1、初一英语名词讲解及练习名词1、名词分类：名词分为普通名词和专有名词普通名词：表示同一类的人或物的名称，又可分为个体名词，如boy, house, insect, tiger等；物质名词，如air, snow, bread, rice等；抽象名词，如glory, honesty, failure, education等。专有名词：表示个人、国家、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称，如Cheng Du, China, Obama, China Central Television等。名词的两大考点：数与格二、名词的数1.普通名词：可数名词和不可数名词(1)可数名词：包括个体名词和集体名词个体名词: 表示
2、个体的人或事物名称的词。如：teacher, student, boy, book, bag每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。A. 单数 表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加 a 或 an。如 a book（一本书）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。B. 复数 表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pencils（两枝铅笔）、three weeks（三周）等。 集合名词：表示一群人或一些事物名称的词。如：people, family, class, furniture复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。规则名词复数形式
3、的构成词形复数形式的构成方法 例 词 大多数名词 在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读s，在浊辅音及元音后读z。） catcatsbook-booksdog-dogsbagbagsboy- boys 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词 在词尾加 -es, 读作iz。 glassglassesmatchmatches 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的名词 把 y 变成 i , 加 -es, 读作iz citycities 但专有名词例外，直接在 y后加-s, 读作z CanadianCanadians AmericanAmericans以辅音字母 +o 结尾的名词 一般直接加 -es,读作z; tomatotoma
4、toespotato potatoes某些词例外,加 -skilo-kilos, pianopianos, photophotos以元音字母+o结尾的名词 直接加 -s, 但读作z zoozoosradioradios 以f或fe结尾的名词 有的直接加 -s, 读作z roofroofs 大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作z leafleaveswifewives knifeknivesyourself-yourselves不规则名词复数形式的构成复数形式的构成特点 例 词 通过改变词内元音字母 manmen footfeettoothteeth mousemice（老鼠） 通过在词尾
5、加-en或-ren oxoxen（牛） childchildren 单复数形式相同 a sheeptwo sheep a deertwo deer（鹿）a Chinesetwo Chinese（中国人） 注意事项:只能用于复数形式的名词有: clothes, trousers, pants, shoes, socks单数名词用于复数含义: people, public, police特殊名词的讲解：people 作“人们，人民”解时，只有复数形式，谓语动词作复数。作“民族”解时，单复数不同，复数要在词尾加s。There are five people in my family. 我家有五口人。
6、 There are fifty-six peoples in our country.我们国家有56个民族。clothes等属于无单数形式的复数名词，谓语作复数。例：My favorite clothes are pants. pants , shoes , glasses ,shorts，scissors等名词，由两部分构成，常以复数形式出现，谓语动词要用复数。要表示单数常用a pair of表示，此时如作主语，谓语要作单数看待。例：Your pants are blue. This pair of pants is mine. 集体名词看作整体时，谓语用单数; 指成员时，谓语用复数。 H
7、is family is a large family. 指整体 His family like animals. 指成员有的名词单复数意思不同：例：hair 和fruit 通常作单数，表示总体。My hair is black. 我的头发是黑色的。I like fruit .Its good for you.我喜欢水果,水果对你的身体有好处。但如果表示若干根头发或各种水果，则需用复数形式. Homer Simpson has three hairs.辛普森有三根头发。She likes pears, peaches and other fruits. 他喜欢梨，桃和其它水果。(2)不可数名词
8、：包括物质名词和抽象名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的名词。如：coffee, hair, juice, water, rice抽象名词：表示状态，品质，动作，感情等抽象概念的名词。如：health, happiness, help个体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词可数名词不可数名词普通名词 专有名词注意事项：1. 不可数名词没有复数变化,不能与a/an 或表示具体数量的词直接连用。这些名词前往往加some, any, no, a little等词。如; some water/ apple juice/ milk 2. 当需要表达名词的单位的量时候就要用：数词+量词+Of+名词 来表述。用量词修饰
9、时，首先要注意量词的单复数；然后要注意名词是否可数,不可数时用单数,可数时用复数,如： one bag of rice. one kilo of apples.ten bags of rice . ten kilos of apples.对量词的提问句型对可数名词的数量提问用how many；对不可数名词的数量提问要用how much，但对不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用how many。如： I would like two apples. How many apples would you like? I want some bread. How much bread do y
