1、语法讲解高中英语状语从句专题讲解详细状语从句知识导图定义：在主从复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句的动词、形容词或副词时间状语从句 时间状语从句的引导词when 当时候while 当时候as 当时候after 在之后before在之前till 直到为止until 直到为止ever since 自从since自从every/each time 每次next time 下次by the time 到时候as soon as一 就once一 就the moment 一 就hardly/scarcely when一 就no sooner than一 就directly/immedi
2、ately/instantly一 就注：在时间状语从句中，通常用一般现在时替代一般将来时；用一般过去时替代过去将来时。e.g. When you get up, ring me up. When he left the classroom, the teacher came in.when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句1) when, while和as的共同用法when, while和as都可以引导时间状语从句，意为“当时候”。若表示主句中的动词和从句中的动作同时发生，而从句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，这三个词等同，可以互换。When/While/as we were dancin
3、g, a stranger came in.（延续性动词）2) when/while和as用法区别when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可以是非延续性的，而while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的。When you came in, I was talking with a few boys.（非延续性）While we were waiting for the bus, it was raining heavily.（延续性）while和as常表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，而when表示从句的动作发生在主句动作之前、之后，也可同时发生。They rushed
4、 in while/as we were discussing problems.（同时发生）When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.（先发生+后发生）When I got to the airport, the guest had left.（后发生+先发生）注：when还可表示原因，意为“既然”，引导原因状语从句；也可以用作并列连词，意为“就在那时”，常构成如下结构：be about to do sth when 正要做某事，突然/就在那时be doing sth when正在做某事，突然/就在那时.While表示两个
5、延续性动作同时发生而又有对比意义，主从句时态通常是相同的。While she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.（对比意义）注：a) 当两个可延续性的动作同时发生而又有对比意义时，从句常用while引导，主句和从句的时态通常是相同的。e.g. My brother was washing the dishes while I was cleaning the table.b) While还可作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比；也可以意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as意为“随着，一边，一边”,常有以下用法：a) 用于表示两个动作同
6、时或者几乎同时发生。b) 表示两个发展变化中的情况。c) 表示在某事发生的过程中另外一件事发生。d) 表示随着短暂动作的发生，另一动作立刻发生。before和after引导的时间状语从句before意为“在之前”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前。after意为“在之后”，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。Please turn off the lights before you leave the classroom.（先发生+后发生）He arrived after the game started.（后发生+先发生）注：before常用于“It will/would(not)+一段时间+be
7、fore”句型中，肯定句意为“多长时间后才”；否定句意为“用不了多长时间就”It will be a long time before we finished this task. （我们需要很长时间才能完成这个任务）It wont be long before we meet again. （过不了多久我们就会再见面）全国高中英语教师资料群190624773,该群全国规模最大、氛围最浓、资源超过30TB,旨在便于高英老师结交同仁交流成长、教学探究资源共享,共同提高行业水平另外群内持续更新优质教学和复习资料;欢迎优秀同行进群,让教学更轻松!让课堂更高效!till和until引导的时间状语从句u
8、ntil/till意为“直到为止”。当主句为否定句时，常构成“notuntil”的结构，意为“直到才”1) 主句是否定句时主句如果是否定句，则此时主句谓语动词用非延续性动词，表示主句的动作从从句表示的时间点才开始，即“直到才”I didnt know anything about it until you told me （否定句，谓语为非延续性动词）2） 主句是肯定句时 主句如果是肯定句，则此时主句谓语动词用延续性动词，表示主句的动作直到从句表示的时间点就结束，即“直到为止”。 I will wait for you until/till you come back.（肯定句，谓语动词为延续
9、性动词）注：用于句首时，常用until而不用till.e.g. Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.在强调结构中until不能改成till，且该强调句式常以“not until”形式存在，not与until放在一起进行强调。e.g. It is not until youve finished your work that you are allowed to play football. “notuntil”意为“直到才”，置于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Not until I began to work did I r
10、ealize how much time I had wasted.since和ever since引导的时间状语从句1) since意为“自从”。表示强调时，since前可加ever，主句常用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句常用一般过去时。I have lived in England since I was three.It is two years since I became a college student.2) 从句谓语动词不同，表达的意义不同。since引导的从句谓语如果是延续性动词或表示状态的动词，则从句表示的时间是从该动作或状态结束时算起。It has been a year
