1、届上海师大附中高三上学期开学考试英语试题2017-2018学年髙三英语试题(试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）I. Listening Comprehension (25)II. Grammar and vocabulary (20)Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each bla
2、nk with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.You know that business of business is making money. What you may not realize is : 21 simple that business is. You need two fundamental ingredients-a good product that customers want to own, and br
3、ight, charismatic people who will 22 sell it and, if necessary, defend it. And of the two 23 (desire) product and competent peoplegood people are, in the long run, more important than good products.You cant expect to produce one popular product after another. You can, however, cover your bets by sta
4、ffing your enterprise with superb employees who will continue to reflect the companys strengths 24 24 the products are weak. It is your responsibility to keep those employees 25 (perform) as well as they can. They wont remain superb 26 reliable leadership and, in fact, there is a perfect time to add
5、ress this issue. Most successful companies have a defining moment 27 profits are skyrocketing, and business 28 not be better. That is precisely the time to look closely at your customer service. That you are earning more money than ever before 29 (indicate) your product is terrific, but it doesnt ne
6、cessarily mean the same about your customer service. It is the ideal time to examine your reputation and expand the success you earning from your product to include customer service.Every business wants to be known for its customer service. Although even a slow but steady giant such as Radio Shack C
7、orporation will often come up with a hot product, it is its customer service 30 keeps it in business year after year.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. double B. intense
8、 C. pressures D. stock E. agriculture F. trappedG. withdrawal H. availability I. drive J. expanding K. risingThroughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, national sovereignty and religious expression. How much more 31 will these conflicts be when people fight over the
9、Earths most indispensable resource water? We may find out in the not-too-distant future if projections about the 32 of water in the Middle East and other regions prove correct. Less than three percent of the planets 33 is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is 34 in ice caps, glaciers,
10、 and underground aquifers too deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that 35 tension and conflict over freshwater: Using up the water “resource pie”. In India, the worlds second-most populous nation, with over 1
11、 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater 36 is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher than in any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n) 37 one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago, when global
12、population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287 million.)Global 38 accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the worlds most water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nileland and Tigris-Euphrates population incr
13、eases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastest rate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than 39 over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population 40 and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle
14、 East, a region where the amount of available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.III. Reading Comprehension (45)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word o
15、r phrase that best fits the context.In an ideal world, people would not perform experiments on animals. For the people, they are expensive. For the animals, they are stressful and often painful. That ideal world, 41 ,is still some way away. People need new drugs and vaccines. They want 42 from the t
16、oxicity (毒性)of chemicals. The search for basic scientific answers goes on. 43 the European Commission is moving ahead with proposals that will 44 the number of animal experiments carried out in the European Union, by requiring toxicity tests on every chemical 45 for use within the unions borders in
17、the past 25 years.Already, the commission has 46 140,000 chemicals that have not yet been tested. It wants 30,000 of these to be examined right away, and plans to spend between $ 4 billion -$ 8 billion doing so. The number of animals used for toxicity testing in Europe will thus, experts reckon, qui
18、ntuple (翻五倍）from just over 1 million a year to about 5 , unless they are saved by some dramatic 47 in non-animal testing technology. Animal experimentation will therefore be around for some time yet. But the search for substitutes continues.A good place to start finding 48 for toxicity tests is the
19、liverthe organ responsible for breaking toxic chemicals down into safer molecules that can then be eliminated from body. Two firms, one large and one small, told the meeting how they were using human liver cells removed incidentally during surgery to test various substances for long-term toxic effec
20、ts.PrimeCyte, the small firm, grows its cells in cultures(士音养基）over a few weeks and doses them regularly with the substance under 49 . The characteristics of the cells are carefully 50 ,to look for changes in their microanatomy(组织学). Pfizer, the big firm, also doses its cultures regularly, but rathe
21、r than studying 51 cells in detail, it counts cell numbers. If the number of cells in a culture changes after a sample is added, that suggests the chemical 52 is bad for the liver.Other tissues, too, can be tested 53 of animals. Epithelix, a small firm in Geneva, has developed an 54 version of the l
22、ining of the lungs. According to Huang Song, one of Epithelixs researchers, the firms cultured cells have similar microanatomy to those found in natural lung linings, and 55 in the same way to various chemical messengers. Dr. Huang says that they could be used in long-term toxicity tests of airborne
23、 chemicals and could also help identify treatments for lung diseases.All this suggests that though there is still some way to go before drugs, vaccines and other substances can be tested routinely on cells rather than live animals, useful progress is being made.41.A. fortunatelyB. sadlyC. ironically
24、D. technically42.A. protectionB, identificationC. isolationD.interacton43.A. HoweverB. IndeedC. InsteadD. Furthermore44.A, increaseB. decreaseC. prohibitD.specify45.A. testedB. createdC. assessedD.approved46.A. outlinedB. imposedC. identifiedD.released47.A. diagnoses B. advancesC. proofsD.appearance
25、s48.A. alternativesB. breakthroughsC. possibilitesD.implications49.A. suspicion B. controlC. wayD.investigation50.A. monitoredB. studiedC analyzedD.classified51.A. relevantB. numorousC. individualD.measurable52.A. in questionB. in principleC. in practiceD.in reality53.A. successfullyB. independently
26、C. occassionallyD.collectively54.A. useful,B. constantC. matureD.artificial55.A. operateB. functionC. respondD.enhanceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C
27、 and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt that some leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you coul
28、d bottle this leadership X-factor charisma- the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions
29、 easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”“They, connect with followers because they seem to truly understand oth
30、ers feelings and concerns.”“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-playing skills that allow them to walk the talk,” Professor Riggio says.“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us. We t
31、hink someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this
32、by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are open-to out-of-the-box thinldng, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says. . .“A lot of c
