1、词汇笔记词语大辨析词语大辨析-abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的放弃之意abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋 eg.forsake ones wife and children遗弃妻儿;forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指停止 eg.quit work停止工作 1.His presence of mind never deserted him.
2、他从不失去镇静.2.Despite some difficulties,theyre not going to abandon the plan. 尽管他们遇到了一些困难,但并不打算放弃这个计划.3.Quit it out!住嘴./住手.4.Arnold Schwarzenegger has forsook the theater for politics.阿诺德施瓦辛格弃艺从政了词语大辨析-accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的装饰品之意accessory 常作pl.指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)decoration 指为了装饰
3、某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换) 1.The hall is decorated with flowers and flags.大厅里装饰着鲜花和旗帜.(此句也能用ornament替换.)2.The Christmas tree was decorated with shinning ornaments such as colored lights and glass balls.圣诞树被一些闪亮的装饰物点缀着,如彩灯和玻璃球.3.She wore a green wool suit with matching
4、accessories.她穿了一件绿色的羊毛套装,佩戴着得体的首饰.4.Can you help me to garnish a fish with slices of lemon.你能帮我在鱼上加配柠檬片吗?(garnish多用于对烹饪、菜式的装饰,如加调味料,加配材料等) 词语大辨析-: accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有完成之意accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结
5、、终止1.We tried to settle the arguement but accomplished nothing.我们试图解决争端,但未成功.2.The term will end early in July.学期将在七月初结束.3.The building was finished in 1962.大厦建成于1962年.4.When will the work be completed.工作什么时候完结?5.I have finished the book.我读完了那本书.I have completed a book.我写完了一本书. 词语大辨析-.accurate，corre
6、ct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的正确,精确之意accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带吹毛求疵的贬义 1.His painting is a/an exact copy of the origina
7、l.他的画是与原作丝毫不差的临摹作品.2.Laser technology has enhanced the precision of many surgical procedures.激光技术已大大提高了外科手术的精确度.3.We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.我们希望能更准确地预测地震.(be accurate in 在方面很精确)4.Its the correct thing to do.正应如此.5.One of his eyes was injured in an accident,but after a
8、 delicate operation,he quickly recovered his sight.他的一只眼睛在事故中受伤,但经过精细的手术以后很快恢复了视力. 词语大辨析-.accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的指控,控告之意accuse accuse sb. of doing sth.为指责某人,控告某人charge charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人indict 具体用法见练习3、4、5句 1.The soldier was accused of running away when the enemy attacked.这个士兵被指控为临阵逃脱
9、.2. He charged me with negligence of duty.他指控我玩忽职守.3.The police indicted him as a rioter.警察指控他为扰乱治安者.(indict sb. as指控某人为)4.His company indicted him for sabotage他公司告发他的破坏行为.(indict sb for sth.告发某人)5.He was indicted on a charge of murder.他因犯杀人罪被起诉.(sb. be indicted on a charge of 因犯被告发)词语大辨析-.achieve,a
10、cquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的获得,达到之意achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西 1.After so many years of hard work,he finally achieved success.经过这么多年努力,他终于获得了成功.2.She has acqu
11、ired some very unpleasant habits recently.她最近养成了一些不良的习惯.3.In typhoon,winds attain a speed greater than 120 km per hour.发生台风时,风速每小时高达120公里.4.In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result.在第二次试验中他们的到了一个非常清楚的结果.5.No gains without pains.不劳则无获.6.She acquired a good knowledge of English from
