1、人教版新版八年级英语下册Unit1 知识要点Unit1 Whats the matter?一、语法：1、对身体健康状况的询问询问病人病情时最常用的是：Whats the matter？意思是“怎么了”，其后通常与with连用。Whats the matter with him/her？ 他/她怎么了？类似的问句还有：Whats wrong？Whats wrong with you？Whats your trouble？Whats the trouble with you？Whats up？回答：He/She has a cold.他（她）感冒了。have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病”（a
2、toothache牙疼；a fever发烧；a sore throat喉咙痛；a stomachache胃痛；a cough咳嗽；a headache头疼；a sore back背痛；a nosebleed流鼻血；a heart problem心脏病）身体部位+ache（疼痛）构成新的复合词 stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛He hurt himself.（She hurt herself.）他伤到了自己。He gets sunburned.他晒伤了。cu
3、t his finger 切手指 get hit on the head 撞到头 get hit by the ball 被球撞到 get sick 感到不舒服 cut himself 割伤自己2、情态动词should的用法表示“应该，应当”should作为情态动词最基本的意思是“应该”既可指有责任或义务 “应该”做某事。He should work harder. 他应该更加努力。You should help your mother with the housework. 你应该帮你母亲做家务。Crime should be punished. 犯罪应受惩罚。表示建议或劝告should 表
4、示建议或劝告时意为“应该”： You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。 You should go and ask your teacher. 你应该去问问老师。 【注】有时语气较强，含有命令的意味： You should leave at once. 你应该马上离开 。表示推断should 表示推断时意为“应该”、“可能”： They should be there by now, I think. 我想现在他们都已经到了。 The concert should be great fun. 音乐会应该很有意思。 The poems should be out in
5、 a month or so. 个把月之后这些诗估计就可以出版了。 With an early start he should be here by noon. 动身得早，他中午就该到这里了。 【注】should表示推断时，语气较肯定，通常是指非常可能的事(因为暗示有一定的事实依据或合乎常理)，而may, might, could等表示推测时，则语气较不肯定，尤其是might, could。请看下面示例： When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can
6、 B. should C. might D. need 在四个备选项中，A、B和C均表示推测，但A通常不用于肯定句中表示推测，故不宜选；B和C虽均可用于肯定句表示推测，但根据对话情景顾客下午要照片，如果店主中午12点还不能把照片冲洗出来，那么生意肯定难做成，所以店主应用肯定语气较强的should(=应该)来回答顾客，而不是用语气较弱的might(=有可能)，即应选B不选C。用于征求意见主要用于第一人称的疑问句形式： Should I open the window? 我可以打开窗户吗？ Where should I meet you tonight? 我今晚该到哪儿与你见面？ What sho
7、uld we do now? 我们现在该干什么呢？ 【注】该用法与Shall I (we)?的用法相似。should表示意外或惊讶 Its strange that he should come so late. 他竟然来这么迟真是奇怪。Im sorry that this should have happened. 我很遗憾竟然发生这种事。Im surprised that he should say so. 他竟这样说，这使我很惊讶。 有时与why, who, how 等疑问词连用：表示粗暴地拒绝一项建议、要求或指示 What time does the film start? 电影什么时
8、候开始?How should I know? 我怎么知道? Anns very unhappy. 安非常不高兴。Why should I care? 这管我什么事? Could your wife help us in the office tomorrow? 你妻子明天能到办公室来帮帮我们吗?Why should she? She doesnt work for you. 她为什么就该去? 她又不是为你们工作的。3、反身代词的用法：表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。反身代词可译为“本人
9、”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常译为“亲自”、“自己”。（1）反身代词的构成：第一、二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上-self或-selves构成的。如：I-myselfwe-ourselves you（单数）- yourselfyou（复数）- yourselves第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加上-self或-selves构成的。如：she-herself he -himself it-itself they-themselvesone-oneself（2）反身代词的用法：作动词或介词的宾语：经常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat
10、, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for, to, of等介词后作宾语。如：He is teaching herself English.她在自学英语。She was talking to herself.她自言自语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权为自己做出决定。The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。S
11、he could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。作主语或宾语的同位语：加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末。译作“亲自，本身，本人”。如：Did you make the cake yourself? 这蛋糕是你亲自做的吗?(yourself作主语you的同位语)The work itself is easy.这工作本身很容易。(itself作主语the work的同位语)Did you see Mr. Wang himself? 你见过王先生
12、本人吗？(himself作宾语Mr. Wang的同位语)The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Mrs. Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。Dont trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。You yourself said so. / You said so yourself.
