1、上海市初三英语自招词汇拓展精讲精练1易混常考词性转换专练+用法拓展辨析suggestion apologize retirement mud manage special invent feed attend moneybag1. How do the clowns _amuse the audience?【答案】manage to【解析】 分析句子成分可知，此句缺少动词【词转】（1）managerial adj. 管理的（2）manageable adj.有趣的（3）management n.管理（4）manager n.经理【同义词辨析】control, direct, govern, m
2、anage, rule, supervise, administer这些动词均有“管理、支配”之意。 control含义广泛的常用词，指对人或物施以约束或控制的力量。 direct侧重行使领导或指导权。 govern侧重指运用任何控制的权力来统治或管理一个国家、一个社会或一个部门，暗含能力和知识的运用。manage强调对具体事务机构进行管理，有时含受权管理或处理之意。 rule强调用绝对或独裁的权力来管理或统治。 supervise侧重指运用本身的或被授予的权力来管理、检查工作，含监督意味。 administer指官方的或正式的对事务的管理。2. youd better _ your stuf
3、f when you travel alone.【答案】suggest【解析】此空应填一个动词【词转】suggestive adj 提示的suggestible adj 可建议 的 受影响的suggestion n 建议【同义词辨析】mean, imply, indicate, represent, denote, signify, suggest这些动词均含有“表示的意思”之意。 mean最普通用词。指文字或符号等所表示的各种明确的或含蓄的意义。 imply侧重用文字或符号表示的联想，暗示。 indicate指明显的表示。 represent指体现或代表。 denote指某一词字面或狭义的意
4、思，或指某些符号或迹象的特指含义。 signify指用文字、说话或表情等表示单纯的意思。suggest通常指暗含地、隐晦地表达意思。3. the _ thought of the professor surprises me.【答案】monetary【解析】分析句子成分，可知此空应该填一个形容词【词转】monetary adj财政的monetarist adj货币主义的monetarism adj货币主义moneybag n财富monetize v使成为货币【同义词辨析】money, cash, coin, currency这些名词均有“(金)钱”之意。money钱的通称，可以是硬币可以是纸币
5、，也可指用作货币的其它物品。 cash特指立即可以兑现的现金或现款。coin指铸造的硬币。 currency指在流通中的货币，是全部流通中通货的总称，也可指纸币。4. when will you get _【答案】retired【解析】根据题意，这空缺少形容词【词转】retired adj 退休的retiring adj 不善社交的retirement n 退休【同义词辨析】retire: 指从公开或公共场合退下到私下场所，也指被免除职务或自动辞职、退役等。retreat : 含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却的行动。withdraw : 侧重因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军
6、队的撤退。5.We need _! said the loyal soldier【答案】food【解析】分析句子成分，可知此空应该填一个名词【词转】（1）foodie n美食家（2）feed v喂养【同义词辨析】food diet nourishment这些动词都含“食品”之意。 food 通常指食物的总称diet通常指饮食习惯nourishment通常指营养品6. He received a formal _ from the company.【答案】 apology【解析】 分析句子成分，formal是形容词，后面接名词。结合句意推测，他从这个公司接受了一个正式的。结合所给词，可判断此空可
7、填道歉apology。【词转】（1）apologize v. 道歉;谢罪例句：We apologize for the late departure of this flight.【固定搭配】apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉（2）apology n. 道歉;谢罪;(因不能赴会或提前离会的)致歉例句：We received a letter of apology.（3）apologetic adj. 道歉的;谢罪的;愧疚的例句：Sorry, she said, with an apologetic smile.（4）apologetically adv. 抱歉
8、地例句：Was I driving too fast? asked the driver apologetically.7. The ground become _ after it rained more heavily.【答案】muddier【解析】 分析句子成分，become是系动词，后接形容词。结合句意，在一场更大的雨之后，地面变得。要注意暗含的比较级。【词转】（1）mud n. 泥;淤泥;泥浆例句：The car wheels got stuck in the mud.【同义词辨析】soil、mud、clay、land、earth、dirt、ground（1）soil指土壤：例句：P
9、lant the seedlings in damp soil.（2）mud指泥、淤泥、泥浆：例句：The car wheels got stuck in the mud.（3）clay指黏土、陶土：例句：The tiles are made of clay.（4）land尤指某种类型的地带、土地：例句：an area of rich, fertile land（5）earth指土、泥、泥土，常用以指花园里或种花用的泥土：例句：She put some earth into the pot.（6）dirt指泥土，尤指松土、散土：例句：Pack the dirt firmly around th
10、e plants.（7）ground指土地：例句：The car got stuck in the muddy ground.（2）muddy adj. 多泥的;泥泞的;浑浊的;灰暗的; v.使变得泥泞;使浑浊例句：The ground was still very muddy.（3）muddiness n. 沾满污泥（或泥浆），浑浊（4）muddle v. 弄乱;搅混;使困惑;使糊涂;分不清 n.糊涂;困惑; (局面)一团糟;混乱 例句：My thoughts are all in a muddle.【固定搭配】muddle through 胡乱应付过去；勉强蒙混过关muddle up 搞混
