1、小学英语语法知识总结小学英语语法总结1.人称代词主格： I you he she it we you they宾格： me us you her him it them形容词性物主代词：my your his her its their名词性物主代词： mine yours ours his hers its theirs2.形容词和副词的比较级(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er older taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音节词前+more more interesting, etc.(3) 双写最后一个字母，再+er bigger fatter, etc.(
2、4) 把y变i，再+er heavier, earlier(5) 不规则变化： well-better, much/many-more, etc.3. (1)可数名词的变复数一般情况在词尾加-s. 如a book books以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，先将y变为i再加-es. 如a storystories以s, x, ch, sh, 结尾的名词，一般在词尾加-es. 如 a glassglasses a watch-watches一些以字母o结尾的名词变复数时有的加-es,有的加-s.如 a pianopianos a mangomangoes以f或fe结尾的名词，将f或fe变为v再加-e
3、s. 如 a knife knives a shelf-shelves (2)不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread, rice, water ,juice etc. (3)有些名词的复数变化是不规则的。如man-men; woman-women; tooth-teeth; child-children. etc.4. 缩略形式Im = I am ; youre = you are ; shes = she is ; hes = he isits = it is ; whos =who is ; cant =can not ; isnt=is not ;etc5. 冠词(1) 冠词a/an：不
4、定冠词有a和an两种形式，a用于辅音(不是辅音字母)开头的词前，an用于元音(不是元音字母)开头的词前；例如：a boy，a university，a European country；an hour，an honour，an island，an elephant，an umbrella1.泛指某一类人、事或物；相当于any，这是不定冠词a/an的基本用法。2.泛指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。3.表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。4.表示“每一”，相当于every. 例如，I go to school five days a week.我一周上五天课。5.用在序数词前
5、，表示“又一”，“再一”。例如，I have three books. I want to buy a fourth one.我已经有三本书，我想买第四本。6.用在某些固定词组中：a lot(of)许多，大量；after a while过一会儿(2) 定冠词的用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物，这是定冠词的基本用法。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。例如：Open the window，please.请打开窗户。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。例如：I have a car. The car is red.我有一辆小汽车，它是红色的。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。 例如：Which is bigge
6、r，the sun or the earth？哪一个大，太阳还是地球？5.用在序数词，形容词最高级前。例如：The first lesson is the easiest one in this book.第一课是这本书最简单的一课。6.用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如，the Great Wall长城，the United States美国7.用在方位词前。例如:on the left在左边，in the middle of在中间8.用在乐器名称前。例如：She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。9.用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家和党派等名词前。例如
7、：the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江6. 介词（Preposition:）on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间： at six oclock, at Christmas, at breakfaston Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the evening in December in winter7. 基数词和序数词: 变换规则：first,second,third单独记，八去t，九除e; ve要用f替; 整十基数变
8、序数，先把ty变成tie；要是遇到两位数，十位基数个位序，th最后加上去。解析口诀：onefirst， twosecond， threethird这三个词变化特殊，要单独记；eighteighth， nineninth， 八去t，九去e后再加-th； fivefifth， twelvetwelfth，五、十二把ve换成f再加-th；twentytwentieth， thirtythirtieth. 整十先把词尾y改为ie再加-th。两位数时则十位数用基数词，个位数用序数词，如：twenty-first8. 肯定句用Some /疑问句否定句用anyI have some toys in my b
9、edroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?9. be 动词(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.(3) 一般疑问句：be动词提前（主谓倒再接宾，回答是yes/no）Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you arent.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent.Is the cat fat? Yes,
10、 it is. No, it isnt.10. there be 结构,存在句肯定句： 单数There is a 复数There are 一般疑问句:Is there ? Yes, there is./ No, there isnt.Are there? Yes, there are. /No, there arent.否定句： There isnt . There arent.11. 祈使句：表命令，请求Sit down, pleaseDont sit down, please.12. 现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作或状态，通常用时间状语“now”.结构： be + verb +inge
11、g: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.动词 ing 的形式一般情况下： verbs +ing ；walkwalking以e结尾的动词去e+ing ； comecoming无音加辅音结尾的动词双写再加ing ； run running ；swimswimming13 一般现在时：表示经常性习惯性的动作，或客观真理。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式: 动词原形/单三形式肯定句： I go to school o
12、n foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑问句:实义动词要加助动词do，回答用yes/noDo you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I dont.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt.否定句： We dont go to school on Sundays.My mother doesnt like watching TV in the evening.14. (情态)动词can,must, should 后面直接用动词原形。eg:（1
13、）.I / He / She / They can sing.（2）You should keep quiet in the library.15. 一般过去时态：表示在过去某段时间发生的事情或存在的状态。（a） be 动词的过去式:I/He/she/it was(not). You/we/they were.一般疑问句was, were 放在句首。（b） 动词过去式：肯定句： I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑问句： Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Did she c
14、lean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didnt.否定句： They didnt go the the part yesterday.He didnt make model ships last week.（c）动词过去式的变化：规则动词的变化：一般情况直接+ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。以e结尾的直接 +d eg liked。辅音字母加y结尾的改y为ied eg : studystudied元音字母加辅音字母结尾的双写再加ed eg: stop -stopped不规则动词的变化：is/amwas,arewe
15、re,dodid,have/hashad,makemade,fly-flew/u:/eatate,taketook,runran,singsang,drinkdrank 等等17. 特殊疑问句“Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?