10、ou want?I want three glasses of water.How many glasses of water do you want？询问价格用How much，如: How much is the coat? How much are the coats?二. 名词的所有格所有格的构成 ：1. 有生命的名词 2. 无生命的名词有生命的名词 （1）一般单数名词后加s. 如：my brothers book，Jacks cat，the girls pen （2）以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，只需在名词右上方加。 如：the girls dormitory，a teachers
11、college 注意：在不规则复数名词后，要加s.如：womens clothes.（3）如果一样东西为两个人共有，在后一个名词词尾加s， 如： Tom and Peters room 汤姆和彼得的房间（共有） （4） 如果一样东西不是共有的，两个名词都要加s. 如： Toms and Peters rooms 汤姆的房间和彼得的房间（不共有）无生命名词: 无生命的名词的所有格，通常用“of+名词”的结构来表示。如：the windows of the room （房间的窗户） a picture of the horse （一张马的照片）名词习题一 写出下列名词的复数形式： 1. house
12、 _ 2. it _ 3. zoo _ 4. orange _ 5. bag _ 6. exercise _ 7. brush _ 8. family _ 9. bus _ 10. city _ 11. box _ 12. baby _ 13. class _ 14. factory _ 15. glass _ 16. dictionary _ 17. watch _ 18. woman _ 19. match _ 20. man _ 21. this_ 22. German _ 23. tomato _ 24. policeman _ 25. kilo _ 26. human _ 27. p
13、otato _ 28. Chinese _ 29. shelf _ 30. Japanese _ 31. leaf _ 32. American _ 33. life _ 34. tooth _ 35. wife _ 36. foot _ 37. knife _ 38. sheep _ 39. half _ 40. child _ 41.tooth _ 42.mouth_二选择填空： 1. I want to buy _. A. two bottles of ink B. two bottle of ink C. two bottle of inks D. two bottles of ink
14、s 2. They dont have to do _ today. A. much homework B. many homeworks C. many homework D. much homeworks 3. There are three _ and seven _ in the picture. A. cows, sheeps B. cows, sheep C. cow, sheep D. cow, sheeps 4. June 1 is _. A. childrens day B. childrens Day C. Childrens Day D. Childrens day 5.
15、 _ room is next to their parents. A. Kates and Joans B. Kates and Joan C. Kate and Joans D. Kate and Joan 6. Miss Green is a friend of _. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers D. mothers of Mary 7. Sheep _ white and milk _ also white. A. is, are B. are, is C. is, is D. are, are 8. Id like
16、 to have a glass of milk and _. A. two breads B. two pieces of breads C. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread 9. Many _ are singing over there. A. woman B. women C. girl D. child 10. He bought _. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoes C. two pairs of shoe D. two pair of shoe 11. Mr. White h
17、as three _. A. child B. children C. childs D. childrens 12. -Are these _? - No, they arent. Theyre _. A.sheep, cows B. sheep, cow C. sheeps, cow D. sheeps, cows 13. There are many _ in the fridge. A. fish B. fruit C. eggs D. bread 14. - Whose room is this? - Its _. A. Li Ming B. Li Mings C. Li Mings
18、 D. Li Mings 15. Here are _ for you, Sue. A. potatos B. some potatoes C. three tomatos D. some tomato 16. Here are some birthday cards with our best _ for her. A. wish B. hope C. wishes D. hopes 17. I always go to that _ to buy food on Sunday. A. shop B. park C. zoo D. garden 18. _ room is on the 5t
19、h floor. A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lilys C. Lucys and Lily D. Lucys and Lilys 19. Mum, Im quite thirsty. Please give me _. A. two orange B. two bottle of oranges C. two bottles of orange D. two bottles of oranges 20. 10. The cat caught two _ last night. A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices21. I me
20、t some _ in the park and talked with them the other day. A. Janpaneses B. American C. Chineses D. English 22. There are two _ in the room. A. shelf B. shelfs C. shelfes D. shelves 23. There are seven _ in a week. 14、大我数地区的自来水水源取自水库、湖泊或河流。自来水是主要的饮用水，饮用水源受到污染，会直接影响我们的身体健康。A. years B. months C. days D.
