1、考研英语二分类模拟题3考研英语(二)分类模拟题3Reading Comprehension In a provocative new book The Beauty Bias, Deborah Rhode, a Stanford law professor who proposes a legal regime in which discrimination on the basis of looks is as serious as discrimination based on gender or race, lays out the case for an American in whi
2、ch appearance discrimination is no longer allowed. Rhode is at her most persuasive when arguing that in America, discrimination against unattractive women and short men is as pernicious and widespread as bias based on race, sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and disability. Rhode cites research to prove
3、 her point: 11 percent of surveyed couples say they would abort a fetus predisposed toward obesity. College students tell surveyors theyd rather have a spouse who is an embezzler, drug user, or a shoplifter than one who is obese. The less attractive you are in America, the more likely you are to rec
4、eive a longer prison sentence, a lower damage award, a lower salary, and poorer performance reviews. You are less likely to be married and more likely to be poor. And all of this is compounded by a virtually unregulated beauty and diet industry and soaring rates of elective cosmetic surgery. Rhode r
5、eminds us how Hillary Clinton and Sonia Sotomayor were savaged by the media for their looks, and says its no surprise that Sarah Palin paid her makeup artist more than any member of her staff in her run for the vice presidency. Critics such as Andrew Sullivan claim that if we legally ban appearance
6、discrimination, the next step will be legal protection of the short, the skinny, the bald, the knobbly kneed, the flat-chested and the stupid. But Rhode points out that there are already laws against appearance discrimination on the books in Michigan and six other locales. This hasnt resulted in an
7、explosion of frivolous suits, she notes. In each jurisdiction the new laws have generated between zero and nine cases annually. Of course the problem with making appearance discrimination illegal is that Americans just really, really like hot girls. And so long as being a hot girl is deemed a bona f
8、ide occupational qualification, there will be cocktail waitresses fired for gaining three pounds. Its not just American men who like things this way. In the most troubling chapter in her book, Rhode explores the feminist movements complicated relationship to eternal youth. The truth is that women fe
9、el good about competing in beauty pageants. They love six-inch heels. They feel beautiful after cosmetic surgery. You cant succeed in public life if you look old in America. This doesnt mean we shouldnt work toward eradicating discrimination based on appearance. But it may mean recognizing that the
10、law wont stop us from discriminating against the overweight, the aging, and the imperfect, so long as its the quality we all hate most in ourselves.1. Rhode tries to argue that appearance discrimination _. A.should be dealt with in a separate lawB.should not affect a persons choice of a spouseC.is v
11、ery harmful and rampant in social lifeD.should be prohibited in work places答案：C解答 第一段提到外表歧视跟其他种类的歧视一样严重，第二段提到外表歧视有害(pernicious)、很盛行(widespread)。第二段第二句后举例说明了外表歧视如何有害、如何影响到人的生活和工作的各个方面。2. The examples of Hilary and Sonia show that _.A.how they look affects their public lifeB.the public vote for them f
12、or how they lookC.they have become victims to the beauty industryD.politicians cannot afford to offend the media答案：A解答 在第三段中，Hillary等的例子还是用来说明人们如何以貌取人，喜欢外貌姣好者，不喜欢不讲究梳妆打扮的人。虽然该段中没有具体提到Hillary(美国现任国务卿)和Sonia(大法官)外貌如何，但是既然提到了媒体批评她们，就说明她们的外部形象不好，没有刻意打理自己。3. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that laws agains
13、t appearance discrimination _.A.are actually nothing new in Rhodes proposalB.are not effective enough in Michigan and other placesC.will come into effect nationally in a very short timeD.are expected by Sullivan to incur many trivial lawsuits答案：D解答 第四段中首先提到了Sullivan对制定外表歧视法的看法，然后引用Rhode的话来驳斥她的观点，从Rh
14、ode提到的证据来推测，Sullivan的真正意思是说制定外表歧视法可能会引起很多琐碎的诉讼案的产生。而Rhode的回答是，在已经实行这种法律的六个州，没有产生Sullivan所担心的情况。4. We can conclude from the last two paragraphs that _.A.making appearance discrimination laws in America is almost impossibleB.changing our mindset is as important as making appearance discrimination laws
15、C.appearance discrimination laws cannot stop us from hating ourselvesD.Rhode cannot reconcile feminists ideals with womens desire for eternal youth答案：B解答 第五段提到了美国的男人和女人看待女人的方式。第六段指出，只要我们希望自己拥有哪些身体特点、不想拥有哪些身体特点，对外表的歧视就会充斥着我们的脑瓜，制定外表歧视法可能也解决不了问题。因此，在作者看来，改变我们习惯看待外表的方式和态度也非常重要。5. The text is most likel
16、y to be _.A.a book reviewB.an editorialC.a scientific reportD.a success story答案：A解答 本文是一篇书评。第一段介绍了Rhode在书中阐述的基本观点。第二段提到了Rhode!的主要论据。第四段提到了Sullivan对Rhode的主要观点的批评，和Rhode本人的回应。第五、六段是结论。总的来说，作者对Rhode的基本立场持支持的态度。 In the US, poll after poll has shown a majority in favour of animal experimentation, even wi