13、 你自己是这样说的。Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。3. 作表语：在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。如：The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。4. 用于一些简短的会话用语或固定说法中。如：Help yourself! 请随便吃吧！/请自己去取吧!Make yourself at
14、 home! 别客气！Dont upset yourself! 别自寻烦恼！Make yourself heard /understood. 使你的话被人听得见/理解。5、常用短语：by oneself 全靠自己 say to oneself 自言自语 enjoy oneself 玩的高兴 hurt oneself 伤害自己 help oneself（to）随便用 teach oneself 自学get dressed oneself 自己穿衣 seat oneself 就坐二、知识要点：1、She talked too much yesterday and didnt drink enoug
15、h water. too much常用作副词或代词,也可以用作形容词修饰不可数名词.如：Is watching TV too much good or bad for your health? 电视看得太多对你的健康有益还是有害?Youve given me too much.你给我的太多了.Weve had too much rain lately.最近我们这里的雨下得太多了.拓展：much too常作副词,后接副词或形容词.如：He drove much too fast.他开车开得太快了.It is much too cold.天实在太冷了.too many常用作形容词,修饰可数名词复数
16、.如：They built too many buildings last year.去年他们建了许多楼房.enough【形容、副词】足够的/地。1）作形容词：enough作形容词时，意思是“充足的”、“足够的”，后面常跟for引导的短语。修饰名词时，位置可前可后。 e have enough time/time enough to get to the station. 我们有足够的时间赶到车站。Are there enough seats for four persons? 有没有足够四个人的座位？ We have enough food for a month. 我们有足够维持一个月的食
17、物。 Six chairs should be enough. 六把椅子应该足够了。 Thats enough. Thank you. 够了，谢谢。2)作副词： enough作副词时，意为“充足地”、“足够地”，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它们之后。 I was foolish enough to believe her. 我相信了她，真是太傻了。 This room is large enough for us to sleep in. 这个房间足够大，我们可以睡.(不可说enough large) He knows the situation well enough. 对他情况了解得非常清楚。
18、（不可说enough well”）He has eaten enough. 他已经饱了。（enough还可以修饰副词和动词，但必须后置。） 3）当enough和另一形容词同时修饰一个名词时，enough放在形容词之后，此时，enough修饰形容词时，结构为“adj.+ enough+名词”, 表示“足够的”, 如： a large enough room一间足够大的房间 a deep enough well 一口足够深的井2、lie down and rest 躺下休息lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺着，过去式lay；lie说谎，过去式lied1)lie用作规则动词(lie，lied，l
19、ied)时意为“说谎”。现在分词lying。He wasnt telling the truth. He lied again/He was lying. 他没讲实话，他又撒谎了。/他在撒谎。 She lied to us about her job. 她就她的工作对我们撒了谎。【注意】表示“说谎”这一意思时，lie也可用作名词。我们一般说tell a lie或tell lies，而不说say/talk/speak a lie(或lies)。如要说“我痛恨说谎话”，可以说I hate lying或I hate telling lies，一般不说I hate lie或I hate to lie。
20、hate to lie尽管句法正确，但似乎含有“虽然不愿，但仍不得不说谎”之意。2)lie用作不规则动词(lie，lay，lain)时，表示“躺”，“(东西)平放”，“位于”等意。Hes still lying in bed. 他还躺在床上。 Kathy lay on the bed and read.凯西躺在床上看书。延伸：in bed，on the bed in bed和on the bed【也可以是in ones bed和on ones bed】含义有所不同。如果你在被子里准备睡觉或者正在睡觉，那么用in bed【反之，起床则用out of bed】；如果你在被子外头，比如坐在床上打牌，
21、那么用on the bed。有些动词可能会用介词into，如Climb into bed和crawl into bed。in the bed 很少见，on bed 不存在He felt tired, so he went and lay down for a rest. 他感到疲劳，所以去躺下休息了。His books lay open on the desk when I went in. 我进去时，发现他的书平摊在书桌上。3、drink some hot tea with honey 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。 with ： prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。 with
22、 （反） without She is a girl with long hair. prep. 和.一起 I like to talk freely with my friends. prep 用.， 表示“使用某种工具”Cut it with a knife.4、see a dentist and get an x- ray. 看牙医并且拍张x光。 see a dentist = go to a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生 5、Maybe you have a fever也许你发烧了 maybe “或许”，常用于句首，表示可能
