1、中医的四季养生杭州师范大学外国语学院中医常用名词术语英译与中医保健知识（宣传）Commonly Used Terminologies of Chinese Medicine&Health Preservation of Chinese Medicine(Pamphlet)杭州市外文学会编印浙江中医药大学外国语学院By Hangzhou Association of Foreign Languages and Literatures and College of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University内 容CONTENTS中医
2、常用名词术语英译 2-12页Commonly Used Terminologies of Chinese Medicine Page 2-12中医的四季养生 13-19页Health Preservation in Four Seasons Based on Chinese Medicine Page 13-19一天里的“四季”养生 20页Health Preservation in Four-Season a Day Page 20中医常用名词术语英译中文英文阴yin阳yang阳气yang qi阴气yin qi五行the five phases木wood火fire土earth金metal水w
3、ater五行相生the generation cycle of the five phases木生火wood generates fire火生土fire generates earth土生金earth generates metal金生水metal generates water水生木water generates wood五行相克the restriction cycle of the five phases木克土wood restricts earth火克金fire restricts metal土克水earth restricts water金克木metal restricts wood
4、水克火water restricts fire天人相应correspondence between heaven and humankind神形合一the unity of spirit and form辨证论治pattern differentiation and treatment; treatment according to pattern differentiation脏腑zang-fu organs; viscera and bowels脏象visceral manifestation五脏the five zang organs; the five viscera心the hear
5、t肺the lung; lungs脾the spleen肝the liver肾kidney (Western medicine or anatomy: kidneys)命门mng mn (gate of vitality, 命门)六腑the six fu organs; the six bowels胆gallbladder胃stomach小肠small intestine大肠large intestine膀胱bladder三焦sanjiao胃口appetite气qi正气 healthy qi真气true qi元气original qi宗气 pectoral qi中气center qi (zhn
6、g q, 中气)卫气 wei qi (wi q, 卫气)营气ying qi血blood津液body fluids (composed of thin and thick fluids, ., liquid and humor)精气essential qi神spirit vitality mental activity精神 spirit; mind; consciousness (mental) vigor经络channels and collaterals经气channel qi十二经脉twelve channels手太阴肺经the hand taiyin lung channel 手阳明大肠
7、经the hand taiyang large intestine channel足阳明胃经the foot yangming stomach channel足太阴脾经the foot taiyin spleen channel 手少阴心经the hand shaoyin heart channel手太阳小肠经the hand taiyang small intestine channel足太阳膀胱经the foot taiyang bladder channel足少阴肾经the foot shaoyin kidney channel手厥阴心包经the hand jueyin pericard
8、ium channel手少阳三焦经the hand shaoyang san jiao channel足少阳胆经the foot shaoyang gallbladder channel足厥阴肝经the foot jueyin liver channel 奇经八脉eight extraordinary vessels督脉du mai任脉ren mai冲脉chong mai带脉dai mai阴跷脉yinqiao mai阳跷脉yangqiao mai阴维脉yinwei mai阳维脉yangwei mai体质constitution病因etiology; cause of disease邪气path
9、ogenic qi外感external contraction; externally contracted风wind外风external wind寒cold外寒external cold external cold manifestation风寒wind-cold湿热damp-heat寒湿cold-damp风湿wind-damp外燥external dryness风燥wind-dryness火邪fire pathogen热毒heat toxin内伤internal damage七情 the seven emotions the seven relations of medicinal com
10、patibility内伤七情internal damage caused by the seven emotions恐伤肾fear damages the kidney忧伤肺grief damages the lung思伤脾excessive thinking damages the spleen喜伤心excessive joy damages the heart怒伤肝anger damages the liver五味偏嗜flavor predilection劳倦exhaustion-fatigue (fatigue from overstrain)痰phlegm; sputum 风痰wind
11、-phlegm饮 rheum; fluid retention drink decoction痰湿phlegm-damp瘀血static blood病机disease mechanism; pathomechanism病势tendency of disease病位location of disease病性nature of disease虚deficiency实excess阳虚yang deficiency阴虚yin deficiency寒热错杂cold and heat in complexity表热exterior heat表寒exterior cold里热interior heat里寒i
12、nterior cold气虚qi deficiency气脱qi desertion气滞qi stagnation气郁qi constraint气逆qi counterflow喜则气缓excessive joy causes qi to slacken怒则气上anger causes qi to rise思则气结excessive thinking causes qi to knot悲则气消sorrow consumes qi恐则气下fear causes qi to sink惊则气乱fright causes qi to be chaotic血虚blood deficiency血瘀blood
13、stasis血寒blood cold内风internal wind内寒internal cold内湿internal dampness内燥internal dryness肺热lung heat肺火lung fire肺实热excess heat in the lung肺寒lung cold肺气不利dysfunction of lung qi脾虚spleen deficiency脾失健运failure of the spleen to transport to transport nutrients肝虚liver deficiency肝阴虚liver yin deficiency肝血虚liver
14、blood deficiency肝阳上亢ascendant hyperactivity of liver yang肝气郁结binding constraint of liver qi肝火liver fire肝火上炎liver fire flaming upward肾虚kidney deficiency肾气虚kidney qi deficiency肾阳虚kidney yang deficiency肾阴虚kidney yin deficiency胃热stomach heat胃寒stomach cold胃不和stomach disharmony胃口不好poor appetite食欲不振poor ap
