-universities以0结尾的词有生命的+espotato-potatoestomato-tomatoeshero-heroes无生命+szoo-zoosradio-radiospiano-pianosphoto-photos2.不规则变化 元音发生变化man-men; woman-women; tooth-te
5、eth; foot-feet; goose-geese; mouse-mice词尾发生变化 child-children单复数形式相同 fish;sheep;deer;Chinese;yuan;jin;注意：fish作鱼肉讲时不可数，没有复数。有时也可用fishes指各种不同种类的鱼，如果指一种鱼时，单复数相同。形似单数，实为复数意义，做集体概念用。 people,police由man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也为-men,-women. Frenchmen;Englishmen注意：apple tree-apple trees shoe factory-shoe factorie
6、s只做单数使用，但以复数形式出现 maths,physics;the united states;glasses;trousers;pants-裤子.3、不可数名词1.物质名词：water;rice;tea;milk;food;fruit;meat;fish;chicken;beef;mutton;orange;sugar;salt;paper;bread;juice等2.抽象名词： news;music;time;information 3.加计量的词a cup of tea;two bags of rice;a piece of paper;a piece of news等 4.不可数名词
7、不能与数词或不定冠词a/an连用。 5.注意有些名词既可以作可数名词，也可以作不可数名词 fish ;time;glass;orange;room;noise;chicken等4、名词的格 1.单数名词+sthe boys mother;the dogs face2.不以s结尾的复数名词后加s the Childrens Palace 少年宫 mens clothes 男装3.以s结尾的复数名词加 the birds nests 鸟巢 the teachers desks4.并列名词表示各自所属时在两个名词之后都加s Marys and Toms fathers5.表示共同所属时在最后一个名词
8、后加s Mary and Toms father6.表示店铺、某某家、诊所的名词所有个后面，一般省去被修饰的名词 at his brothers at the doctors at the barbers7.用所有格表示时间或距离的方法 ten minutes drive; a months holiday8.用所有格表示节日的方法 Teachers Day;Childrens Day注意：除了父亲节和母亲节外，其他节日都用名词复数的所有格表示，因为爸爸妈妈每个人只有一个，所以不用复数。如：Mothers Day;Fathers Day9.以of 构成的短语所有格形式 a picture of
9、 mine;a photo of my family;the door of the classroom10.以to构成的短语 the key to the door;the answer to the question;the ticket to the game11.of+ -s所有格/名词性物主代词 构成双重所有格 Tom is a friend of mine. Thats a piece of Mozarts.1. They got much _ from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. news D. stories 解析: much
10、是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2. I have two _ and three bottles of _ here. A. orange, orange B. oranges, oranges C. oranges, orange D. orange, oranges解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。3. Every evening M r. King takes a _ to his home . A. 25 mi
11、nutes walk B. 25 minutes walk C. 25 minute walk D. 25 minutes walk解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+,而不能+s,因此选A。4. An old _ wants to see you. A. people B. person C. the people D. the person 解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同. “一个人”用 “a person”,“两个人” 用 “two persons”; people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people
12、指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”. 应选B。5. Help yourself to _. A. chickens and apples B. chickens and apple C. chicken and apple D. chicken and apples解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _. A. rooms number B. rooms number C. room numbers D. rooms
13、numbers解析: room number 房间号码. room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词 . 类似的还有my phsics teacher,two bus drivers 等. 应选C。7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _. A. family B. house C. home D. room解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员; house指的是房子(住所); room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8. _ mothers couldnt go to t
14、he meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai . A. Mary and Peters B. Mary and Peter C. Marys and Peter D. Marys and Peters解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9. Li Lei has been to _ many times this month. A. her uncle B. her uncles C. her uncles D. aunts 解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”. 表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面
15、的名词.因此选B。10. He is a success as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching. A. many experiences B. much experience C. an experience D. a lot experience解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词. 本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C. 又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。11. A classmate of _ was
16、here ten minutes ago. A. you B. your C. your sister D. your sisters解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。12. A group of _ are talking with two _. A. Frenchmen, Germans B. Germans ,Frenchmans C. Frenchmans , Germen D. Germen , Frenchmen 解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen; German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team _ havi