21、 minutes 第一单元 微小世界24. My father is a _. He works in a hospital. A. teacher B. doctor C. farmer D. writer 25. - Excuse me, are you _? - Yes, Im from _. A. Japan, Japanese B. China, Chinese C. England, English D. American, America26. They are _ jackets. A. Lucy s B. Lucy 6、二氧化碳气体有什么特点？27. What color i
22、s _ coat. A. Peters B. Peter 28. These are _ books. A. teacherss B. teachers 5、在咀嚼米饭过程中，米饭出现了甜味，说明了什么？29. They are _ ice creams A. children B. childrens13、1663年，英国科学家罗伯特.胡克用自制的复合显微镜观察一块软木薄片的结构，发现它们看上去像一间间长方形的小房间，就把它命名为细胞。30. This is _ bag. A. Tom and Peter B.Toms and Peters 8、地球自转一周的时间是一天；地球公转一周的时间是
23、一年；月球公转一周的时间是农历一个月。31. Where are _ . A. the schools students B. students of the school 15、为了便于辨认，人们把看起来不动的星星分成群，划分成不同的区域，根据其形态想象成人、动物或其他物体的形状，并且给它们命名。天空中这些被人们分成的许多区域就称为星座。32. Those are _ bags. A. driverss B. drivers10、由于煤、石油等化石燃料消耗的急剧增加，产生了大量的二氧化碳，使空气中的二氧化碳含量不断增加，导致全球气候变暖、土壤沙漠化、大陆和两极冰川融化，给全球环境造成了巨大的
24、压力。33.This bag is _ . A. Marys and Toms B. Mary and Toms16、大量的研究事实说明生命体都是由细胞组成的，生物是由细胞构成的。我们的皮肤表面，每平方厘米含有的细胞数量超过10万个。34. _ fathers are coming. A. Marys and Kates B. Marys and Kate C. Mary and Kates35.How _ are these books? A. many B. much 36. This pair of pants _ blue. I like _ very much. A. is, it
25、B. are, them C. is, them D. are, it 18、大多数生物都是由多细胞组成的，但也有一些生物，它们只有一个细胞，称为单细胞生物。如草履虫、变形虫、细菌等。37.How _ glasses of water do you want? A. many B. much 38. This is _. A. Mike and Jims bike B. Mikes and Jim bike C. Mikes and Jims bike D. Mike and Jim bike 39. These are _.A. Amy and Linglings room B. Amys
26、and Linglings roomC. Amys and Linglings rooms D. Amy and Linglings room40. My _ _ big and my _ _ happy. A. family is family are B. family is families are三根据句意用所给词的适当形式填空1. I have a lot of _ to do. (homework)2. There are seven _ in a week. (day)3. How many _ can you see? (tomato)4. Miss Guo is wearin
27、g a pair of _. (glass)5. There are five _ in the picture. (child )6. There are two_ over there（bench）7. I like taking _（photo）8. l can see two_ standing there（woman）9. There are two baskets of_ on the floor（apple）10.There are three_（knife）11. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?12. There is some_
28、(food) in the basket.13. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.14. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.15. There are five_(people ) in his family.16. Lets take_(photo), OK? 17. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.18. The_(child) are playing games on the playground now.19. Their_(dictionary) are very new.20. I see you have a few white_(hair).21. They are_(woman) doctors.22. Can you give me some b
