1、采购员培训手册 介词用法大全(一一、口诀早、午、晚要用in,at黎明、午夜、点与分。年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in。将来时态in.以后,小处at大处in。有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in。特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用in。介词at和to表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,收音、农场、值日on,关于、基础、靠、著论。着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。特定时日和“一就”,on后常接动名词。年、月、日加早、午、晚,of之前on代in。步行、驴、马、玩笑on,cab,carriage则用in。at山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、
2、日落、价、核心。工具、和、同随with,具有、独立、就、原因。就来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。海、陆、空、车、偶、被by,单数、人类know to man。this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。over、under正上下,above、below则不然,若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。beyond超出、无、不能,against靠着,对与反。besides,except分内外,among之内along沿。同类比较except,加for异类记心间。原状because of,、owing to、due to表语
3、形容词under后接修、建中,of、from物、化分。before、after表一点, ago、later表一段。before能接完成时,ago过去极有限。since以来during间,since时态多变换。与之相比beside,除了last but one。复不定for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。快到、对、向towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。but for否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。ing型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。之后、关于、在.方面,有关介词须记全。in内to外表位置,山、水、国界to在前。二、用法如大体掌握如上介调用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同
4、形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。早、午、晚要用in例:in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上in the day 在白天at黎明、午、夜、点与分例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候at noon 在中午at night 在夜间at midnight 在午夜以上短语都不用冠词at six oclock 在6点钟at 7:30 (seven thirty 在7点半at half past eleven 在11点半at nine fifteen 在9点15分at te
5、n thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上five minutes after two 2点过5分at a quarter to two 1点45分at the weekend 在周末年、月、年月、季节、周即在“来年”,在“某月”,在“某年某月”(但在某年某月某日则用on,在四季,在第几周等都要用in。例;in 1986 在1986年in 1927 在1927年in April 在四月in March 在三月in December 1986 1986年12月in July l983 1983年7月in spring 在春季in s
6、ummer 在夏季in autumn 在秋季in winter 在冬季in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周in the third week 在第三周阳光、灯、影、衣、冒in,即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用in。例:Dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a
7、prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。The poor dressed (clothed in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人the woman in white (black, red, yellow 穿着白(黑、红、黄色衣服的妇女in uniform 穿着制服in mourning 穿着丧服in brown sh
8、oes 穿着棕色鞋in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫将来时态in.以后例: They will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。Ill come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。Well be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。Come and see me in two days time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始= =介词用法大全(二after. (从过去开始小处at大处in例:Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all i
9、s well. Dont worry. 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。I live in a great city (big city, my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。Im in Liaoning, at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.有形with无形by,语言、单位、材料in例:The workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形The teacher is
10、 correcting the paper with a new pen.。(有形Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy is a good opera. 是出好戏。(无形The product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出气油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法无形I really cant express my idea in English freely in-deed.我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用inI wrote a novel in
11、 Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用in The length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上 This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用in特征或状态:例: The Democratic
12、 Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。They found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。He has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。Many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。The house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。The poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。Her clothes were in rags.
13、她的衣跟穿破了。His shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。I only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。She spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。还有一些短语也用in,如:in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地,in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。His mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。Today everybod
14、y is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb. 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。She and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The compaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。方面:例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。They are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has a
15、chieved self-sufficient in grain. 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。A good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。方式:例:All the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism. 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。如下成语惯用in例如:in all 总计i
16、n advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地in hopes of(或in the hope of 怀着.希望in connection with 和有关in contact with 和联系in addition to 除.以外in case of 倘若,万一in conflict with 和.冲突in force 有效的,大批in depth 彻底地in regard to 关于in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾,一想起in behalf of 代表.利益in the least 一点,丝毫
17、in alarm 惊慌、担心in the opinion of 据见解in the long run 从长远说来in ones opinion 在看来in word 口头上in a word 总之in vain 无益地, 白白地in case 如果,万一,以防in detail 详细地in haste 急急忙忙地in conclusion 总之in spite of 尽管in other words. 换句话说in return 作为回报in the name of 以.名义be confident in 对.有信心be interested in 对.感兴趣in doubt 怀疑in lov
18、e 恋爱中in debt 负债in fun (jest、joke 玩笑地in hesitation 犹豫不决in wonder 在惊奇中in public (secret 公开他(秘密地in a good humour 心情(情绪好“介词at、to表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分”。介词at和to都可以表示方向; 用at表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:1. A.She came at me. 她向我扑过来。B.She came to me. 她向我走过来。2.A.Jake ran at John. 几杰克向约
19、翰扑过去。B.Jake ran to John. 杰克朝约翰跑去。3.A. He rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。B. He rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。4.A.He shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。B. He shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说5.A.I heard her muttering at Xiao Li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。B.I heard her muttering to Xiao Li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