17、ng a meeting . A. is B. are C. am D. be解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组) , 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。14. “Would you like _?” “_, please.” A. drink, Three coffees B. a cup of drink, Coffees C. a drink, A coffee D. a drink, Three cups of coffees解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用of来表示数量, eg, three cups of
18、 coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示“一杯”因此选C。15. The Great Wall was made not only by _, but also the flesh and blood of _ men. A.earth and stone, millions of B. earths and stones, millions C. the earth and stone, million of D. the earths and stones, millions解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of . 因此选A。练习与巩固：熟能
19、生巧，取得好成绩！ 选择最佳答案：1 Last night, there was a food accident. The _ were ill, but no _ were lost. A. child, lives B. children, life C. children, lives D. child, life 2. -This is a photo of _ when they were young. -OK, how happy they both looked! A. my father and mother B. my mother and fathers C. my mot
20、hers and fathers D.my fathers and my mother 3. The new student is in _ , Grade Two. A. Class Third B. Third Class C. Class Three D. Three class 4. Today is September 10th. Its _ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers 5. The market isnt
21、 far from here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A.half an hours B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a half 6. - What would you like to drink, girls? - _, please. A.Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffe C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cups of coffees 7. During Christmas, people get together and si
22、ng Christmas songs for _. A. fun B. wishes C. interest D. thanks 8. Some _ are flying kites near the river. A. child B. boy C. boys D. childs 9. After the exam, well have_ holiday. A. two weeks B. two-weeks C. two weeks D. two weeks 10. They are those _ bags.Please put them on the bus. A. visitor B.
23、 visitors C. visitors D. visitors 11.- How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _. A. hundreds B. hundred C. hundred of D. hundreds of 12. -What do you think of the _ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven? - It sounds really wonderful. A. subject B. music C. book D. animal 13. There i
24、s not enough _ in the corner for the fridge. A. place B. room C. field D. ground 14. _ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A. Wool B. Pork C. Mutton D. Milk15. If you dont take more _, youll get fat. A. medicine B. lessons C. photos D. exercise16. My school is about twenty _ walk from he
25、re. A. minute B. minutes C. minutess D. minutes17. Mum, I have _ to tell you! A. a good news B. some good news C. some good newes D. much good news18. Which is the _ to the post office? A. street B. way C. road D. address19. I stayed at _ last Sunday. A. my uncles B. my uncles C. my uncles D. my unc
26、les family20. Maths _ not easy to learn. A. are B. is C. am D. were 21.There are threeand sevenin the picture. A. deers, sheeps B .deers, sheep C. deer, sheep D. deer, sheeps一、完形填空 AWhen I was about 12years old,I really wanted a new bike! I _1_my parents my birthday wish,but I knew there was little
27、hope because my family could_2_have that money.On my birthday my parents told me they had my_3_outside in the back yard.At once I_4_out to the yard.There was my bike,_5_it wasnt the bike that I thought it would be.This one was pink,old and worn with age.It was so_6_! I thought I _7_my parents feelin
28、gs because I could see the disappointment_8_from their faces and I was sure they could see it on mine.I_9_the old bike and rode it,feeling_10_that I had made my parents feel in this way.So I put on a smile,rode as fast as I could and didnt_11_.As time went by,I began to understand my parents gave me
29、 _12_much more than just a rusty-生锈的 old bike.They gave me a life lesson about_13_.When you give something out of love,it doesnt matter what it is in fact.What matters is the love that is in it.I like to remember this_14_because giving a gift is not about money.Its about how much love you can feel from it.Do remember ,a gift that_15_two dollars isnt any less valuable than one that costs one hundred dollars,or even more.( )1.A.talked B.spoke C.said D.told( )2.A.
