1、结构：情态动词+have done / been+名词/形容词/介词短语1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.2. He couldnt have seen Anna yesterday. Shes gone abroad.3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.4. He might have overslept again.5. Where can Tom have gone ?情态动词表达虚拟语气：表达“本来”，“不然早就”。这是情态动词的一
2、种虚拟语气用法。表示说话人所讲的与所发生的事实相反。表达了说话人的埋怨，后悔的语气。其结构是在一些情态动词后面加 have done 结构。根据要表达的意思，有如下结构：should have done / ought to have done：本应该shouldnt have done / oughtnt to have done：本不该could have done：本来可以neednt have done：本来没必要would like to have done：本来很想would rather not have done: 本来不愿意could / might / have done:
3、 不然早就1. You shouldnt have laughed at his mistakes.2. You could have told us earlier.3. I ought to have bought that dictionary last week.4. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.5. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.6. They would like to have seen that fi
4、lm last film.7. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.8. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.知识难点：某些情态动词的特殊用法：need 和dare 的两种形式的用法need 和dare可以用做实义动词，后面接不定式（to do）结构，在疑问句和否定句中，加助动词do/does/did/或dont/doesnt/didnt。作为情态动词使用时，主要用于疑问句和否定句中。情态动词neednt（没有必要，不必）
5、相当于dont have to1. It is cold, you need to wear some warm clothes.2. Need I stay here with you for a while ? Thank you, you neednt.3. How dare you speak to parents like that ?注意：句型I dare say+从句。 意思是：我肯定 = Im sure或There is no doubt that+从句。I dare say that my uncle will get the money if I die.will和woul
6、d表示“意志”或“愿意”，would 则指过去愿意做1. He said that he would help us.2. You may telephone if you will accept this job.would可以表达“过去习惯做”类似于“used to do”1. When we were children, we would go swimming every summer in that river.表示请求，固定的句型：Will/Would you please do? / Would you like to do?Will/Would you please give
7、him a message when you see him ?shall1. 用于第一，三人称，表示“请求”；“建议” 或“推荐”1. Shall we start the meeting now?2. Shall I watch TV now ?3. Shall my son carry the case for you ?2. 用于第二人称，表示“命令，“要求”，“许诺”1. You shall take whatever you like.2. You shall not go to the party with me if you make so much noise again.在
8、表示推测的否定句或疑问句中，常用can /cant /could / couldnt表示，意思是：“可能吗?”；“不可能”。而不能使用mustnt或must等词。【典型例题】1. Do you think he will do me a favor ?As far as I know, he is the last one to help others. He _ be prepared to give you a hand, though.A. might B. must C. can D. should分析：本题考查情态动词推测性用法。 根据he is the last one to he
9、lp others.（他是最不可能帮助别人的人），既然如此，那么“帮助你”的可能性也就最小了。 答案为A2. Look, someone is coming. Guess who it _ be ?I think it _ be Tom.I dont think it _ be _ .A. can ; must ; can ; he B. may ; himC. must ; his D. might ; himself根据备选答案。 can表示推测时用于疑问句或否定句中。本题首句就应该是Guess who can it be? 第二句应该是I think it must be Tom.（说话
10、人十分肯定）。第三句表达了说话人对前一个人的否定。即：I dont think it can be him/he.（不可能是他）。答案为A3. Do you know Ms. Wang likes walking after supper ?Sure. She _ around the campus now.A. must be walking B. must walkC. may walk D. may be walking关键词Sure告诉我们说话人的口气十分肯定。根据句子语境：她此刻肯定正在校园散步呢。must be doing表示肯定正在做。4. I stayed at a hotel
11、 in New York.Oh, did you ? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed首句说：我在纽约住在一家宾馆里。在此a hotel是泛指。所以D选项不合题意。第二句在说：你本来可以和Barbara.住在一起的。Could have done表示：本来可以。5. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A
12、. neednt have driven B. cant have drivenC. mustnt have driven D. shouldnt have driven根据句意：你为什么不告诉我今天没有会？我本来没必要冒着大雪开车跑这么多路。Neednt have done表示本来没必要。6. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave我真的很担心你，你真不应该一句话都不说就
13、离开家。“离开家”已经发生了。Should have done正好表达了本句的意思。答案为B7. A：Are you coming to Jeffs party ? B：Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead.A. must B. would C. should D. might根据B的回答：我不一定去，我有可能去听音乐会。Might表示推测：可能。答案为D8. A：I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her ?A.
