1、建筑类常用名词词汇1建筑类常用名词词汇A-frameA型骨架A-trussA型构架abrasion磨耗；磨蚀abrasive cut-off machine磨切机abrasive grinding machine磨机(火石机)abrasive particle磨粒absorption吸收abutment桥台；拱座abutting end邻接端acceleration加速acceleration lane加速车道acceleration pedal加速器踏板accelerator催凝剂；加速器；催化剂acceptance criteria接受准则access通路；通道access door检修门
2、；通道门access lane进出路径access panel检修门access point入口处；出入通道处access ramp入口坡道；斜通道access road通路；通道access shaft竖井通道access spiral loop螺旋式回旋通道access staircase通道楼梯access step上落踏板；出入踏板access tunnel隧道通道accessible roof可到达的屋顶；有通道的屋顶accessory附件；配件accident事故；意外accidental collapse意外坍塌accommodate装设；容纳accredited private
3、 laboratory认可私营实验室accumulator储压器；蓄电池accuracy limit准确度极限acetylene cylinder乙炔气(风煤)樽acid plant酸洗设备；酸洗机acid pump酸液泵acid tank酸液缸acoustic couplant声耦合剂acoustic coupler声耦合器acoustic lining隔音板acoustic screen隔声屏acrylic paint丙烯漆料acrylic sheet丙烯胶片(阿加力胶片)active corrosion活性腐蚀active earth pressure主动土压力active oxidat
4、ion活性氧化actual plot ratio实际地积比率actuator促动器；唧筒；激发器adapt改装adaptor适配器；适配接头(万能苏)； 转接器；接合器addition增设；加建additional building works增补建筑工程additional horizontal force额外横向力additional plan增补图则additional vent加设通风口additive添加剂adhesive黏结剂；胶黏剂adhesive force附力adit入口；通路；坑道口adjacent construction相邻建造物adjacent level相邻水平ad
5、jacent site相邻地盘adjacent street相邻街道adjoining area毗邻地区adjoining building毗邻建筑物adjoining land毗邻土地adjoining structure毗邻构筑物adjustable可调校adjuster调节器adjustment调校；调整admixture掺合剂；外加剂advance directional sign前置指路标志；方向预告标志advance earthworks前期土方工程advance warning sign前置警告标志advance works前期工程aeration灌气aeration tank曝
6、气池aerial天线aerial rapid transit system架空快速运输系统aerial ropeway架空缆车系统aerial view鸟瞰图aerofoil翼型aerosol悬浮微粒；喷雾affix贴附aftercooler后冷却器afterfilter后过滤器agent作用剂；代理人aggregate骨料；集料；碎石aggregate area总面积aggregate grading骨料级配aggregate superficial area表面总面积aggregate usable floor space总实用楼面空间agitator搅拌器；搅动机air bleeding
7、放气air blower鼓风机air brake气压制动器air circuit空气回路air circuit breaker空气断路器air cleaner空气滤清器air compressor空气压缩机air compressor governor空气压缩机调压器air conditioning空气调节air cooled chiller风冷式冷冻机air cooler空气冷却器air cooling system空气冷却系统；风冷系统air coupling valve空气联接阀air curtain fan风帘风扇air cylinder气缸；气筒air damper风闸；气流调节器a
8、ir distribution system配气系统air distributor空气分配器air dryer空气干燥器air duct通风管道；气槽air entrained cement加气水泥；伴水泥air entraining agent加气剂air exhaust排气口air filter空气滤器；风隔；隔尘网air filter chamber空气过滤室air flowmeter风量计；空气流量计air gap气隙air grill空气格栅air inlet进风口；进气孔air inlet louver进气百叶air inlet port进气口air intake进风口；进气孔；入
9、气口air intake duct进风槽air intake filter进气过滤器air isolating cock空气隔断旋塞air line breathing apparatus气喉型呼吸器具air line strainer进气管道隔滤器air outlet出风口air outlet grille空气出口栅格air particle空气粒子air passage风道air pipe/pipework通气管；送气管air piston空气活塞air pressure gauge气压表air pressure switch气压掣air pressurization system空气加压
10、系统air receiver空气储存器air reservoir储气缸air restrictor空气节流器air shuttle valve阻气阀air sprayer喷涂器air spring空气弹簧air strainer空气隔滤器；空气滤网air supply outlet供气出口air supply valve供气阀air tank空气箱air valve进出气阀；放气阀air valve pit进出气阀井；放气阀井air vent cock通风管旋塞air ventilator空气通风器air-operated damper气动风闸airshaft通风竖井airtight cove