11、；弄乱8. The shop is designed for tourists to buy local _.【答案】specialty/speciality【解析】分析句子成分，local是形容词，后加名词。根据句意推测：这个店是为游客设计的，用来购买当地的特产。【词转】（1）special adj.特别的;不寻常的;重要的;特别关照的;有专门目的的例句：There is something special about this place.【同义词辨析】special、especial、particular、specific（1）special adj. 特别的，特殊的普通用词，指事物在质
12、量、特性、用途等方面不同于一般的，常含更重要或更好之意。例句：There is a special place in the bar for chatting.She has a special recipe for egg tart.Are you doing anything special for your 15th wedding anniversary?（2）especial adj. 英，正式特别的，特殊的和 special 基本同义，但更强调在程度上超出一般的，只作定语。例句： This is a matter of especial importance.He has an e
13、special dislike for jazz music.（3）particular adj. 特别的，特殊的，特有的强调个性或特殊性，即侧重于个别的、特别的、不同于一般的情况、特点等。例句：Do you have anything particular planned?You should pay particular attention to grammar.She showed particular concern for the disabled child.（4）specific adj. 特有的，特定的指某一事物具有特定属性、风格等的，只作定语。例句：The picture h
14、as a specific style.The money is to be used for a specific purpose.He wants a specific kind of analysis of the problem.（2）specially adv. 专门地;特意;格外;特别;尤其例句：The ring was specially made for her.（3）speciality n. 专业;专长;(某个地方的)特色食品，特产例句：His specialty is international law.（4）specialize v. 专门研究(或从事);专攻例句：Th
15、e shop specializes in hand-made chocolates.（5）specialist n. 专家;专科医生例句：I made an appointment to see a specialist.【同义词辨析】authority、boffin、expert、specialist（1）authority n. 权威人士指某学科或某方面的专家、大师，常后接介词 on。例句：We see him as an authority on American literature.She is a leading authority on wheat diseases.（2）bo
16、ffin n. 英，非正式科学家；专家指从事科学研究工作的科技人员或某一学科的专家。例句：automation/chemistry/physics boffins（3）expert n. 专家，内行指通过培训或实践获得了有关某一方面的特殊技能或知识的人，常后接介词 on/at/in。例句：a computer expertan expert in finance/teachingIn her opinion, the manager is an expert at getting his own way.（4）specialist n. 专家，行家指某一特定领域或研究中的专家，常可与 expe
17、rt 换用，常后接介词 in。例句：Dr. James is a specialist/an expert in information retrieval.He is a specialist/an expert in computer programming.9. He is one of the most talented and composers in modern music.【答案】 inventive根据句子结构，composer是一个名词，此空应填一个形容词。结合句意：他是现代音乐界最具天赋和创造力的作曲家之一。【词转】（1）invent v. 发明;创造;编造;捏造;虚构例
18、句：He invented the first electric clock.【同义词辨析】invent、create、devise（1）invent v. 发明，创造指通过研究、思考等制造出前所未有之物，多用于科技领域。例句：Who invented the printer?He didnt know when the telephone was invented.（2）create v. 创造，创建指创造出以前并不存在的新事物。例句：The government planned to create more than 200 new jobs.He created a new kind o
19、f game.（3）devise v. 设计，发明指想出做某事的新方法。例句：He devised a method to ease the traffic jams in the city.（2）invention n.发明;创意;创造;虚构;编造;虚构的故事例句：Fax machines were a wonderful invention at the time.（3）inventor n. 发明者;发明家;创造者例句：The machine is named after its inventor.（4）inventive adj. 善于创新的;有创意的;有新意的例句：She has a
20、 highly inventive mind.10. Sensors in school buildings read them to check pupils and location.【答案】 attendance【解析】根据句子结构，此空应填一个名词。根据句意，可推测：校舍中的传感器读取这些信息，以检查学生的出勤率和位置。【词转】（1）attend v. 出席;参加;经常去，定期去(某处);注意;专心例句：The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders.（2）attendant n.服务员;侍从,随从;(病人的)护理者 adj.伴随的;随之
21、而来的例句：Tony was working as a car-park attendant in Los Angeles.（3）attendance n. 出席;参加;上学;到场;出席人数例句：Teachers must keep a record of students attendances.【固定搭配】be in attendance 出席（特别活动） be in attendance (on sb.) 陪侍；随侍（某人）左右；服侍 take attendance 点名 dance attendance on sb. 讨好；奉承；迎合 动词适当形式填空1. Themeeting_ (t