16、How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? Whats the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Whos the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When i
17、s your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?交际用语：1, -Whats your name? -你叫什么名字？-My name is _. -我叫。2, -How old are you? -你几岁了？-Im 12. -我十二岁。II 询问颜色。1, -What co
18、lour is it? -它是什么颜色的？-Its yellow and white. -黄白相间。2, -What colour are they? -它们是什么颜色的？-Theyre green. -绿色的。III 询问数量或价钱。1, -How many kites can you see? -你可以看见几只风筝？-I can see 12. -我可以看见十二只风筝。2, -How many crayons do you have? -你有多少支彩笔？-I have 16. -我有十六支。3, -How many people are there in your family? -你家有
19、几口人？-Three. -三口人。4, -How much is this dress? -这条连衣裙多少钱？-Its ninety-nine yuan. -九十九元。5, -How much are these apples? -这些苹果多少钱？-Theyre thirty-five yuan. -三十五元。IV 询问时间或日期。1, -What time is it now? -现在几点钟？-Its nine oclock. Its time for English class. -九点。该上英语课了。(-Its eight oclock. Its time to go to bed.)
20、（-八点。该上床睡觉了。）2, -What day is it today? -今天星期几？-Its Monday. -星期一。(-What do we have on Mondays? （-我们星期一上哪些课？-We have Chinese, English, math ) -语文、英语、数学）3, -When is your birthday? -你的生日是什么时候？-Its October 1st, our National Day. -十月一日，国庆节。4, -When do you do morning exercises? -你们什么时候做早锻炼？-I usually do mo
21、rning exercises at 8:30. -我们通常8：30做早锻炼。V 询问方位或地方。1, -Where is my toy car? -我的玩具汽车在哪儿？-Its here, under the chair. -在这儿，在椅子下面。2, -Where is the canteen? -餐厅在哪儿？-Its on the first floor. -在一楼。3, -Where are the keys? -钥匙在哪儿？-Theyre in the door. -在门上。4, -Excuse me. Where is the library, please? -对不起，请问图书馆在
22、哪儿？-Its near the post office. -在邮局附近。5, -Where are you from? -你从哪儿来？-Im from China. -我从中国来。6, -Where does the rain come from? -雨是从哪儿来的？-It comes from the clouds. -它是从云层里来的。VI 询问想吃的东西。1, -What would you like for breakfast / lunch / dinner ? -你早餐/中餐/晚餐想吃点什么？-Id like some bread and milk / rice and soup
23、. -我想吃面包和牛奶/米饭和汤。2, -Whats for breakfast / lunch / dinner? -早餐/中餐/晚餐吃什么？-Hamburgers and orange juice. -汉堡包和橙汁。VII 询问天气状况。1, -Whats the weather like in Beijing? -北京的天气如何？-Its rainy today. How about New York? -今天是雨天。纽约呢？-Its sunny and hot. -今天是晴天，天气很热。VIII 询问身体状况或情绪。1, -How do you feel? -你感觉如何？-I feel
24、 sick. -我觉得不舒服。2, -Whats the matter? -怎么了？-My throat is sore. / I have a sore throat. -我的喉咙疼。3, -How are you, Sarah? You look so happy. -你好吗，莎拉？你看起来这么伤心。-I failed the math test. -我的数学考试没有通过。IX 询问职业、身份或人物。1, -Whats your father / mother? -你的父亲 / 母亲是做什么的？-Hes a doctor. / Shes a teacher. -他是一名医生。/ 她是一名教
25、师。2, -What does you mother / father do? -你的母亲 / 父亲是做什么的？-Shes a TV reporter. / Hes a teacher. He teaches English.-她是一名电视台记者。/他是一名教师。他教英语。3, -Whos that man / woman? -那位男士 / 女士是谁？-Hes my father. / Shes my mother. -他是我父亲。 / 她是我母亲。4, -Whos this boy / girl? -那个男孩儿 / 女孩儿是谁？-Hes my brother. / Shes my siste
26、r. -他是我兄弟。 / 她是我姐妹。5, -Whos your art teacher? -你们的美术老师是谁？-Miss Wang. -王老师。-Whats she like? -她长什么样儿？-Shes young and thin. -她很年轻、苗条。X 询问兴趣、喜好。1, -Whats your favourite food / drink? -你最喜欢的食物 / 饮料是什么？-Fish / orange juice. -鱼。 / 橙汁。2, -Whats your favourite season? -你最喜欢的季节是什么？-Winter. -冬天。(-Which season
27、do you like best? （-你最喜欢哪个季节？ -Winter.) -冬天。）-Why do you like winter? -你为什么喜欢冬天？-Because I can make a snowman. -因为可以堆雪人。3, -Whats your hobby? -你的爱好是什么？-I like collecting stamps. -我喜欢集邮。-Whats his hobby? -他的爱好是什么？-He likes riding a bike. -他喜欢骑自行车。4, -Do you like peaches? -你喜欢吃桃子吗？-Yes, I do. / No, I
28、dont. -喜欢。/ 不喜欢。XI 询问平时一般或通常做的事情。1, -What do you do on Saturdays / on the weekends? -你星期六 / 周末一般做什么？-I usually do my homework. Sometimes I play football. -我通常做作业，有时候踢足球。XII 询问正在做的事情。1, -What are you doing? -你在做什么？-Im doing the dishes. -我在洗盘子。2, -Whats your father doing? -你父亲正在做什么？-Hes writing an e-m
29、ail. -他正在写电子邮件。3, -Whats Mike doing? -迈克正在干什么？-Hes watching insects. -他正在观察昆虫。4, -Whats the tiger doing? -那只老虎在干什么？-Its running. -它在奔跑。5, -What are the elephants doing? -那些大象在干什么？-Theyre drinking. -它们正在喝水。XIII 询问将要做的事情。1, -What are you going to do? -你准备做什么？-Im going to the cinema. -我准备去看电影。-When are you going to do? -你准备什么时候去？-This afternoon. -今天下午。2, -Where are you going
