1、人教版初二上册英语语法精讲名补教案 Unit8 可数名词和不可数名词初二上册暑假英语补习班名补教案目标提高班 名师培优精讲【教学目标】 可数名词和不可数名词【教学重点】1、可数及不可数名词的区分;2、可数名词的复数形式;【教学难点】1、可数名词的规则变化和不规则变化。2、特殊可数名词常考复数【进门得分】一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1. broom _ car _ tree _|_ horse_2. bus_ fox _|_ branch _ class_|3. baby _ family _|_ country_4. |radio _ photo_|_ piano_5. knife _|_ l
2、eaf_ life_ thief_|_6. man_ woma|n_ child_ foot_|_7. woman teacher _ ap|ple tree _ step son_【教学内容】一、名词的概念:表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。二、名词的分类:名词分为普通名词和专有名词。(一) |普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词可用作单数|,也可用作复数。可数名词包括个体名词(表示一类人或物的个体,如:gir|l;desk;dog;window; book;pen等)和集体名词(由|若干个体组成的集合体,如:family;class;people等)。|不可数名词包括物质名词(表示无
3、法分为个体的实物,如:w|ater;paper;silk;honey;cream;money等)和抽象名词|(表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其它抽象概念,如:work;happi|ness;music;difficulty;beau|ty; youth;poverty等)。(二|) 专有名词表示个人、地方、机构、组织等,如:Tom;the Great |Wall;the Spring Festival;Fran|ce;China;Christmas等。三、名词的数:(一) 可数名|词有单数和复数两种形式,其复数形式的构成主要有|以下几种:1. 规则变化:(1) 一般情况下,在词尾加s。例如: b
4、ookbooks;hathats;pe|ncilpencils;girlgirls以清辅音结尾的名|词后的s的读音为s,以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的|s读音为z。在ptkf等清辅音后s:cu|ps;cats;books;photogra|phs在bdgv等浊辅音后z:cards;b|ags;knives;labs;lions(2)以s,|x,ch,sh结尾的名词,变复数时,要在词尾加-es。|例如: beachbeaches|,brushbrushes,busb|uses,boxboxes,classclasses, gla|ssglasses,lunchlunches(3)以“辅音字母+y”结
5、尾的|名词,先变y为i,再加-es。例如: babybabie|s citycities,familyfami|lies, countrycountries,strawbe|rrystrawberries(ies读音为iz)|注意:以“元音字母 + y”结尾的词,直接在词尾加-s。例如:hol|idays;days;plays;ways;donkeys|;boys;toys(4)以-f或-fe结尾的|名词,变复数时,先把f或fe变为v,再加-es。例如:wifewive|s,leafleaves,halfhalve|s,knifeknives,thiefthieves shel|fshelve
6、s(ves读音为vz)2. 不规则变化:(1)以o结尾的名词,一般在词尾加-s。例如:zoozoos; r|adioradios; photophotos; pianopian|os, kangarookangaroos而有些在词尾加-es,它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿”。negroneg|roes; heroheroes; potatop|otatoes; tomatotomatoes(2)有些名|词由单数变复数时,不是在词尾加s或es,而|是变换其中的字母。例如:manm|en;womanwomen;policemanpolic|emen;EnglishmanEnglish|men;F
7、renchmanFrenchmen|;footfeet; toothteeth; childchildren;mousemice;oxoxen(|公牛)(3) 还有一些名词的单数和复数形式相同。例如:ChineseChinese;JapaneseJapanes|e;sheepsheep;deerdeer(4) 复合名词: 前面的名|词是man或woman,变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形|式。例如:man teachermen teachers; |woman driverwomen drivers 如|果是其他词,变复数时,只需把后面的名词变成复数形式。例如:boy |stu
8、dentboy students; apple tree|apple trees与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体|名词部分加-s。例如: brother-in-law |brothers-in-law; passer-by passers-by|。(5) 有些以f或fe结尾的词直接加s变成复数。例如:roofroofs,chiefchiefs,gulf|gulfs(6)某国人的复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。例如:Chinese(中国人)Chinese; Japanese(日本|人)JapaneseEnglishman|(英国人)Englishmen;Frenchman(法国人)
9、Fr|enchmen German(德国人) Germans;American(美|国人)Americans(7)有些名词通常只用作复数。例如:glasses眼镜;clothes衣服;goods货物|;trousers裤子(8)集体名词的数: 有些集体名词通常只用作复数,如:people;cattle|;police 有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数,单数看作整体,复|数看作集体的各个成员。例如: This |family is a big family. My family are watching TV. The|re are 50 students in |this class. The