17、thout statements about its value. Why is opinion in Britain so different? I think that there are two reasons. The first is the success of antivivisection campaigners in lampooning animal research as outdated, intentionally cruel, bad science, which achieves nothing. All drugs and procedures develope
18、d with the help of animal tests are said to be dangerous. The occasional failure of animal testing to identify a dangerous drug is deployed as an argument for abandoning safety tests involving animals altogetherwith no mention of the terrible human suffering that this would cause. They say that alte
19、rnative methods already exist for all animal experiments, but the fact is that the law specifically forbids animal use if there is any alternative. The second reason is that scientists and doctors have failed to oppose such misrepresentation. In the early 1990s, animal rights campaigning in the US w
20、as met with much more forthright defence, not only by the major scientific societies, funding agencies and medical organisations, but also by the US government. To be positive, there are many encouraging features of the New Scientist poll. Interestingly, the public seems to employ the same kind of u
21、tilitarian philosophy that underpins the law in Britainweighing potential benefits against the species involved (thus, monkeys are more valuable than mice) and the likelihood of suffering. Clearly, people in Britain do not recognise the essential link between animal research and testing and the medi
22、cal treatments that they receive. Only 18 per cent of those who had taken (or had a close family member who had taken) a drug prescribed for a serious illness realized that the drug had been tested on animals, as all drugs are. Obviously, a large majority of those surveyed believe that they can happ
23、ily benefit from medical treatment without taking advantage of animal research. No wonder so many people oppose it when asked the straight yes/no question. The views of the public must be respected. But this poll tells us that, while they are open to persuasion, their reaction is based on misunderst
24、anding. The responsibility for providing honest evidence for the public ties not just with those who use animals in their research, but with other scientists who depend on that work. It lies with the doctors who benefit from animal research, with the pharmaceuticals and biotech industries, and the m
25、edical charities and funding agencies whose work would be crippled without it. But most of all, responsibility rests with government, which should cultivate serious and transparent debate between those of different opinion, and provide the publicespecially young peoplewith the honest evidence they n
26、eed and deserve.6. In the first sentence of Paragraph 3, such misrepresentation refers to _. A.the idea that other methods can be substituted for animal researchB.the claim that animal experiment is intentionally cruelC.the belief that all drugs developed with animal tests are dangerousD.the fact th
27、at scientists and medical organizations support animal experimentation答案：A解答 该词意为“错误看法”，指上一段最后一句中提到的“用其他方法代替动物实验”不使用动物做实验。7. In the authors opinion, more people in Britain oppose animal experiments because _.A.they are kinder than those in the United StatesB.they dont know the benefits resulting fro
28、m animal testsC.most of the medicines dont need animal experiments to work wellD.some scientists use rare species for their medical experimentation答案：B解答 第五段指出，很明显，英国人不知道动物实验和他们所接受的医疗之间的相互关系。大部分被调查的人错误认为，没有动物实验他们同样可以受益于医疗服务。难怪有这么多人反对动物实验。8. To correct the situation, the author suggests that _.A.only
29、 some animals should be used for researchB.scientists and doctors should respect the views of the publicC.the benefits of animal tests should be made widely knownD.the debate on animal tests should be put to a serious public poll答案：C解答 第六段指出，虽然公众有待于去说服，但他们的反应却是基于一些误解。向公众提供诚实的证据，不仅是用动物做实验的人的责任，而且是那些依
30、靠这种实验开展工作的科学家的责任。最重要的责任在政府身上，它应该向公众特别是年轻人提供公众所需要的、也是应该得到的实在的证据。这里所谓的honest evidence指医学离不开动物实验、并且人们已受益于动物实验这一事实。9. The authors attitude towards animal research is _.A.negativeB.questioningC.neutralD.positive答案：D解答 从以上的分析可以看出，作者对动物实验持积极的支持态度。10. The passage is mainly concerned with _.A.supporting a po
31、sitionB.refuting some argumentsC.describing a caseD.presenting a new perspective答案：B解答 第一段提到，美国人赞成动物实验，但英国人不赞同。在第二、三段，作者提到了英国人不赞成动物实验的理由，下文对这些理由进行了分析和驳斥，并表达了自己支持动物实验的立场。 Aimee Hunter, a research psychologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, has long studied individual responses to antid
32、epressants. Being skeptical of the true effectiveness of the drugs, she says she was originally interested in researching the impact of placebos. But over the years, her own data began convincing her otherwise. Ive come to see now, by doing the research myself and spending hours looking at numbers, that the medication is absolutely doing something, Hunter says. In an earlier study that Hunter p