11、r气密盖airy dry varnish风干清漆alarm警报；警报器alarm bell警钟alarm buzzer警报器alga水藻align对准；调直；定线alignment (road)路线；线向(特指道路中线的位置与方向)alignment plan (road)路线平面图alkali-silica reaction碱矽反应alkaline aggregate reaction碱性集料反应alkaline pump碱液泵alkaline tank碱液缸alkalinity碱度all-purpose road混合车道；综合车道alley巷allowable load容许载重；容许荷载a
12、llowable stress容许应力alloy合金alloy steel bar合金钢筋条alluvial deposit冲积土层；冲积物alteration更改；改建；改动alternating current (a.c.)交流电alternative design替代设计alternative route替代路线alternator交流发电机aluminium tape铝带amber flashing light黄色闪灯ambient pressure周围压力ambient temperature环境温度；周围温度amendment修订amenities市容建筑；设施；康乐设施ameni
13、ty area美化市容地带amenity railing美观栏杆ammeter电流表；安培计ampere (A)安培(电流量单位)amplification放大；增强amplitude幅；振幅anchor锚；锚竿支撑anchor bearing锚承；锚座anchor bolt锚栓anchor plate锚碇板anchorage锚碇；碇泊区；抛锚区；锚固anchorage length锚固长度anchoring strength锚固强度ancillary building附属建筑物ancillary facilities附属设施ancillary installation附带装置ancillar
14、y works附属工程angle cutter角铁切割机angle iron bracket角铁支架；角铁托架angle probe斜探头angular velocity角速度annunciation lamp警示灯annunciator传播器；呼唤器anode阳极anode voltage阳极电压antenna天线anti-corrosion paint防蚀漆anti-creep device防溜装置anti-lift roller防升滚轮anti-oxidizing paint抗氧化漆anti-rust paint防锈漆anti-skid chequer防滑格纹anti-skid devi
15、ce防滑装置anti-skid dressing防滑钢沙anti-skid material防滑物料anti-slip防滑动；防空转；防打滑anti-static chain抗静电链anti-static tyre抗静电轮胎anti-stripping agent防剥剂anti-syphonage pipe反虹吸管anti-tip roller防倾侧滚轮anti-vibration mounting防震装置anti-vibration pad防震垫anvil铁砧aperture隙缝；孔口apex顶尖apparatus仪器；装置；器具；器材appliance用具；装置；设备applied cov
16、ering外加覆盖物applied load外施荷载approach进路；引道；接驳道路；引桥approach channel进港航道；引渠approach ramp引道坡approach road引道；进路approach speed来车速度approach taper楔形引道路段approach viaduct高架引道approved material经批准的物料approved plan经批准的图则appurtenance附属物apron跳板；护板；停机坪arc电弧arc contact电弧触点arc runner电弧滚环arc welding电弧焊接arch拱；弓形；拱门archite
17、ct建筑师；则师architectural decoration建筑装饰architectural projection建筑上的伸出物area traffic control system区域交通控制系统argon arc welding氩气焊armature电枢arrangement排列；布置arresting assembly止动装置arterial highway干线道路arterial traffic干线交通article of agreement合约细则artificial lighting人工照明as-built drawing竣工图则as-constructed drawing竣
18、工图则asbestos abatement works石棉拆除工程asbestos cement石棉水泥asbestos gasket石棉垫片ash pit排渣槽；灰坑asphalt沥青asphalt distributor沥青喷洒机asphalt paver沥青摊铺机asphalt roofing沥青屋面asphaltic coating沥青涂层asphaltic concrete沥青混凝土aspirator吸气器assemblage组合物assembly装置；组合assessment评估associated works相关工程；相关设施at-grade pedestrian crossin
19、g地面行人过路处at-grade signal controlled junction交通灯控制地面路口atmospheric distillation常压蒸馏atmospheric pressure大气压力；常压atmospheric temperature常温atomization air fan雾化空气风扇attachment附件；附属物attenuation衰减audible signal音响讯号audible warning音响警号authorities权限authority主管当局authorized officer获授权人员authorized person获授权人；认可人士；核
