1、英语简单句五种基本句型,名词 Nouns(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。形容词Adjectives(a.)：表示人或事物的特征，如：bad,beautiful副词 Adverb(adv.)：修饰动词，形容词或其它副词，如：very,quickly 动词 Verb：(vi.vt.)：表示动作或状态如：study,be 代词 Pronoun(pron.)：代替名词，数词等，如：they,one 数词 Numeral(num.)：表示数量或顺序，如：five,tenth 冠词 Articles(art.)：限制名词的意义，a,an,the介词 Preposition(prep.)：表示名词，代词和其它
2、词的关系，如：in,for,of 连词 Conjunction(conj.)：连结词与词或句与句，如：and,because 感叹词 Interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的感情或口气，如：oh,hey My room is very clean and tidy because I often clean it.,英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主谓宾）基本句型三：+（主谓/系表）
3、基本句型四:+InO+D(主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五:+O（主谓宾宾补）,五种基本句型,基本句型 一(subject)+V(verb)（主谓）特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词（vi），后面可以 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。e.g.An accident happened yesterday.c.f.He walks very fast.He walks his dog every day.He walks a strong dog every day.,基本句型 二+（主谓宾）特点：谓语动词都是实义动词，但不能表 达完整的意思，必须跟宾语，即动 作的承受者，才能使
4、意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词(vt)。e.g.We like this movie.S,V,o,她经常帮她妈妈。She often helps her mother.2.我想要一杯茶。I want a cup of tea.,基本句型 三+（主系表）特点：句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。系动词可分四类：1）be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的 作用,后可接动词外的任何词；注意 c.f.He is a student.He is playing pingpong.He is smart.
5、2）感官动词类 look,feel,smell,taste,sound等 3）表示变化：get,grow,become,turn,go等 4）表示状态延续：stay,keep,remain,stand等 以及prove 等。,S V(link-V.)PThis is an English dictionary.Everything looks different.天气更凉爽了。The weather becomes cooler.,13,英语基本句型4 双宾语结构 说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies ever
6、y day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask等；（需借助for 的）buy,call,cook,choose,dr
7、aw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare等。,14,1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3请把那本字典递给我好吗？4他把车票给列车员看。,Mr Johnson taught us German,last year.,Grandma told me an interesting story,last night.,Would you please pass me the dictionary?,He showed the ticket to the conductor.,英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明:此结构由“主语+
8、及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如：The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on.,16,巩固练习：1我们叫她Alice.(call)2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。(consider)3我要你把真相告诉我。(Want)
9、4.卫兵命令我们立即离开。(order)5.每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。(hear)6他每个月理一次发(have sth.done)7我们不会让她在晚上外出的。(let),We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guards ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,He has his hair cut once a month.,We won
10、t let her go out at night.,1.They work hard.主+谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.Many animals live in trees.主+谓,7.The cake tastes delicious.主+系+表8.Classes begin at eight every day.主+谓9.They havent d
11、ecided where to gonext.主+谓+宾10.Jim cannot dress himself.主+谓+宾11.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.主+谓+直宾+间宾12.Shall I call you a taxi?主+谓+直宾+间宾,13.The sun keeps us warm.主+谓+宾+宾补14.The potatoes went bad.主+系+表15.You must get your hair cut.主+谓+宾+宾补16.She sat there alone,reading a novel.主+谓17.They m
12、ade Tom monitor.主+谓+宾+宾补18.I heard him singing.主+谓+宾+宾补,以上五种基本句型结构共同点是什么（都含有哪些成分）？,五种基本句型都含有主语和谓语，其中谓语是一个句子的灵魂，也是判断句子属于简单句，并列句还是复合句的依据。即“一句一谓”原则如果句子只有一个谓语，即可判断该句为简单句如果句子中有两个或以上谓语，则句子属于并列句或复合句。,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students
13、name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hurry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,并列句和复合句的区别,复合句的主句和从句之间有从属关系，所谓从属关系即从句是主句的某个成分
14、，所以复合句有定语从句，状语从句，名词性从句（主从，宾从，表从，同位从）。而并列句中，由连接词（主要是or,but,and,so四大类，每类可分别延伸。）连接的两个句子是独立的，互不充当成分。,按结构英语句子主要可以分成三种：简单句，并列句，复合句 e.g.1)The teachers name is Smith.2)The teachers name is Smith and the students name is John.3)He is Smith who likes going hiking.-4)He is Smith and he likes going hiking.5)Hur
15、ry up,or youll be late.6)I saw him when I walked past the street.7)He often gets up early because he wants to catch the early bus.,简单句,并列句,复合句,并列句,并列句,复合句,复合句,基本句型的扩展:e.g.We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers.We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。,made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.,_,