11、since he worked here.他不在这里工作已经一年了。（work是延续性动词，因此从该动作结束算起）He has written to me regularly since he was ill. （be ill 是表示状态的动词，因此从该动作结束时算起）since引导的从句谓语如果是非延续性动词，则从句表示的时间从该动作开始时算起。We havent seen each other since we parted.自从我们分手以后，我们一直没有见过面。（part非延续性动词，因此从该动作开始时算起）3）“ It is/has beensince+从句”句式。意为“自从有多长时间
12、了” It is/has been 5 years since we last met. 自从我们上次见面以来已经有5年了。注：It is/has been+since+一般过去时It will be+before+一般现在时It was/had been+since+一般过去时名词短语引导的时间状语从句表示时间的名词短语有时也可引导时间状语从句，常见的此类名词短语有：the time那时the moment一就the minute一就the day那天the last time上一次the second time第二次each day每一天every time每一次next time下一次a
13、ny time任何时候The day he returned home, his father was already dead.注：以上的这些名词短语含有“每次，每天，每分钟”等含义，引导时间状语从句时，这些名词前不加介词，后面不加when等从属连词。by the time引导的时间状语从句by the time意为“到时候”，常表示到某一时间点为止。引导时间状语从句时，主句常用将来完成时或过去完成时。By the time you graduate, you will have lived in Australia for one year.By the time he arrived a
14、t the airport, the airplane had taken off.表示“一就”的词引导的时间状语从句。表示“一就”的词有：as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, “no sooner than”, hardly/scarcely when”等。 这类词语表示从句动作一发生，主句的动作也随即发生。I hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.The moment I saw it, I fell in
15、 love with it.注：“no soonerthan”,“hardlywhen”引导时间状语从句时，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner, hardly/scarcely提到句首时，主句用部分倒装。No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain. = He had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had I told him the news when he stopped listening.=I hardly told him
16、the news when he stopped listening.地点状语从句地点状语从句的引导词有when和wherever。where, wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；where, wherever表示抽象概念的含义时，从句需放在主句前。A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins. （where表示具体地点）Where there is a will, there is a way.（where表示抽象概念）where引导的定语从句和状语
17、从句的区别。Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. （定语从句）Youd better make a mark where you have any questions. （状语从句）地点状语从句与定语从句的转化地点状语从句一般可以转化为定语从句，只要在where 前加“介词+the place”，便可变为定语从句原因状语从句原因状语从句的引导词because 因为since既然，因为as因为,由于for因为now that既然in that由于某种原因for the reason that 因为se
18、eing (that) 由于considering (that)考虑到given (that) 考虑到because, as, since, now that的用法和比较区别连词位置内涵语气能否回答why能否被强调because（因为）主句前或后直接因果关系强能能as（由于）主句前或后双方都知道的原因弱不能不能since/now that（既然）主句前I am trying to lose weight because Im so ashamed of my body.It was because it didnt rain for a long time that the crops fai
19、led.As it was a public holiday, all the shops were shut up.Since you are free tonight, why not drop in and play chess with me?Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.注：when也可以表示原因，意为“既然，考虑到”，相当于since, considering (that)。Why do you want a new job when youve got suc
20、h a good one already?条件状语从句条件状语从句的引导词if如果unless除非once一旦as/so long as只要only if只要on condition that条件是supposing(that)假如，如果providing/provided that倘若in case (that)以防，万一Ones life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.Supposing he does not come, shall we go without him?You can use my