20、准人士authorized works获授权进行的工程；批准进行的工程automatic (spark) ignition device自动(火花)点火装置automatic control switch自动控制开关automatic operation自动操作automatic release自动脱扣automatic voltage regulator自动调压器automatic weather station自动气象站automation equipment自动化设备auxiliary control panel辅助掣板auxiliary equipment辅助设备auxiliary f
21、eedwater pump辅助给水泵auxiliary feedwater tank辅助给水箱auxiliary plant辅助厂房auxiliary system辅助系统auxiliary water pump辅助水泵average compressive stress平均压应力average strength平均强度axial fan轴流式风扇axial force轴向力axial load轴向载重；轴向荷载axial stress轴向应力axle bearing车轴轴承(车轴啤令)back-fire逆火back-up area后勤地区；辅助埸地backfill回填；回填土backfill
22、 material回填物料background noise本底噪声；背景噪声backing plate垫板；背板baffle隔板；挡板baffle plate遮挡板baffle wall遮挡墙balance tank调节池；均衡槽balance weight平衡锤balanced load平衡载重balancer平冲器balancing pipeline平衡水管balcony露台ball bearing滚珠轴承ball valve浮球阀；球形阀；波阀ball-and-socket joint球窝接头ballast道碴bamboo scaffolding竹枝棚架band brake带式制动器ba
23、nd clamp带夹banshee alarm尖啸警报bar铁枝；杆；巴(压力量单位)bar tendon钢筋barging area驳运地点barrack营房barrel管筒；芯管barrette方形桩barricade路障；障碍物barrier栏栅；护栏；障碍物；屏障barrier block路障barrier gate路闸barrier plate阻挡板base基座base course路面下层；承重层；路基层base frame基架base insulator基架绝缘器base plate底板；垫板base sealing底部密封胶base slab平底板base support底座支
24、架baseline基线；底线；基准线baseline programme基线计划basement地库；地窖；地下室batching plant混凝土混和机；配料厂batter pile斜桩battery蓄电池battery acid level电池酸位battery cell volt蓄电池电压battery charger电池充电器battery electric locomotive电力机车battery electrolyte电池电解液battery-powered device电池推动装置beacon闪光指示灯bead焊珠beam横梁bearing支座；支承；承座；轴承(啤令)；方向角
25、bearing capacity承载力bearing force承重能力；承载能力bearing pad支承垫片；承重垫片bearing pile支承桩bearing pin支承栓钉bearing plate支承垫板bearing stress支承应力bearing surface支承面bedding底层；层理bedplate座板bedrock基层岩behaviour性能；状况Belisha beacon斑马线灯；黄波灯bellow pot气囊；气囊筒belt带；皮带belt conveyor带式输送机belt guard皮带护罩belt tension皮带拉力bend弯角；弯位；路弯；弯管b
26、ending force弯曲力bending stress弯曲应力Benkelman beam test贝克曼梁试验bentonite膨润土；膨土岩berm channel斜水平台渠berth停泊处；碇泊位bevel斜角；斜面bias偏移bill of quantities工料清单binder黏合料bit钻头bitumen沥青bitumen coating沥青外搪层；沥青外衬bitumen felt沥青纸bitumen lining沥青内搪层；沥青衬里bituminous concrete沥青混凝土bituminous macadam沥青碎石bituminous waterproof memb
27、rane沥青防水膜blade剪刀；叶片blank flange盲板法兰；盲板凸缘；管口盖板blanking plate封板blast-furnace鼓风炉blast-furnace slag cement炉渣水泥blasting爆石；爆破bleed nipple放气嘴；减压嘴bleed off pipe溢流管bleed screw放气螺钉；减压螺钉bleeding泌浆(混凝土)；泌水性(混凝土)blended cement混合水泥blending control混合控制blinding补路石砂；(填充表面孔隙的细石)block plan楼宇平面图blow down放水；放气blow down
28、valve放泄阀；排水阀blower吹风机；鼓风机bobbin绕线管bogie转向架boiler room锅炉房boiling point沸点bollard护柱；系船柱bollard light安全岛指示灯bollard plinth护柱柱基；护柱基座bolster承枕；横撑bolt螺栓bond黏结；黏合；契约bond coat黏合层bond strength黏合强度bond stress黏合应力boom吊杆booster pump增压泵booster pumping station增压抽水站booster transformer增压变压器booster water pump增压水泵；增压抽水机borated water storage tank含硼水贮存箱border link边境连接道路border terminus过境终站bore钻孔；内孔bored pile螺旋钻孔桩bored tunnel钻挖的隧道borehole log钻孔纪录boric acid硼酸boring钻探；冲孔boring machine钻探机；镗床borrow area采泥区；采料区bottleneck樽颈；狭窄段bott
