1、英语时态总结时态 - 十六种时态所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段，即：现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种；所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时说呈现的状态，有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态或完成进行状态四种。由时和态结合，便形成下列十六种时态： 一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，一般过去将来时； 现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，过去将来进行时； 现在完成时，过去完成时，将来完成时，过去将来完成时； 现在完成进行时，过去完成进行时，将来完成进行时，过去将来完成进行时（1）一般现在时基本形式（以do为例）： 第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语动词原形其他； He
2、works for us. 否定句：主语dont/doesnt动词原形其他； He doesnt work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does主语动词原形其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（ 主语do/does） 否定回答：No，（主语dont/doesnt.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt What does he do for us? He works for us. （2）一般过去时be动词行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词，或waswerenot；
3、was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词 例如： Did he work for us? He didnt work for us. He worked for us. （3）一般将来时amareisgoing todo 或 willshalldo am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to 动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：H
4、e is going to work for us. He will work for us； He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子！ (4)过去将来时be（was，were）going to+动词原形 be（was，were）about to+动词原形 be（was，were）to+动词原形 肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形. 否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形. 疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形？ 肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形.
5、否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形. 疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形？ He would work for us. (5)现在进行时主语+be+v.ing现在分词形式(其中v表示动词) 表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事。 例如：I am buying a book. 第一人称+am+doing+sth 第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式） 第三人称+is+doing+sth 例：He is working. (6)过去进行时肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它 否定句：主语+was/were+
6、not+doing+其它 一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasnt/werent. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它 He was working when he was alive. (7)将来进行时主语+will + be +现在分词 He will be working for us.=He will work for us. (8)过去将来进行时should(would)+be+现在分词 He said that he would be working for us.
7、=He said that he would work for us. (9)现在完成时基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他 He has worked for us for ten years. Has he worked for us for ten years. (10)过去完成时基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+h
8、ad+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes,主语+had 否定回答：No,主语+hadnt 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他） 语法判定: （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of
9、 last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. (11)将来完成时（shall）will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间 before或by the time引导的现在时的从句 He will have worked for us.=He will work for us. (12)过去将来完成时should / would have done sth. He said that he would have worked
10、for us.=He said that he would work for us. (13)现在完成进行时基本与现在完成时相同，但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念 have/has been +-ing 分词 He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years. (14)过去完成进行时had been +-ing 分词 He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked fo
11、r us for ten years. (15)将来完成进行时主语+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us. 翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作，现在在工作，将来还会工作） (16)过去将来完成进行时should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称 would have been+现在分词用于其他人称 He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for
12、us. 举例： 英语中有12个主要时态，都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来） 现在以I listen为例，举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示： 一般现在时：I listen 现在进行时：I am listening 过去进行时：I was listening 现在完成时：I have listened 现在完成进行时：I have been listening 一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.” 将来进行时：I shall be listening 一般过去时：I listened 过去完成时：I had listened 过去完成进行时：I had be
13、en listening 将来完成时： I shall have listened 将来完成进行时： I shall have been listening 现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别1) 现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作：I have read the book. 我读过这本书。I have been reading the book. 我一直在读这本书。【注】有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)：How long h
14、ave you worked been working here? 你在这儿工作多久了？Ive lived been living here since 1988. 自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。(2) 现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感情色彩：I have waited for two hours. 我等了两小时。(陈述事实)I have been waiting for two hours. 我等了两个小时。(等得好辛苦)(3) 现在完成进行时通常用来谈论较短暂的动作或情况，若要谈论时间延续较长的动作或情况或永久性情况，则通常用现在完成时：He has lived
15、 in Paris. 他(一直)住在巴黎。He has been living in Paris. 他(目前)住在巴黎。(表暂时性)(4) 不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时：Ive only known her for two day. 我认识她刚刚两天。Theyve been married for twenty years. 他们结婚已二十年了。The war has lasted for a long time. 这场战争持续了很长时间。(5) 现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，若要用可用现在完成时的被动语态代替：The house has been painted for a month. 这房子已漆了一个月。The problem has been studied for five days. 这个问题已研究了五天。