22、ake place) nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.答案：to take place解析：根据句意“下周将要举行的会议一定会很成功”。会议在下周举行，此处为不定式做后置定语，表示动作将要发生。2. _ (inspire) bytheComradeLeiFeng,wetryourbesttodogooddeeds.答案：Inspired解析：根据句意“雷锋同志为我们树立了好榜样，我们将我们最大的努力做好事”。复合句的主语为we,与动词inspire 之间的关系是被激发，激励，所以此处为过去分词做原因状语。3. Itsnogood_ (wait) here.Let
23、sgohome.答案：waiting解析：根据句意“在这里等待没有什么意义，我们回家吧”。此处考察固定句型it is no good doing sth.4. Ilistenedtothewind,_(think) thathewouldnotcometonight.答案：thinking 解析：根据句意“我听着风声，想着他今晚不回来”。此处复合句主语为I,与think之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词做伴随状语。5. Willyoulendhimamagazine_ (read)?答案：to read解析：根据句意“你打算借给他读的杂志吗？”。此处不定式做后置定语，此处指借给他人书去读，所以使
24、用不定式表示将进行的动作。 6. Thearticle_(refer to) onthissubjectwaswrittenbyMr.Black.答案：referred to 解析：根据句意“文章中提到的话题是布莱克先生写的”。此处考察refer to 的用法，指文章中涉及到的话题，即话题被涉及，此处用过去分词表示被动。7. _ (leave) itwithmeandIllseewhatIcando.答案：Leave解析：根据句意“留待我看下我可以做什么”。此处考察固定句型：祈使句+and+陈述句。前面的祈使句表示一个条件。8. _ (give)suchachance,whydontyouha
25、veatry?答案: Given解析：此处根据句意“有更多机会的话，你为什么不试一试呢”。此处Given过去分词作状语，表示原因，相当于sinceyouaregiven。9. Fivepeoplewerereported_ (kill) intheaccident.答案: to have been killed解析： 根据句意“据报道事故中已有五人死亡”。此处考察sb. bereportedtodosth.表据报道，因此空白处应填不定式。不定式一般式表将要发生的动作或将出现的状态，完成式表已完成的动作或状态。10. Hetriedtocalmhimself,_ (force).答案: forc
26、ing解析：根据句意“他迫使自己镇定下来”。forcing现在分词作伴随状语，表陪衬性的次要动作。首字母原创改编A generation ago in the US, if you heard a friend talking about having a gig, chances were that your friend was a musician. But the phrase has now evolved to d 1 different methods of short-term work. Self-employment, contract or freelance work,
27、 temporary jobs - just about anything that isnt full-time - can be described as a gig.The rise of the gig economy came a 2 with the evolution of on-demand or as-needed hiring. Digital ordering, stock management, sales, and expense programs have made large teams of full-time staff a thing of past，wit
28、h some companies taking on temporary workers as and when they need them. As employers slice and dice at their payrolls, some even contract entire departments to third-party providersFor a while, the gig trend was seen as a temporary r 3 to the Great Recession. Victims of downsizing took on as-needed
29、 jobs or tried to make a go of entrepreneurship because thats all that was available. They hoped that “permanent” hiring would return as the overall economy recovered. However, this did not happen on the scale they hoped. This shift means that driving for ride-sharing services like Uber or Lyft has
30、become one of the most c 4 new jobs in the US. Surveys find that many gig economy workers are happy with their new roles with the hourly pay maybe better than what they earned as permanent employees. They may enjoy work-hour flexibility thats perfect for their f 5 or education needs. And they may even find they good at being their own boss.They said，however, Self-employment isnt for everyone. Some workers need their duties and hours to be dictated；theyre not self-starters or cant identify gig opportunities and f 6