10、 clas|s are listening to their tea|cher.(二) 不可数名词一般没有复数形式,但是可以用一些|量词来表示不可数名词的数量。(1)表不定数量|时,一般用much,(a)1ittle,a lot oflots |of,some,any等词修饰。例如: much money;a litt|le bread;a lot of ice cream;some juice(|2) 表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+o|f+不可数名词。变复数时可以把前面的量词变成复数。例如:a bottle of milk;a glass of w|ater; a can of beer
11、; a piece of p|aper;two bottles of milk;two |pieces of paper; two glasses of water|注意:我们也可用“数词+量词+of+名词复数”这一结构|表示可数名词的数量。例如:a box of orange|s;two bags of books;a room of |students (三)有些词,单数形式|和复数形式的词义不同,需特别注意。例如:sand沙sands沙滩|;chicken鸡肉a chicken小|鸡;orange橘汁an orange橘子;room空间、余地a |room房间;good(好处,益处)go
12、ods(货物); custo|m(风俗) customs(海关);sp|irit(精神) spirits(情绪);manner(|方式) manners(礼貌);forceforces(武装力量|);communication(通讯)communications(通讯|系统,通讯工具);cloth(布)clothes(衣服);content(|内容) contents(目录);conve|nience(便利)conveniences(便利设备);huma|nity(人类)humanities(人文科学);necessity(需要) |necessities(必需品);pain(疼痛)pains
13、(辛劳);r|uin(毁灭)ruins(废墟,遗迹);wood(木材)wood|s(树林);work(工作)works(工厂,著作);aira|irs(架子,神气)。【过手练习】二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(she|ep) are there on the hill|?2. There is some_(foo|d) in the basket.3. Th|e baby has only two_|_(tooth) now.4. T|here is a lot of_(water) in th|e bottle.5. There are five_|_(people)
14、 in his family.6. Lets t|ake_(photo), OK?7. |I have lots of_(tomato) |here.8. The_(leaf) on t|he tree turn yellow.9. The_|_(child) are playing games on the playground now.10. Their|_(dictionary) look new|.11. I have three forei|gn friends. They are _|(American).12. They are_|(woman) doctors.13. Can
15、you give me some bottles |of _ (orange), ple|ase?14. There are many_|_(fox) in the picture.1|5. I would like some apple_(juic|e). I am very thirsty.三、将下列词组译成汉语。 1. 三杯牛奶_|_ 2. 一袋大米_|_3. 三篮子苹果 _|_ 4. 一碗面条_|_5. 四盒子书_|_ 6. 六片面包_|_7. 五张纸_|_ 8. 三听橘汁|_9.八|条新闻_ 10. |一箱香蕉_【拓展训练】四、选择填空。1. The deer has four _.
16、 A. foot B. feet C. feets D. foots2. Her two brothe|rs are both _. A. policeman |B. policemans C. policemen D. policemens3. There are four _|_ and two _ in the group. A. Japanese, Germen B. Japaneses, |Germen C. Japanese, Germans D. Japane|ses, Germans4. Two _ will com|e to the village. A. |woman-do
17、ctors B. women doctor C. women doctors D. wo|man doctors5. Can you see nine _ in the picture? A. sheep B. dog C. pig D. horse|6. The _ has two _. A. boys, watches B. bo|y, watch C. boy, wa|tches D. boys, watch7. The boy often brushes his _ before he goes |to bed. A. tooth B. t|ooths C. teeth |D. tee
18、ths8. The Japanese _ will not leave China until she finishes her |study. A. woman |B. women C. man D. me|n9. There are lots of _ in the b|asket on the table. A. tomat|os B. tomato C. tomato|es D. tomatoss10. The cat |caught two _ last n|ight. A. mouses |B. mice C. mouse D. mices【课后作业】1. Yesterday Lu
19、cy told us such |good that we are all amazed |at it. A. news B. ideas C. suggestion D. answer 2. There are fifty in our school. They are all frie|ndly to us. A. woman teac|hers B. women teacher C. woma|n teacher D. wo|men teachers3. After P.E., I often feel very |thirsty. Why not |buy some _ to drin
20、k?A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. te|as4. When is _ Day? Its on June 1st, Dave.A. Child B. Children C|. Childs D. Childre|ns5. Lily, lets make vegetable salad. How many _do we |need? One is enough. | A. oranges B. p|otato C. tomatoes 6. Mum, its so hot. Could I have some _|_? A. hamburgers B.