21、car on condition that you return it by next Monday.unless引导的条件状语从句unless与ifnot可以互换，但是unless语气较强。在unless引导的从句中，谓语不能再用否定式。You will be late unless you leave immediately.=You will be late, if you dont leave immediately.注：if能用于虚拟条件句中，但unless不能。only if引导的条件状语从句如果only if 引导的条件状语从句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒装；如果only if 引
22、导的条件状语从句位于主句之后，主句要用正常语序。Only if you finished the work can you play computer games. （主句用部分倒装）Ill tell you the secret only if you promise not to tell anyone else. （主句用正常语序）条件状语从句的时态当主句是将来时态时，条件状语从句常用一般现在时或一般过去时代替将来时。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains/if it doesnt rain.She said she would come if
23、I invited her.让步状语从句让步状语从句的引导词although/though尽管even if/though即使as尽管whetheror 不管还是whether (or not)无论；是否no matter+疑问词、疑问词-ever不论although和though引导的让步状语从句although和though两者意思相同，一般可以互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。Although/Though it was raining hard, (yet) they went on playing football.注：Though
24、还可用作副词，单独置于句末，意为“但是，可是，不过”；although不可用作副词。在even though中一般不可用although代替。e.g. Ive a bit of headache. Its nothing much, though.even if和even though引导的让步状语从句这两个短语表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使”，引导的从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。She insisted that her own opinion even if/though she was wrong. （陈述语气）Even if I were busy, I would go. （虚拟
25、语气）as引导的让步状语从句as引导的让步状语从句放在主句之前，需用倒装语序，从句的表语、状语或动词原形位于句首。若表语时名词，前置时要省略冠词，though引导的让步状语从句有时也可以这样用。该句型的倒装结构为：表语/状语/动词原形+as/though+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词Tired as/though he was, he continued his work.no matter+疑问词和疑问词-ever引导的让步状语从句引导让步状语从句时，两者可以进行互换。但是疑问词-ever还可引导名词性从句，而no matter+疑问词不可以。Everyone will be given
26、 a telephone number at birth that will never change no matter where they live. (=wherever they live)（no matter where引导的让步状语从句）Whoever wants to go can write your name down here.（whoever引导的名词性从句，不可用no matter who 替换）whether(or not)和“whetheror”引导的让步状语从句Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Sports wi
27、ll be of great value to people, whether they are men or women, old or young.方式状语从句方式状语从句的引导词as正如，像；按照方式as if/though好像，似乎just as正如the way像as引导的方式状语从句You must do as the teacher tells you.Always do to the others as you would be done by.注：方式状语从句应该放在主句之后。as if和as though引导的方式状语从句as if和as though引导的从句中一般用虚拟
28、语气。但是，若句中的内容与事实相符或实现的可能性较大，也可用陈述语气。I remember it as if it happened yesterday. （虚拟语气）He closed his eyes as if/though he was tired. （陈述语气）目的状语从句目的状语从句的引导词in order that为了，以免so that 为了，以便for fear (that)以免，唯恐in case 以防，以免lest 免得，以防for the purpose that为了in order that, so that引导的目的状语从句两者都意为“为了，以便”，引导的状语从句中
29、需用情态动词can, could, may, might, would等。in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的状语从句只能置于主句后。so that中的that有时可省略。In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.Bell wanted to improve it so that it could send several messages at the same time.for fear (that), in case和le
30、st引导的目的状语从句这些从属连词意为“以防，以免”，引导的目的状语从句中的谓语动词有时要用“（should/might/could）+动词原形”。The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that/lest his father should see him.注：so that引导的目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别so that既可以引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。引导目的状语从句时，从句的谓语动词常含有 can, could, may, might等情态动词。而引导结果状语时则没有。He always works hard so that he may make great progress.（目的状语从句）He always worked hard, so that he made great progress. （结果状语从句）结果状语从句结果状语从句的引导词so that 以至于that 以至于sothat如此以至于suchthat如此以至于sothat引导的状语
