1、高考英语冲刺解密版To: 2009年 月 日 VIP学员补课专用 2012高考英语单选解题诀窍教案B铁西区Peter精品高分英语家教免费公益版 主编人：吴军最可能考的情态动词考频第一名：must/may/ could/ought to + have done “情态动词+完成形式”是高考中很常见的一类题目，需要注意：不同情态动词与完成形式搭配时表示的不同含义。【例1】- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned. - Oh, dear! She _ a
2、lot of difficulties! A.may go through B. might go through C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through检查对情态动词表示判断的掌握和运用能力。首先，对过去发生事情的判断用情态动词+完成形式；其次，ought to have done 表示“本应该”，即事情没有做，所以不符合语境。must have done 表示“肯定”。【例2】Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we_ it without
3、you. A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have前句中有last week 这个时间状语，可判断动作发生在过去，结合句意，用could have done 表示原本能够做某事。考频第二名：cancan 常用于表示“能够”，说明具有做某事的能力，但在近几年的高考中，can 常考的类型是用于表示可能性的“有时可能会”。【例1】It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _be rather cold sometimes. A. must B. can C
4、. should D. would这道题目的题干部分有 对一般情况的说明，用“usually”和“at times”表示，说明通常情况之外，有时候会出现某些可能，所以都用到“can”来表示有时可能会。考频第三名：should【例1】According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. may B. can C. would D. should考频第四名： neednt【例1】- I dont mind telling you what I know. - You .
5、Im not asking you for it. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. neednt考情态动词。前句话说： 我不介意告诉你我所知道的事。后句说：你没有必要告诉我，我并没有向你问此事。此时说没有必要，不表禁止。最可能考的几种非谓语动词考频第一名：过去分词充当定语和状语【例1】A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted空格中缺定语，所以是过去分词作定语，表被动和完成。合理句
6、意应是：一个人生在接受（警察）有关昨晚故意杀人事件的询问，attempt是“倾向，有意，企图“的意思，anattempted murder意为“有企图或有预谋的杀人”。空内所填的词应与murder有动宾关系。又如：a delayed flight（一次被推迟的航班），a newly-built park（一个新建的公园），人们可以推迟航班，新建公园，企图谋杀。其余三项均无法构成与murder的合理的动宾关系，故排除。【例2】_ in the mountains for a week, the two students werefinally saved by the local police.
7、 A. Having lostB. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing检查考生对非谓语动词的掌握和运用能力。首先，表示“失踪”用be lost；其次，语境中for a week，表示完成概念，所以用过去分词。 考频第二名：非谓语动词的完成形式 分词的完成式常体现在不同的非谓语动词形式中，常见：having done, to have done【例1】The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B. working C. to have wor
8、ked D. having worked本题考非谓语动词的完成形式。句中两个逗号中间的内容应是时间状语，故全句解释为：在国外工作了二十年后，这位老人（已动身）正在归国途中。不定式作状语，多表目的和结果，不合句意，排除A、C，分词作状语可表时间、方式、伴随。此处是已完成的主动的动作，不是正在进行当中的主动动作，所以排除B，选D，现在分词完成式表主动和完成（到谓语发生时，非谓语的动作已完成）。最可能考的定语从句考频第一名：非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句是高考的常见类型题，处理这类题目时，首先需要能准确辨别是否是定语从句，其次，判断出先行词部分，另外，还应注意考察部分是否存在其他考察内容。【例1】
9、He was educated at the local high school, _he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that此句显然考察定语从句，关键在于介词与从句的搭配，从句意来判断，用after which引导定语从句,which指上面的句子He was educated at the local high school,表示“在当地高中受教育后上了北京大学”。【例2】I will give you my friends home address, _ I c
10、an be reached most evenings. A. which B. when C. whom D. where句中的非限制性定语从句的形式决定了关系词不可能用到that，要求学生能准确判断先行词与定语从句的关系，句子应该理解为：“大多数晚上都能在这个地址找到我。”考频第二名：分隔性定语从句由于此类句式中先行词与定语从句被一些成分隔开，处理分隔性定语从句时，要点在于要能清楚认识到先行词究竟是哪部分。【例1】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _consumer complaints have resul
11、ted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which定语从句的先行词应为“cases”，句子表示：在这些案件中，顾客的抱怨导致了法律的改变。case常用于固定短语in this case中，所以，空格部分可填where 或 in which。【例2】For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further,_ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from wh
12、ich定语从句的先行词与定语从句距离较远，实为“cities”，结合非限制性定语从句和关系代词做介词宾语两点考虑，关系代词应该使用which，再结合句意判断出，New York 是世界上许多城市中的一个。因此，介词选用of. 最可能考的名词性从句考频第一名：what 引导的名词性从句【例1】_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As【例2】The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be
13、the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who两句中的what分别出现在主语从句和宾语从句中，需要注意的是第一句不是定语从句，不能误选As选项；第二句不能被they hope干扰，而that 在名词性从句中只能起到连接作用，不能充当句子成分。学生应牢记：what在名词性从句中能够充当句子中的某个成分：主语，宾语，表语，例如以上两句中的what 都充当了从句中的主语成分。考频第二名：where 引导的名词性从句【例1】The place _ the bridge is suppose
14、d to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which检查考生对逻辑关联用语的掌握和运用能力。第一空为介词+关系代词引导定语从句，表示桥在什么地方建；第二空为表语从句，表示地点，所以用连接词where。 最可能考的几种特殊句式英语中的特殊句式包括倒装句、强调句、省略句。近几年的高考中，以下几种题型值得关注。 考频第一名：It is/was that 构成的强调句【例1】It
15、 was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C.that D.where【例2】It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ Ifound we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 考频第二名：only 置于句首时构成的倒装句式【例1】I
