1、过去分词用法详解过去分词的用法之宇文皓月创作一、构成：规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的，不规则动词则有各自构成。二、基本特点：过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点：1.与逻辑主语之间是主动关系 2.暗示完成的动作三、过去分词的用法：1.作表语：过去分词作表语时，一般同时具备主动与完成的含义例如：（1）The cup is broken.（2）He is retired. （3）After running,he is tired.【注意】过去分词作表语时，已经酿成形容词性质，主要暗示主语的状态（主动完成）,而主动语态则暗示动作. 例如：(1) The cup was broken by m
2、y little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是主动语态,暗示动作) （2）The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,暗示状态) 【注意】有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通经常使用其过去分词形式来修饰人,暗示“感到”用 -ing 形式来修饰物，暗示“令人”例如：The book is interesting and Im interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词
3、作定语,既表主动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1）单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前，称作前置定语。例如：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2）过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。例如：The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3）过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如：The meeting,
4、attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4） 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的脸色，面貌，举止行为以及感觉等，这时不克不及用v-ing形式例如：The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam.3.作状语作状语的过去分词在句子中多暗示主动和完成两重含义。1）时间状语：A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时，一般仅暗示主动,可以用when从句代替。例如：Fac
5、ed with difficulties,we shouldnt withdraw for any excuse.B.当暗示动作发生在谓语动词之前时，通常既表主动又表完成，可用after从句代替，也可用现在分词的主动完成形式代替。例如：Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting.2）原因状语：过去分词所暗示的动作多有主动和完成两重含义。例如：Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.Welcomed by all
6、 the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎，我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表主动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语罕见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等，这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。例如：Lost / Absorbed in deep thoug
7、ht, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音，他决定搬到农村去。Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙，她看起来比以前更美3）条件状语：作条件状语时，一般只表主动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。例如：Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里
8、,这些种子能长得很快.4）陪伴情况：暗示陪伴谓语动词发生的另外动作，位于主语之后，用逗号隔开，可以同时暗示主动与完成，例如：The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son.5）结果状语：暗示发生在谓语动词后的动作，位于主句后用都逗号分开，也可以同时暗示主动与完成。 例如：He listened to the heros story,moved to tears.【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保存连词,构成连词+过去分词结构作状语. 例如：When given a medical examination, yo
9、u should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要坚持镇定. After seated in the sofa,he bagan to feel comfortable. If permitted,he was sure to come with us.4.作宾语补足语：罕见的带过去分词作宾补的动词有两类：1）感官动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.例如：I heard the song sung in English. He found his hometown greatl
10、y changed. 2）使役动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.例如： Ill have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发. Dont leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完. 注意：使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况. 1） 过去分词所暗示的动作由他人完成. 例如： He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被他人偷去了) 2） 过去分词所暗示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如: He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)5.with +宾语+过去
11、分词结构with +宾语+过去分词结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.例如: (1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来,他的双手被绑在面前.(表方式) (2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件) (3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因) (4)
12、She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.（表陪伴）(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿. （表陪伴）分词使用技巧一、现在分词和过去分词的两大区别：1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大不同在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表主动。 2. 现在分词与过去分词的第二大不同在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。二、现在分词和过去分词的逻辑主语逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、主动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句
13、子主语，又可能是句中宾语，或者是句中的表语（不要理解成句子主语）；它既可能是动作行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。如果是动作的发出者，与分词构成主谓关系。如果是动作的承受者，与分词构成动宾关系。（1）作状语时Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up. the students是seeing的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系Heated, the metal expands. the metal是 heated的逻辑主语，动宾（主动）关系结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。（2）作宾补时I saw himreading la
14、st night. him 是reading的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系His wife found his hairdyed black. hair是 dyed的逻辑主语，动宾（主动）关系 结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。（3）作表语时The film is moving. the film是 moving的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系 The visitors looked surprised. the visitors是surprised的逻辑主语，动宾（主动）关系结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。（4）作定语时This is an interestingbook. book
15、是 interesting的逻辑主语，主谓（主动）关系 The movedchildren looked serious. children是 moved的逻辑主语，动宾（主动）关系结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。（5）用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中） With the taskcompleted, we went out to take some fresh air. task是completed的逻辑主语，动宾（主动）关系Weather permitted,well go skiing this Sunday.Weather是permitted的逻
16、辑主语，动宾（主动）关系 结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语三、确定分词的使用的具体步调:1、确定分词的语法成分2、找准逻辑主语3、判断主、主动关系4、选定现在或过去分词一、分词选择填空练习 1. All things _, the planned trip will have to be called off. A) considered B) be considered C) considering D) having considered2. The house was very quiet, _as it was on the side of a mountain.
