1、精校普通高等学校招生全国统一考试上海卷英语2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第I卷II. Grammar and vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word
2、; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)_I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) _ (earn) some money
3、 to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caf as a waiter. I believe that (27) _ _ _ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) _ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job
4、 had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) _ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) _my mother had told me was deeply
5、 rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) _ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go
6、 back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) _I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.解析：25. 本题考查非限定性定语从句。由于先行词为New York，故填关系副词where引导定语从句，同时在从句中做状语。26. 本题考查不定式在句中做目的状语。根据后面内容some money to pay the daily expenses（一些钱来支付日常费用）可知，是为了赚钱，故填To earn。27. 本题考查状语从句的连词。根据设空以及后面内容I was offered
7、a good position, I would resign at once（我被提供一个好职位，我就马上辞职）的逻辑关系可知，这里填“一就”或“只要”。故此处填as soon as 或 as long as。28. 本题考查过去分词表示“人的心理感受”。句意为：经过一段时间，高额的生活费用成了我本来就已经疲惫的肩膀上的负担。故填exhausted。29. 本题考查条件状从句的连词。根据句意I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city“我想要一个更好的职业发展，我就不得不在城市里找工作”可
8、知，前句表示条件，故填if。30. 本题考查名词性从句的连词。根据句式结构可知，本句是一个主语从句做主语，而连词又在从句中做动词had told的宾语，故填连接代词what。31. 本题考查短语have difficulty in doing sth的搭配，故本空填adapting。32. 本题考查倒装句。由于从句Not until I returned位于句首，且有否定词，因此句子用部分倒装结构，再根据句子的时态-一般过去时，故填did。答案：25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if 30.
9、what 31. adapting 32. did (B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shop. Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the countrys first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Vil
10、lage of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)_electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)_ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mi
11、ni shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)_ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn
12、t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)_. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)_ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)_ force village shops across th
13、e country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)_ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox h
14、opes his new invention will offer a solution (40)_these villages without a local shop.解析：33. 本题考查冠词用法。由于engineer是可数名词，而electrical前面为元音读音，故该空填不定冠词an。34. 本题考查动词的时态和语态。根据and looks like a mini shop可知：首先本句用的是一般现在时；其次本句是并列谓语结构；又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系，故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。35. 本题考查非限定性定语从句。根据句式结构
15、可看出，这是一个非限定性定语从句，而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention，又在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which。36. 本题考查反身代词。根据前句I couldnt find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。故填myself。37. 本题考查形容词比较级。该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine，但是作者认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”，即用比较级形式。由于appropriate为多音节形容词，故前面加mor
16、e。38. 本题考查动词时态。根据时间状语In recent years可知，该句用现在完成时。故正确答案为has forced。39. 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。根据前句about 400 village shops closed句意“大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持”，故用现在分词urging。40. 本题考查介词用法。根据短语offer sth. to sb./ sth.可知，该空填to。答案：33. an 34. is equipped 35. which 36. myself 37. more appropriate 38. has for
17、ced 39. urging 40. toSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Lets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully plan menus for mea
18、ls or read food 41 at the supermarket. Since you really 42 yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help 43 some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which custo
19、mers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled upis a choice architect.Governments dont have to 44 healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if giv
20、en an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with 4
21、5 hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to 46 foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each
22、product contains 47 by looking at the lights on the package. A green light 48 that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be 49 ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in 50 . The customer is
23、given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.解析：41. 本题考查名词搭配。由于在超市里，所以是阅读食物标签（labels）。故选G。42. 本题考查动词短语搭配。根据所给词汇以及yourself to a healthier lifestyle，只有commit yourself to（承诺）符合句意。故选C。43. 本题考查动词用法。根据后面内容some of the burden of doing it all yourself以及前面动词help可知此空应填relieve（
24、减轻），构成“能够有助于减轻独自做这事的一些负担”。故选I。44. 本题考查动词用法。根据句子逻辑，此句意思为“政府不必通过法律来强加（impose）更健康的生活方式，如戒烟”。故选F。45. 本题考查形容词用法。根据设空，本空填形容词，而alert（警觉的）不符合句意，只有gentle（文雅的）符合句意。故选E。46. 本题考查动词短语用法。本句句意为“英国和瑞典政府引进了所谓的交通灯系统来吧食物分类为健康的或不健康的”，短语classify as表示“把分类为”，故选B。47. 本题考查副词用法。根据customers can see at a glance how much fat, s
25、ugar, and salt each product contains 47 by looking at the lights on the package（顾客们只要看包装上的指示灯一眼就能看出每一个产品含有多少脂肪、糖和盐）可知，此空填simply。故选K。48. 本题考查动词用法。由于空后所接的是宾语从句，所以该空填及物动词，结合后面indicates的意思可知，该空填signals（表示）。故选J。49. 本题考查形容词用法。根据前面“绿灯表示三种营养的量是健康的”可知“黄灯表示三种营养的量可能有问题”，因此消费者应当留心（alert）。故选A。50. 本题考查名词词义。根据句子re
26、d means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients（红灯意味着至少三个营养中的一个是高的）可知，这样的食物应当有节制地（in moderation）吃。故选H。答案：41. G 42. C 43.1 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. HIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phras
27、es marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films weve just watched or books weve jus
28、t finished reading, but plain and simple 51 .Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 52 do with it? We gossip. About others behaviour and private lives, such as whos doing what with whom, whos in and whos out-and why; how to deal with difficult 53 situations involving children
29、, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 54 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? Its not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest bo
30、ok, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 55 issues.Dunbar 56 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or ev
31、en to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We dont spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar 57 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to go
32、ssip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 58 of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming-cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 59 from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 60 t