12、Mr. Chens lectures.他从陈教授的讲座中学到很多英语知识.词语大辨析-.acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的承认之意acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等 1.He concededthat the statement was true in an argument.他
13、在辩论中承认对方的说法是正确的.(有点不情愿的承认)2.She acknowledged having been at fault.他承认自己曾犯过错误.3.The new law was generally admitted to be difficult to enforce.大家普遍认为,新的法律很难实施.(admit后面可跟名词或动名词作宾语,不根不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾补.此句中admit为被动结构,所以用to be difficult to enforce作主语补语.)4.Although they had suffered heavy losses,they refused
14、 to concede defeat.虽然他们已遭受惨重损失,但还是不肯认输.5.Finally he has to confess himself guilty.最终他不得不认罪.(confess oneself认罪)6.Mr.Zhang was recognized as the legitimate representative of the company.张先生背城认为公司的合法代表. 词语大辨析-affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的宣称，断言之意affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主
15、观自信地宣称allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某一观点 1.Politicians more often affirm their desire for retirement than show that they really mean it.政治家经常声称他们想退休,但未必是真的.2.The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighbourhood.嫌疑犯生成案发时他并不在现场.3.He asserted his belief that she was inno
16、cent.他坚持自己的想法,她是无辜的.4.He asserted that this could be done.他宣称这是可行的.5.Dont claim to know what you dont know.不要强不知以为知. 词语大辨析-alarm,dread,fear,fright,horror,panic,terror都含有一定的惊恐之意alarm 惊恐,忧虑,指突然遇到危险产生的紧张,害怕,惊慌失措的心理状态,也可指一般的担心忧虑 (take/feel alarm at因而惊恐)dread 担忧,惧怕,多指因预料有危险和不愉快的事面临而产生的不安心情,比fear更为强烈的恐惧fe
17、ar 表示恐惧最普通的用语,指遇到危险或灾难内心感到不安或发慌fright 指突然的惊恐horror 令人毛骨悚然,使人极其厌恶的恐怖(常用于强调表现出恐怖的现象或行为,而不强调引起恐怖的原因)panic 恐慌(指吃惊以后随之而来的不知所措,神经几乎失控的状态)terror 恐怖(指个人安全受到严重威胁时所产生的巨大恐惧及惊骇) 1.There is nothing to get alarmed about.没什么可大惊小怪的.2.She had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.他总是担心遇上意外事故.3.Our cat fea
18、rs dogs.我们家的猫怕狗.4.I dont frighten easily.我不会轻易受惊的.5.They watch with horror as the tightrope walker struggled to remain his balance.他们心惊肉跳得看着走钢丝绳的演员摇摇晃晃地在恢复平衡. 6.All the residents of the town panicked when there was a big fire in the supermarket.超市的一场大火震惊了全镇居民.(panic的过去式为panicked)7.She was terrified
19、out of her senses.她吓得魂不附体. 词语大辨析-alter,change,convert,modify,shift,transform,vary都含有一定的改变之意alter 改变,变更,指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动,而没有变成另一种事物change 改变,变更,指位置,性质,外表,形式或是数量与质量等改变.常与into连用.convert 使转变,变化,一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化,而不是本质上的巨大变化,也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰.这个词义是其他词所没有的modify 修改,变更,较正式,常用以表示意见,计划或形式,质量方面不大的变化shift 指
20、位置或方向的移动,改变transform 指外形或面貌的改变,彻底改变性格,性质等vary 改变,不同,有区别,变化 1.If your coat is too long,the tailor can alter it to fit you.如果你的衣服太大,裁缝会给你改的合身.2.Greatchanges have taken place since he left.他走后变化很大. 3 He used to be a Christian,but he is now.converted to Buddhism.他过去是一个基督教徒,现在改信佛教. 4.Prices that vary wit
21、h the quality.价格随质量不同而变化.(vary with随而变化)5.The wind has shifted from north to south.风向从北转到了南. 6.Many military factories have been transformed into civil ones in order to meet the needs of the country.为了适应国情的需要,我们把很多军用工厂改成了民用工厂.7.The inventormodified his original design in order to increase the machin
22、es efficiency.发明者改变原来的设计目的是提高机器的效率. 词语大辨析-alternative,choose,pick,select都含有一定的选择之意alternative adj. n. 供选择的,抉择,供选择的东西.指在两者之间进行选择,两者选一的choose 适用范围最广,指从众多的对象中挑选,这中挑选常取决于个人的意志与判断,不强调客观标准.它所选择的对象可以是不同种类的,可以是有形的或无形的.还常带有最终选定的含义,即表示选定候不再变化.pick 口头用语,指仔细地,精心地选择,含有挑剔的意思.一般指挑选有形的东西select 语气比choose重,多用于正式场合.指仔