17、A) isolated B) isolating C) being isolated D) having been isolated3.This crop has similar qualities to the previous one, _both wind-resistant and adapted to the same type of soil. A) being B) been C) to be D) having been4.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columb
18、us found it _ in Cuba. A) being cultivated B) been cultivated C) having cultivated D) cultivating5. _in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing. A) To look B) Looking at C) Looked at D) To be looked at6. You will see this product _ wherever you go. A) to be advertised B) advertised C) a
19、dvertise D) advertising7. _in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarship totaling 21,000 dollars. A) To be judged the best B) having judged the bestC) Judged the best D) Judging the best8. From the dates _ on the plates, we decided that they were made in Song Dynasty.A
20、) marking B) having been marked C) marked D) to be marked9. _ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door.A) Not wishing B) Wishing C) Not wished D) No wishing10. The editorial _ now will appear in tomorrows newspaper.A) writing B) to write C) being written D) write11. _ with the size of the whol
21、e earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A) When compared B) While comparing C) Compare D) Comparing12. The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding13. _ three times in a row, the boxer decide to
22、 give up fighting. A) having defeated B) To have defeated C) having been defeated D) To have been defeated14. _neglecting our education, my father sent me to school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) To be accused of D) That he was accused of15. _ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Gr
23、aham Bell devoted his life to helping the deaf. A) He is remembered B) While being rememberedC) To be remembered D) Though remembered16. _ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace.A) If walking B) While walking C) Walking D) When one is walking17. A
24、cool rain was falling, _ with snow. A) mixed B) mixing C) to mix D) having mixed18. _ by the police, the kidnappers had no choice but to surrender.A) Surrounded B) Surrounding C) having surrounded D) To be surrounded19. All the exam papers _, the teacher sent the class home.A) having been handed in
25、B) having hands in C) handing in D) being handed in 20. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A) Founding B) It was founded C) Being founded D) Founded21. There _ no fresh drinking water and no good farm land, it was not a comfortable place in which to live.
26、A) be B) was C) were D) being22. _ in Beijing for quite a few years, Mr. Park had little difficulty understanding Chinese.A) having lived B) Lived C) Living D) To live23. Any packet _ properly will not be accepted by the post office.A) not to be wrapped B) not being wrapped C) not wrapped D) not hav
27、ing been wrapped24. The lab _ next year will be more advanced than the old one.A) built B) to be built C) being built D) to build25. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _ to the outside world.A) being lost B) losing C) having lost D) lost二、翻译句子练习：根据过去分词的用法翻译下列句子1.你认识那个穿着红衣服的妇女吗 _2.舒服地坐在椅子上,他在沉思._3.对于昨天发生的事故,我很震惊._4.给予更多的关心的话,这些树会长得更好._5.他作了自我介绍,以便使自己被大家认识._6.昨天,我把衣服让人洗了._7.上周一,我看到你兄弟被一个陌生人打了._8.将书合上背诵这篇课文._9.我提高了声音以便使自己被听见._10.如果被问及,你不要说我在家里._11.你介入了昨天举行的会议吗 _12.从日本引进的这些种子已经坏了._13.我想把这封信寄出去._14.女工人将头发扎在后面来上班._15.我