15、petite传变transmission and change四诊the four examinations症状symptom (more subjective than sign); signs and symptoms体征sign (more objective than symptom)四诊合参correlation of all four examinations平人healthy person望诊inspection舌诊tongue inspection舌象tongue manifestation; tongue appearance舌质tongue body舌苔tongue coa
16、ting闻诊listening and smelling问诊inquiry切诊palpation脉象pulse manifestation切脉，把脉pulse-taking; feel/take the pulse; pulse examination; palpating the pulse治未病treat disease before it arises未病先防prevent disease before it arises既病防变control the development of existing disease发汗解表induce sweating to release the ex
17、terior宣肺止咳diffuse the lung and relieve cough清热生津clear heat and promote fluid production清热凉血clear heat and cool the blood清肝泻火clear liver heat and drain fire清热利胆clear heat and promote gallbladder function清热解暑clear heat and resolve summerheat祛暑化湿dispel summerheat and remove dampness养阴清热nourish yin and
18、clear heat滋阴降火enrich yin and subdue fire疏肝理脾soothe the liver and rectify the spleen和解表里harmonize the exterior and interior清热解表clear heat to release the exterior温里散寒warm the center and dissipate cold温中止呕warm the center and arrest vomiting补气supplement qi补血supplement the blood补阴supplement yin潜阳subdue y
19、ang补阳supplement yang健脾消食fortify the spleen and promote digestion柔肝舒筋soften the liver and relax the sinews补血养肝supplement blood and nourish the liver温补肾阳warm and supplement kidney yang滋补肾阴enrich and nourish kidney yin重镇安神calm the mind with heavy sedatives芳香开窍open the orifices (resuscitate) with aromat
20、ics理气宽中rectify qi to loosen the center理气止痛rectify qi and relieve pain疏肝解郁soothe the liver and resolve constraint疏肝理气soothe the liver and rectify qi降气平喘direct qi downward and relieve panting和胃降逆harmonize the stomach and direct counterflow downward调和气血regulate and harmonize qi and blood活血化瘀invigorate
21、blood and dissolve stasis舒筋活络relax the sinews and quicken the collaterals通络止痛unblock the collaterals and relieve pain宣痹通络diffuse b and unblock the collaterals凉血止血cool the blood and stanch bleeding平肝熄风calm the liver and extinguish wind生津止渴promote fluid production to quench thirst; engender fluids to
22、quench thirst润燥止咳moisten dryness and relieve cough芳香化浊aromatic medicinals remove turbidity芳香辟秽dispel filth with aromatic medicinals健脾化湿fortify the spleen and remove dampness利水渗湿promote urination and percolate dampness利尿promote urination通淋排石relieve strangury and expel stones化气利水transform qi and promo
23、te urination化痰止咳dissolve phlegm and relieve cough消食导滞promote digestion and guide out food stagnation软坚散结soften hardness and dissipate masses针灸acupuncture and moxibustion三棱针法three-edged needling皮肤针法dermal needling穴位注射疗法point injection therapy穴位埋线catgut embedment in acupoint头针scalp acupuncture耳针ear ac
24、upuncture; auricular acupuncture毫针filiform needle皮肤针dermal needle行针needling needling manipulation得气arrival of qi; sensation of qi arrival; obtaining qi针感needling sensation气至病所arrival of qi at the location of disease; arrival of qi at the affected area留针needle retention出针法needle withdrawal/removal me
25、thod灸法moxibustion艾灸moxibustion竹罐bamboo cup火罐法fire cupping刺络拔罐cupping following collateral bloodletting按摩massage推拿tui na (Chinese medical massage)中药Chinese medicinal; Chinese herb (if plant matter)方剂formula处方prescription君chief臣deputy佐assistant使envoy道地药材genuine regional medicinal(s)中药性能properties and
26、actions of Chinese medicinals升降浮沉ascending and descending, floating and sinking 归经channel entry引经 envoy药引 yo yn (an ingredient added to enhance the efficacy of a dose of medicine, 药引)配伍combination of medicinals; combine medicinals药性medicinal nature药味medicinal flavor寒cold热hot温warm凉cool平neutral辛acrid甘
27、sweet酸sour苦bitter咸salty淡bland涩astringent芳香；香aromatic功能action(s) 主治indication(s)食忌dietary contraindication服药食忌dietary incompatibility炮制medicinal processing烊化melted in decoction汤剂decoction (preparation)煎剂decoction片剂tablet膏剂paste散剂powder丸剂pill颗粒剂granules冲剂soluble granules; infusion granules胶囊剂capsule熏洗
28、剂formula for fumigation and washing; steam-wash preparation注射剂injection丹剂pellet酊剂tincture酒剂wine preparation药膏medicinal paste (for oral administration)流浸膏liquid extract软膏ointment (soft plaster)药酒medicinal wine糊丸flour and water paste pill蜜丸honey pill滴丸drop pill浓缩丸concentrated pill糖浆syrup煎药法decocting method水煎decocted with water先煎to be decocted first 后下to b