23、性，后加句子。Maybe you are right.may be，是情态动词+be的结构，意为“可能，也许”，后加名词、代词或形容词。He may be angry.6、No，It doesnt sound like you have a fever.不用，听起来你不像发烧。 sound like+名词、代词和从句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.【拓展】 “感官动词+ like feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like
24、尝起来像7、You need to take breaks away from the computer.你需要离开电脑信息一下。 need 需要，实义动词need+名词，需要某物；need to do sth.需要做某事，主语通常是人，表示人主动的动作：You need to listen carefully during class.need doing sth.主语通常是物，表示被动的动作：Your dirty clothes need washing.take breaks=take a break 休息(强调动作) have a break 休息（强调状态）Were having a
25、 break under the tree.8、I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.我想我以同样的姿势一动不动地坐得太久了。in the same way用同样的方法；同样地Now talk about yourself in the same way. 现在用同样的方式谈谈你自己. without doing sth. He went to school without eating breakfast. 他没吃早饭就去上学去了。I let the day away without doing anything
26、at all. 我一点事也没干就让一天过去了。9、At 9:00 a.m . yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 昨天上午9:00 , 26路公共汽车正沿着中华路行驶，这时，司机看见一位老人躺在马路上。along： prep “顺着；沿着”， 强调顺着水平方向 。 My father has habit(习惯) of jogging along the Jinchuan River for an hour
27、 in the morning . see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在发生）see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事（看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生）I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他正在花园里干活。（正在干）I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。（干活的全过程）类似：wacth/hear/notice+sb+doing sth wacth/hear/notice+sb+do sth10、The bus driver,
28、24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking twice. 公共汽车司机，24岁的王平，毫不犹豫的停下了车。 24-year-old 24岁的 “数词+名词+形容词”构成复合形容词，在句中作定语，用连字符后连接，名词用单数Tom, a five-year-old boy, is the only child of the family.11、He got off and asked the woman what happened. 他下车问那名妇女发生了什么事。 get off (the bus) 下（公交车） get on 上
29、车与get相关的短语：get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达12、But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. 但令他吃惊的是，所有的乘客都同意和他一起去医院。 surprise spraz v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at
30、 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶 Surprise n 惊讶 to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 agree v同意，赞同；同意做某事观点 。 (反)disagree agreement n同意 (1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you. (2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 I think English is more useful than Chinese. I dont agree with
31、 you. They are both useful.13、Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers , the doctor saved the man in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客的帮助， 医生及时挽救了那位老人的生命。 thanks to 多亏了；由于 1 thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后接名词、代词或v+ing， 这个短语表示原因，意为“由于、多亏”，to表示感谢的对象 2 thanks for，意为“因而感谢”，for后接感谢的原因，常为名词或v-ing thanks相当于 thank you Thanks to the teacher, Ive made great progress. 多亏老师的帮助，我取得了很大的进步。 Thanks for sending me such a nice present.感谢你送给我这么精美