23、细地,审慎地精选,强调客观性,而不是主观性.所挑选的对象可以是有形或无形的,但一定是同种类的. 1.He selected an appropriate birthday card for his mother.他给母亲精心挑选了一张合适的生日卡.2.Children shouldnt pick food.孩子不应该挑食.(pick off摘去,采取) 3 He chose Miss Lilyfor his wife.他选择了莉丽小姐作为他的妻子.(从本句可以看出choose常带有最终选定的含义这一点) 4.When traveling,you are advised to take trav
24、elers checks,which provide a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash.建议你旅游时带旅行支票,那样要比带现金安全.5.Im to pick out a few good books to send to my friend.我要挑选几本好书给我的朋友.(pick up收拾整理,用车接人 pick out挑选,拣出 pick at吃一点点,无食欲地吃) 词语大辨析-altitude,aptitude,attitude,latitude都非常形近altitude 高度,海拔(an altitude of 20,
25、000 metres above sea level海拔20,000米)aptitude 才能,智力,倾向,习性attitude 态度,看法latitude 纬度(longitude经度) 1.Beavers have an aptitude for building dams.水獭有筑坝的习性.2.She takes the attitude that Children should be allowed to learn at their own pace. 她采取的态度就是应该允许孩子们按照自己的节奏学习.3 He has an aptitude for languages.他有学语言的
26、才能.4.Whats yourattitudetowards this question?你对这个问题有什么看法? 5.Taipei is located at 121.7 degrees east longitude and 25 degrees northlatitude.台北位于东经121.7度,北纬25度.6.The pilot is exercising the altitudeflight.飞行员正在练习高空飞行. 词语大辨析-announce, declare, proclaim都含有一定的宣布之意announce 指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家
27、大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻declare 指在庄严场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度proclaim 指官方事务中当局对大众所作的重要宣布其实,三个词之间有时也可经常互换使用. 1.Everyone was silent as he announced the winner of the competition.当他宣布竞赛的获胜者时,大家都静静地倾听.2.The government declared war on the drug dealers.政府向毒品贩子宣战.(declare war on/against向宣战;proclaim war宣战)3
28、.They proclaimed him a model worker.它们宣布他为劳动模范. 4.The chairman declared the exhibition open.主席宣布展览会开幕.(本句感觉也可用announced,你认为呢?)5.The Congress of the Communist Party of China was announced to mee词语大辨析-ample, adequate, plentiful,sufficient都含有一定的足够,丰富之意ample 指不仅能达到应有的程度,满足需要,而且还有余,一般不修饰数量不定的名词(ample tim
29、e充裕的时间;an ample basket of fruit满满一篮水果;ample space宽敞的空间)adequate 足够的,充分的,指数量和质量上复合一个特定的标准或不太高的要求plentiful 丰富的,很多的,富裕的sufficient 尤指程度上多到能满足或达到某种特殊需要,特别是精神上的需要 1.There is ample evidence to suggest that the lawyer in question knew exactly what she was doing.有充分证据表明那个正在提问的律师确实知道她在做什么.(ample evidence充分证据)
30、2.By law,when one makes a large purchase,he should have adequate opportunity to change his mind.根据法律,当一个人进行大宗购买时,他应该有充分的机会改变自己的注意.3.The supply is not adequate to the demand.供不应求.4.He has acquired sufficient proficiency to read Chinese literary works.他已获得足够能力阅读中国文学著作.5.A plentiful harvest is in sight
31、.丰收在望.(plentiful/good harvest丰收) 词语大辨析-amplify, enhance, enlarge,expand,magnify都含有一定的扩大,提高之意amplify 放大,扩大,增强,指放大,增强(信号等)enhance 提高,增强,指(价格,力量,吸引力,声望)等的增加,提高.enlarge 指体积,大小,范围,能力等方面的增加expand 既可指数量上或体积上的增加,也可用来之前后左右上下任何方向的扩大,也指知识的增长,生意的扩大magnify 指放大,扩大(声音,照片等) 1. Human knowledge has greatly expanded in the last 30 years which enables people to achieve more and live more comfortably.过去30年人类的知识已经有了很大的增长,这就使得人们能够取得更大的成就,生活也更舒适了.2. Please amplify a radio signal.请放大无线电信号.3. The republication of the poets most recent works will certainly enhance his national reputation
