1、春季课程高一英语第20讲 人教版 必修四Unit 5 Theme parks 语法与写作教案第二十讲 必修四：Unit 5 Theme parks适用学科高中英语适用年级高中一年级适用区域人教新课标版课时时长（分钟）120分钟知识点构成合成词的三个方法：转化、派生、合成；写作指导之调查报告。教学目标知识：掌握构成合成词的三个方法。方法：通过总结规律让学生掌握转化法。能力：利用所学完成习题。教学重点转化、派生、合成三种方法适用情况。教学难点掌握三种构词法。教学过程一、复习预习引导学生复习上节课所学的知识点（以提问、回顾的形式进行），针对上节课的作业进行讲评、订正、答疑，并分析和扩展导入本节课所学
2、。二、课堂导入概念引入：appear出现-disappear消失correct正确的-incorrect不正确的weekend周末handwriting书法swim (n)-swim (v)look(n)-look(v)Letsgooutforawalk .我们到外面去散散步吧。Didyoubookaseatontheplane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?Wewilltryourbesttobetterourlivingconditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。三、知识讲解知识点1 英语构词法英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。【考查点】. 合成
3、: 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。复合名词class + room = classroom (名词+名词)black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词)复合形容词warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的world +wide= worldwide世界性的hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词 over + come = overcome克服 (副词+动词)复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four复合代词everyone ,s
4、omebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词)复合副词down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词)【考查点】2. 派生 : 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy - unhappydevelop - development前缀:一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis- 错误的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 误解en + large adj. 大的 -
5、 enlarge v. 扩大后缀:一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。care v. 照料 - careful adj. 细心的work v. 工作 - worker n. 工人常见的前缀(A)表示否定的前缀： un-unfair, unhappy non-nonsmoker(常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in-inactive (常用在adj.前 dis-disagree, disappear, dislike im-impolite, impossible(用在b,p,m 开头的词前) (B).表示错误或失误的前缀: mis-misunderstand, misdirect(
6、误导)(C)表示两个,双边的前缀： bi- bicolor ( 双色的), bicycle(D)表示相互,交互,在一起的前缀 interinterview, international, internet(E)表示又,再,重新的前缀 rereview, return, rewrite(F)表示远的前缀tele telephone, television常见的后缀：动词变名词：-tion educate-education, invite-invitation, predict-prediction-ment development, movement, disappointment-er te
7、acher, worker, runner, singer-or visitor, sailor, tutor, actor名词后缀补充:-ist ( 人,名词后缀)science-scientist, terror-terrorist-ese( 民族,语言,名词后缀)Chinese, Japanese形容词变名词-ness goodgoodness, happy-happiness,busy-business , carecareless-carelessness-ity able-ability, possible-possibility 名词变形容词：-y: windy, rainy,
8、healthy, cloudy, funny, sunny-ish: foolish, childish, girlish-some: handsome, troublesome-ous: dangerous, humorous-ful: helpful, careful, peaceful, colorful-less: homeless, helpless, careless ,useless -ed surprised, bored ,excited ,relaxed, interested -ing surprising, boring ,exciting ,relaxing,inte
9、resting, outstanding名词变形容词-al: traditional, international, nature-natural5. 名词、形容词变动词：-ify: beauty-beautify, simple-simplify-ize: realize-en: quicken, sharpen , widen【考查点】3. 转化 有一种词类转化为另一种词类。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。常见的转化形式：名词 - 动词： water n. 水 - water vt. 浇水动词-名词： stop v. 停止 - n.车站 watch v. 观看 -n. 手表 lo
10、ok v. 看-have a look n. 看 walk v. 散步,走-take a walk n.散步 love v. 爱-your love n. 爱名词 -动词： hand n. 手 - vt. 上交 seat n. 座位- vt. 坐 nurse n. 护士- vt. 护理 oil n. 油- vt. 上油 time n. 时间- vt. 定时，测时show n. 展示,秀-vt. 表演,秀-形容词-动词 open (adj. 开着的)open( v.开) clean(adj. 清洁的)-clean(v.打扫) slow( adj. 慢的)-slow ( v. 放慢) 【考查点】4
11、.截短法(缩略法)截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1)截头telephone phone aeroplane planeomnibus bus2)去尾mathematics maths co-operate co-opexamination exam kilogram kilolaboratory lab taxicab taxi3)截头去尾influenza flu refrigerator fridge prescription script5.混合法(混成法)混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体;前半部分表示属性
12、。news broadcast newscast新闻广播television broadcast telecast电视播送smoke and fog smog烟雾helicopter airport heliport 直升飞机场6.首尾字母缩略法首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音;作为一个单词读音。very important person VIP (读字母音)要人;大人物television TV (读字母音)电视Testing of English as a Foreign Language TOEFL 托福知识点2 写作指导之应用文类: 调
13、查报告技巧点拨1、注意审题、转换图表。撰写调查报告时，通常需要结合图表，观察、对比调查数据，并把调查结果和数据转换为文字表达，并按写作内容给出的要点按顺序进行写作。2、确定时态、规范全文。引出报告结果或数据时，一般使用一般现在时。发表议论和个人观点，通常也使用一般现在时。若出现具体的时间状语，如last year, next year，recently，句中相应动词应根据具体的时间状语使用适当的时态。3、变换表达、丰富语汇。调查报告中多出现相同内容的描述或分析，为避免重复，建议使用不同语言和句式表达同类信息。例如，引出调查数据时，可使用The survey /result shows that
14、 ; As the data shows, ; As we can see from the chart, ; According to the table, ; From the data, we can learn that 等句型。四、例题精析【例题1】He told a joke about death which I thought was in rather poor _ considering that Steves father had just died.Asense BtasteCcharacter Dquality【答案】选B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：考虑到Stev
15、e的父亲刚去世，我觉得他讲的关于死的笑话很不得体。taste“得体”，符合句意。sense“感觉”；character“性格”；quality“品质”。【例题2】Chinas education reforms aim to better develop students ability to think _.Aindependently BsteadilyCnegatively Dparticularly【答案】选A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：中国的教育改革力争更好地培养学生独立思考的能力。independently“独立地”；steadily“稳定地”；negatively“消极地”；