14、 should B. must C. would D. shallA说：“我答应她在生日聚会上她会得到一份生日礼物。shall表示许诺。【模拟试题】5. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.You _ mine. I wasnt using it.A. might borrow B. could have borrowedC. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow6. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her hu
15、sband.It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages.A. mustnt be B. couldnt have beenC. may not have been D. mustnt have been1. A：Is John coming by train ?B：He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may2. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. sh
16、ould have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving3. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will4. You _ be tiredYouve only been working for an hour.A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not【试题答案】1. 分析：根据B的回答“他应
17、该（坐火车来），但是也不一定，他喜欢开自己的车。本题考查了情态动词的推测用法。may表示不十分有把握的推测。2. 分析：White先生本应该在8:30到这里出席会议的，可他（在8:30）没有到场。Should have done表示：本应该。3. 分析：本句是说话人在解释迟到的原因：我或许是关掉闹钟又睡了。might have done 表示对过去的推测：可能已经答案为A4. 分析：根据后半句Youve only been working for an hour.（你才刚干了一个小时）说明You _ be tired（你不可能很累），cant 表示“不可能”答案为C5. 分析：听到对方说“昨天
18、车坏了而没去上班”，第二个人说“你本来可以借我的车去上班。” 本来可以/能：could have done. 答案为B6. 分析：第二个人是说：那个人不可能是她丈夫，因为她丈夫已经去世多年了。根据对话的语境，是在谈论过去的事，表示过去不可能：could not have done 答案为：B与it有关的主要句型it强调句型知识总结归纳：（一）it用做形式主语或形式宾语：根据句子结构的需要，it用做形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语或宾语（to do 短语，doing短语，名词性从句）则放在句尾。主要句型：Its +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句to do sth.doing sth.find /
19、 make / think / feel it +形容词/名词+连词+名词性从句1. It will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English . 2. Its usual for close friends to have similar ideas and beliefs . 3. Its a pity that I didnt think of it earlier.4. Its no use going there so early.5. Out teacher thinks it no goo
20、d learning without practice.6. Didnt I make it clear to you that I was not coming ?7. We found it strange that no one would take the money.（三）it在强调句型中：在英语中，为了突出强调句子的某一个成分（谓语除外），达到强调或使听话人特别注意这一部分的目的。便形成了一种强调句型。It is / was+被强调的部分+that / who+句子的其他部分。It is / was not until+时间+that+句子的其他部分。1. I saw John o
21、n my way to school this morning.It was John who/that I saw on my way to school this morning. It was on my way to school that I saw John this morning.It was this morning that I saw John on my way to school.2. It was his best suit that John wore to the dance last night.3. It was not until 1920 that re
22、gular radio broadcast began.4. It was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that frightened me so much . 5. It was the kindness and sympathy in their eyes that prevented me from doing so . （二）其他句型1. It takes+时间段+sb.+ to do sth.2. 表示“据说，据报道，/人们认为/相信/建议等Its said that.I
23、ts reported that Its believed/thought/suggested that 3. Its suggested that we should have a meeting to discuss the problem . 4. It was once predicted（预测）that British and American English would become separate languages finally . 1. It generally takes time to reach this pointbeing on the same wavelen
24、gth . 2. It is believed that the two children went off exploring（探险）on their own and get stuck on the cliff .（一）注意强调句型的变形，即以一般疑问句或特殊疑问句的形式出现的强调句型。（二）是强调句型还是that主语从句或其他复合句 1. It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 2. It is these poisonous products that can cause the
25、 symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. 3. It was almost ten oclock when our soldiers came back from the front. 4. Was it in this place that the last king died ?1. What is it that Joe cant find in the bathroom ? 2. Where was it that you met the foreign guests from Australia? 3. I
26、cant quite remember when it was that we married. 4. Was it because he was very ill that he asked for leave?（三）注意强调句型中被强调部分带有定语从句Was it at the air battle on June 8, 1944, which was led by Captain Johnson that Peter lost his life.一. 单项选择：4. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international
27、language.A. There B. This C. That D. It本题考查it做形式主语的句型：英语正在作为一种国际性语言被接受是一个事实。选择D5. It was in the small house _ was built with stones by his father _he spent his childhood.A. which ; that B. that ; where C. which ; which D. that ; which本题考查带有定语从句的强调句型用法。句中：“_ was built with stones by his father的定语从句。被强调的部分是in the small house _ was built with stones by his father。他正是在他父亲用石头盖的房子里度过了他的童年。故选择A1. I dont think poss
