1、考研1988年考研英语真题1988年考研英语真题Section I Structure and VocabularyIn each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choices in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)EXAMPLE:I was caught _ the rain yesterday.A inB byC withD atAN
2、SWER: A1. I didnt buy the apples; she gave them to me _ nothing.A withB asC for（C）D by2. Its _ my power to make final decision on the matter.A offB outsideC above（D）D beyond3. I should say Henry is not _ much a writer as a reporter.A thatB soC this（B）D as4. I wont pay 20 for the coat; its not worth
3、_.A all that muchB that much allC that all much（A）D much all that5. He didnt go into detail on the subject; he spoke _.A in commonB in generalC in particular（C）D in short6. Its true that the old road is less direct and a bit longer. We wont take the new one, _, because we dont feel as safe on it.A s
4、omehowB thoughC therefore（B）D otherwise7. When you are about through the story _, try to make a guess how the plot will develop.A halfB midwayC halfway（C）D one-half8. Though already a teenager, Peter still finds it hard to _ his favorite toys.A part offB part withC part away（B）D part from9. Strenuou
5、s efforts have been made to _ government expenses to a desirable level.A cut downB cut shortC cut out（A）D cut off10. When at a party, be sure not to _ from the person who tries to engage you in conversation.A turn downB turn awayC turn off（C）D turn back11. The survival _ of some wild animals is not
6、very high as they are ruthlessly hunted for their skins.A rateB degreeC ratio（A）D scale12. He was _ admittance to the theatre for not being properly dressed.A deniedB rejectedC repelled（A）D deprived13. When I ask you a question, I expect a _ answer.A punctualB fastC rapid（D）D prompt14. If a man is l
7、egally separated from his wife, is he still _ for her debts?A answerableB chargeableC recoverable（A）D payable15. At the meeting, Roland argued _ in favor of the proposal.A severelyB heavilyC forcefully（C）D warmlySection II Reading ComprehensionEach of the three passages below is followed by some que
8、stions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and chose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)Text 1It doesnt come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you cant rememb
9、er it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You remember better what you read when you know why youre r
10、eading.Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. Im just looking”? Both you and she know that if you arent sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.”
11、She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off - both eager to look for exactly what you want.Its quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just that - nothing. But if you do know what you want, and
12、if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for what he is doing.This is the way it works. Before yo
13、u start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. Im reading this article to find out.” Or, “Im going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval England.” Because you know why you are reading or studyin
14、g, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you express your own ideas to yourself as you react to what yo
15、u read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. Thats my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. Id better check those dates,” or “But there are some other facts to be consi
16、dered!” You dont just sit there taking in ideas - you do something else, and that something else is very important.This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it for your own purposes. In other words, a good reader i
17、s a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are ones own personal reactions.Another part of critical reading is judging sources. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.1
18、6. If you cannot remember what you read or study, _.A it is no surpriseB it means you have not really learned anythingC it means you have not chosen the right book（B）D you realize it is of no importance17. Before you start reading, it is important _.A to make sure why you are readingB to relate the
19、information to your purposeC to remember what you read（A）D to choose an interesting book18. Reading activity involves _.A only two simultaneous processesB primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them criticallyC merely distinguishing between facts and opinions（B）D mainly drawing accurate infer
20、ences19. A good reader is one who _.A relates what he reads to his own knowledge about the subject matterB does lots of thinking in his readingC takes a critical attitude in his reading（C）D is able to check the facts presented against what he has already knownText 2If you live in a large city, you a
21、re quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior. Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, i.e., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define
22、 it more precisely for scientific purposes. One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand. Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment. In recent years there has
23、 been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or complete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and freque
24、ncy composition of the noise. Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working (or sitting) in music halls where rock bands are playing. In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels (a measure of the loudness o
25、f sound) can be considered dangerous. Decibel values correspond to various sounds. Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss. Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the so
26、und is continuous or intermittent.Noise can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind (e.g., watching a radar screen for
27、 the appearance of aircraft).Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise. If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to compensa
28、te for the effect. The problem is noise.20. Noise differs from sound in that _.A it is sounds that interfere with the task being doneB it is a special type of loud soundC it is usually unavoidable in big cities（A）D it can be defined more precisely than the latter21. One of the harmful effects of noi
29、se on human performance is that _.A it reduces ones sensitivityB it renders the victim helplessC it deprives one of the enjoyment of music（A）D it drowns out conversations at worksites22. The purpose of this passage is _.A to define the effects of noise on human behaviorB to warn people of the danger
30、 of noise pollutionC to give advice as to how to prevent hearing loss（A）D to tell the difference between noise and soundText 3The traditional belief that a womans place is in the home and that a woman ought not to go out to work can hardly be reasonably maintained in present conditions. It is said t
31、hat it is a womans task to care for the children, but families today tend to be small and with a year or two between children. Thus a womans whole period of childbearing may occur within five years. Furthermore, with compulsory education from the age of five or six her role as chief educator of her children soon ceases. Thus, even if we agree that