16、particularly“特别地”。根据句意可知，应选A项。【例题3】As far as I know, Mr.Johnson is not _ for the job since she has lots of other business to go about.Apossible BconvenientCavailable Dgrateful【答案】选C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据我所知，约翰逊夫人没空做这份工作，因为她有很多其他的事情要做。available表示“有空的”，符合句意。possible和convenient的主语不能是人，常常是形式主语it。be grateful
17、 for“对表示感激”，不合逻辑。【例题4】I know how busy you must be and _ I wouldnt want to take up too much of your time.Afortunately BfinallyCnaturally Dpossibly【答案】选C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我知道你肯定很忙，我当然不会想去占用你过多的时间。fortunately“幸运地”；finally“最终”；naturally“自然地；当然地”；possibly“可能”。根据句意可知，应选C。【例题5】上月，我们公司以35岁以下的人群作为调查对象，选取了1000人
18、进行了关于“网上购物”的一项调查，调查情况如下：你是否愿意在网上购物？愿意不愿意64%36%选择网上购物的主要原因：1、方便，在家可买到所需物品2、网上商品比较便宜，而且可选择的品牌多不愿意网上购物的主要原因：1、害怕买到赝品2、担心被骗钱结论：只要防范网上购物的弊端，将有越来越多的人选择网上购物。写作内容 根据以上数据，写一篇调查报告，包括以下内容：1、调查时间、调查问题以及调查对象； 2、愿意网上购物的人占调查人数的百分比；3、人们愿意在网上购物的主要原因； 4、人们不愿意在网上购物的主要原因； 5、本次调查的结论。【答案】Last month, our company carried o
19、ut a survey about shopping on line among 1000 interviewees younger than 35 years old. 64% of those interviewed are willing to shop on line, mainly because they think the Internet makes it convenient for them to buy what they need although they are staying at home. Besides, they believe that goods on
20、 line are cheaper, with a variety of brands to choose from. The rest of the interviewees dont want to shop on line, claiming that goods on sale on the Internet might be fake and that they are worried about being cheated out of money. In conclusion, only by guarding against the disadvantages of on-li
21、ne shopping will more and more people choose the shop on line.【解析】考生写作时必须排除不必要信息的干扰, 因写作内容中并没有要求写“不愿意网上购物的人所占百分比为32%”这一信息点, 所以不必把表格内容全部翻译。此外, 写作时尽量使用与写作内容相对应的英语翻译, 使文章表达更切题。例如, 写作内容中出现“主要原因”和“结论”这些重要的写作线索, 考生应该尽量使用与之相应的语句进行翻译, 如“.for the main reason that.; .mainly because; In conclusion; Finally, we
22、 arrive at the conclusion that.”, 使阅卷老师对写作信息一目了然，以获取高分。五、课堂练习（一）完成句子1. Speaking of all his songs, I think this is his _ (最著名的一首)。（know）2. It took us quite a long time to get together. It was _ (一个三个小时的旅行). (journey)3. The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from hi
23、s patients , so he has _ (一个非常好的名声) . (repute)4. Many students signed up for _ (800 米赛跑) in the sports meeting to be held next week. （long）5. He found a lot of passers-by were _ ( 成年人) . ( grow)6. They dug a hole _ (三米深) ， and then put the jar in it.(depth)7. Society is made up of _ (各种各样的)people; s
24、ome are good ,others are bad, and still others are in between. ( various)8. This boy _ (带坏了) by bad companion. (lead)9. The immediately took action to _ (抢救伤员). ( wound)10. The area was struck by _ (爆发力霍乱). (break)（二）语法填空A young lady confidently walked around the room with a raised glass of water, a
25、nd everyone knew she was going to ask the question, “half empty or half full？”She 1 (fool) them all. “How heavy is this glass of water？” she inquired with a smile. 2. (answer) came out from 8 oz. to 20 oz.She replied, “The absolute weight doesnt matter. 3. depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it
26、 for a minute, thats not a problem. If I hold it for an hour, I 4 (have) an ache in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, youll have to call an ambulance. In each case its the same weight, but the longer I held it, the 5. (heavy) it becomes.” She continued，“And thats the way it is with stress. If we
27、 carry our burdens all the time, sooner or later, as the burden becomes 6. (increasing) heavy, we wont be able to carry on.”“As with the glass of water, you have to put it down for a while and rest before 7. (hold) it again. When were refreshed, we can carry on 8. the burdenholding stress longer and
28、 better each time practiced.”So, as early in the evening 9. you can, put all your burdens down. Dont carry them through the evening and into the night. Pick them 10 tomorrow.（三）短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加： 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（）, 并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（
29、）划掉。 修改： 在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。How can a person recover from emotional problems? A popular opinion suggests that he watches humorous films. And a recent study proves this to be wrong. The study also shows that watching at sad films can make getting over a n
30、egative mood a easier job. Emotional experiences is important to peoples well-being. People are less likely to share their feelings with these who have had similar experiences. Similar, people prefer movies that reflect their mood. Thats the reason a sad film can contribute to comfort a sad person more than a pleasant one.【答案解析】完成句子1. best-known one 2. a three-hour journey 3. a very good reputat