16、t was announced that only when the fire was under control _to return to their homes. A. the residents would be permitted B. had the residents been permitted C. would the residents be permitted D. the residents had been permitted 宾语从句有only引导的时间状语置于句首时，句子主句部分应构成部分倒装句。同时根据句义能够判断出主句的时态不可能发生在the fire was
17、 under control之前，过去完成时显然不对。【例2】 _ you eat the correct foods _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.(A. Only if; will you B. Only if; you will C. Unless; will you D.Unless;you will这里的only 引导的是句中的条件状语if you eat the correct foods，并置于句首，应该构成倒装。Unless引导的句子则不需要构成倒装，所以C和D选项都不对。考频第三名：否定词位于句首时构成的倒装句式【例1】Bill
18、 wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason,and _. A. I was neither B. neither was I C. I was either D. either was I【例2】Never in my wildest dreams these people are living in such poor conditionsA. I could imagine B. could I imagine C. I couldnt imagine D. couldnt I imagine考频第四名：So/Suchthat 构
19、成的倒装句式【例1】_ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business这是另一个不是因句首有否定词而需构成倒装的结构，即：当so/suchthat结构中，so/such。位于句首时，主句部分的谓语动词构成部分倒装，that从句部分不改变。 特别注意：倒装句是近年高考单
20、选题中非常常见的一种类型题。考生首先应该能把部分倒装和完全倒装区分开。所谓部分倒装即把助动词、情态动词、be 动词放在主语前面，而保留主句谓语的剩余部分不变。在处理倒装句、强调句、省略句等特殊句式时，由于语序的变动，不少学生对此不熟悉，不习惯，建议可以先复原为陈述语序，再来做题。 Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention. 可复原为 A debate rarely attracted so much media attention. 这种方法还可适用于被动句、疑问句、感叹句等。最可能考的几类状语从句考频第一名：before引导的状语
21、从句尤其要注意“it+be+一段时间+before”这一句型。【例1】The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time _ we meet them again. A. after B. before C. since D. when【例2】 He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. si
22、nce D. that before可以作为连词，引导时间状语从句。用法灵活、译法多变，是高考的一个重要考点。第1题涉及的句式为：It will be a long time before，意思是“要过很久才会”；第2题涉及的句式为：it was some time before，意思是“在之前过了一段时间”，通常可转译为“要过一段时间才会”。注意的是：该句式中，主句和从句的时态有两种情况：如果主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时，意为“多长时间以后某事即将发生”；如果主句用过去时，从句也用过去时，意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。 考频第二名：while引导的状语从句【例1】_ I reall
23、y dont like art, I find his work impressive. A. As B. Since C. If D. Whilewhile引导让步状语从句,多用于句首。意为“尽管,虽然”。As虽然也可以表示“尽管,虽然”，但需要构成倒装结构。since和if的意义不通。易错警示：对于while用法最熟悉的为以下2种：“当时候，和同时”，引导时间状语从句；连接两个并列句子，表示“对比”关系。但while在此表示“尽管”“虽然”，（此时它引导的不是时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句考生要特别注意此类用法在完型填空的选项中出现！）。又如：While the work was diff
24、icult, it was interesting. 尽管工作有难度，但很有趣。/ While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you. 虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。 考频第三名：where引导的状语从句 where可以用于引导地点状语从句，其意为“在的地方”，此用法不熟悉，但高考经常考查，应引起特别注意。【例1】 If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B
25、. what C. when D. where引导词后的部分不缺少主语、宾语、定语等成分，也不能用what引导。when表示时间，where表示地点，根据题意应用where引导状语从句。【例2】 Mom, what did your doctor say? He advised me to live _ the air is fresher. (2006四川卷) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 由live可知，后接居住的地点，由where(的地方)引导一个地点状语从句。没有in where的说法，易排除A；因题干中没有选行
26、词，怎么可能用in which引导定语从句呢？排除B；又因live与the place之间须用in，排除C。句意是“他建议我要住在空气更新鲜的地方。”易错警示：这种类型的题目，学生应该学会区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句的差别。不少考生容易以定式思维轻易判断句子在考察定语从句，而忽略了两者的差别。请记住：如用in which ,句中缺少了定语从句所修饰的先行词，如用 the place where ,place前又缺少了介词。 最可能考的几个代词考频第一名： 做形式主语或形式宾语的it【例1】_ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind.
27、 AThis BThat CWhat DIt【例2】He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it D. these 考频第二名：对等比较中的that【例1】Little joy can equal _ of a surprising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some【例2】The English spoken in the United States is only slightl
28、y different from _ spoken in England。 A. which B. what C. that D. the one易错警示：对等比较在很多考生看来就只有出现在比较级中，其实不然英语中常考的表示对等比较的短语有：equal, be different from, the same as, be superior to, be inferior to等。对等比较中的单数名词或不可数名词用that, 其中单数名词也可用the one,复数用the ones 或those。 考频第三名： none【例1】What do you think of the performa
29、nce today? Great! _but a musical genius could perform so successfully. (2007 江西卷) A. All B. None C. Anybody D. Everybody none but somebody的意思是only a particular person or type of person【例2】Of all the books on the desk, _ is of any use for our study. A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none易错警示：在这类试题的选项中经常会出现：no one, none, nothing等词汇的比较。no one指的是没有人，常用于回答who的问句，但是no one不能用于of结构；none指上文所提到的人或物在数量上没有，可以用于of结构；nothing只能指物，表示什么都没有。理清关系，把握考点是关键。 考频第四名：one【例1】Liu Xiangs break the record in the Asian Games w