21、b|read C. ice-cream【答案与解析】一、写出下列名词的复数形式。1. brooms; cars; tre|es; horses2. buses; foxes|; branches; classes3. babies; famili|es; countries4. radios; photos; pianos5. knives; leaves; l|ives; thieves6. men; women; children; feet7. wom|en teachers; apple trees; st|ep sons二、用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. sheep 2. fo|od
22、 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. lea|ves9. children 10. dictio|naries 11. Americans 12. wo|men 13. orange 14. |foxes 15. juice三、将下列词组译成汉语。 |1. three glasses of milk 2. a bag |of rice 3. three baskets of apples 4. a bowl of noodles5. four boxes of books 6. six pieces of bread 7|.
23、 five pieces of paper 8. thre|e cans of orange9. eight pieces |of news 10. a box of bananas四、选择填空。1. B。根据空前的four可知空中应该填|名词的复数形式,foot的复数形式是feet,所以答案为|B。2. C。policeman的复数形式为poli|cemen。3. C。某国人的复数变化可根据口诀“中日|不变,英法变,其余-s加后边”。Japanese的复数|形式不变,还是Japanese;German的复数形式是Germans,所|以答案为C。4. C。前面的名词是man或woman的复合名
24、词,|变复数时,构成复合名词的两个名词全都要变成复数形|式,所以答案为C。5. A。根据空前的nine可知空中应该填名词的|复数形式,sheep的复数形式还是sheep,其余选项中的名词都|应该加上-s,所以答案为A。6. C。根据谓语动词|has可知第一个空应该填名词单数形式;根据two可知第|二个空填名词的复数形式,watch的复数形式是加-es|,所以答案为C。7. C。tooth“牙齿”的复数形式是teeth。8. A。根据从句当中的she可知空中应该填名词单数形式且为|女性,所以答案为A。9. C。tomato的复数形式为tomatoes,|根据空前的lots of可知用复数形式。1
25、0. B。mouse意为“老鼠”,其复数形式为mice。【真题链接】1. A。句意为“昨天露西告诉我们如此好的|消息以至于我们都惊呆了。”本题考查的是such that|的用法。选项A(news)是不可数名词,因此在good前面不能加不定冠词a,而|且符合句意,故正确;选项B (ideas)与后|面的it矛盾,故错误;选项C (suggestion)是可数名词,因此要在g|ood前面加不定冠词a,故错误;选项D (an|swer)是可数名词,因此要在good前面|加不定冠词a,而且与句意不符,故错误。2. D。句意为“我们学校有五十名教师,他们都对我们很友好。”|woman的复数是women,
26、teacher的复数|是teachers。所以答案是D。3. C。本句意为:体育课之后,我经|常会感到非常渴;为什么不买苹果汁喝呢?因为上半句说到|“thirsty”以及空后的“drink”可知,此处应该是选择喝|的东西。故答案选C。A. bread面包;B. |noodles面条;C. apple ju|ice苹果汁;D. teas茶。4. D。本题意为:|什么时候是六一儿童节?Dave,是六月|一号。Childrens Day儿童的节日,|即六一儿童节。5. C。句意:Lily,让我们一起做蔬菜沙拉|吧。我们需要多少个西红柿?“一个就够了”。本题考查名词辨|析。orange橘子;potato土豆;tomato西红柿。 “how m|any”后通常跟可数名词复数形式,排除B,而A是水果不是蔬菜也排除,故|选C。6. C。本句意为:妈妈,太热了;我能吃点冰淇淋吗?A. hamburgers 汉堡;B. bread面包;C. ice-cre|am冰淇淋;由“hot”可知此处应该选C。