1、英语新同步译林必修四江苏专用精编讲义Unit2SectionGrammarSection_Grammar_&_Writing 语法图解 探究发现Today, both male and female athletes from around the world can take part.I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.Naturally, after I tell her what to do, my daugh
2、ter must do the opposite!You should apologize to Mary for your rude remarks.Mr Jones must be a teacher, isnt he?He may come here by train, but I am not sure.我的发现(1)情态动词没有人称和数的变化。(2)情态动词在句中虽有一定的词义，但不能独立作谓语，要和另一动词连用，构成谓语。(3)情态动词后面接动词原形，即不带to的不定式。(4)句中的can表示能力；句中的must表示推测；句中的must表示偏要；句中的should表示义务，责任；句
3、中的may表示可能。一、基本概念情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to除外)，一般不能单独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在省略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 二、基本用法1can (could)(1)表示能力，can表示现在的能力，could主要指过去的能力。You can tell the significance of climate change
4、to us.你可以告诉我们气候变化的重要意义。I simply couldnt figure out his intention.我简直揣摩不透他的用意。名师点津can表示能力的时候，还可以用be able to代替，can用于一般现在时，could用于一般过去时。can (could)表示具备这样的能力，但不一定做了，而be able to表示不但具备这样的能力，而且经过努力做了。Can you come to the party tomorrow?明天你能来参加聚会吗？He was a good swimmer so he was able to swim to the riverbank
5、 when the boat sank.他是一个很擅长游泳的人，所以当船下沉时，他能够游到河岸上。(2)表示请求许可。当请求允许做某事时，两者均可用，但用could语气更委婉。当表示允许某人做某事时，一般要用can，而不用could。Can/Could I use your bike tomorrow morning?Yes, you can./No.Im afraid not.我明天早晨能用你的自行车吗？是的，可以。/不，恐怕不行。You can go with them if you like.如果你愿意的话，可以和他们一起去。(3)表示推测。can表推测时一般用于否定句和疑问句中(cou
6、ld一般无此限制)。表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定时，常用“can/couldhave过去分词”的否定或疑问形式。It cant/couldnt be true.那不可能是真的。We could go there this summer.今年夏天我们可能要去那里。Can/Could he have heard the news?他过去听说这个消息了吗？(4)表示客观的可能性(并非主观推测)，意思是“有时候可能会”。The weather in Shanghai can/could be very cold in winter.上海冬季可能很冷。(5)表示惊异、怀疑，不相信的态度(主要用在否定
7、句、疑问句或感叹句中)。How can you be so careless!你怎么那么粗心呀！即时演练1(1)选词填空：can, could, be able toMan can not live without air.Being a wise person, he finally was_able_to find the place.The cheater said that he could turn stone into gold.(2)完成句子我快饿死了，现在我能吃两碗米饭。I am starving to death. I can_eat_two_bowls_of_rice no
8、w.对不起我一直没能给你回信。I am sorry I havent_been_able_to_answer your letter.那时候这个小男孩还不会游泳。At that time the little boy couldnt_swim.他不可能在家我刚才在超市看见他了。He cant_be_at_home I saw him in the supermarket just now.(3)(2015浙江高考)It was so noisy that we _ hear ourselves speak.Acouldnt BshouldntCmustnt Dneednt解析：选A句意：太吵了
9、，以至于我们不能够听到我们在说什么。根据语境，此处是表示能力，故选A。2may (might)(1)表示允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。You may come if you wish.如果你想来，你就来。May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？名师点津对may的一般疑问句的肯定回答可用may或can, 但作否定回答时要用mustnt或cant。May I smoke here?No, you mustnt. Youd better not.我可以在这里吸烟吗？不，不可以。你最好不要吸烟。(2
10、)表示可能。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气不肯定。He may be at home at the moment.他现在可能在家。She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。(3)用于表祝愿的句子中。May both the bride and groom have long and happy lives.祝新娘新郎幸福长寿。3must (have to)(1)must表示必须，没有时态变化。强调的是一种主观看法，也表示责任或义务。have to表示“必须，不得不”，是由于某种外界(客观)原因而“必须，不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”
11、做。mustnt表示禁止做某事；have to的否定形式表示“不必”。have to可用于多种时态中。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)He said that he must work hard.他说他必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)名师点津回答must引出的疑问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustnt，而要用neednt 或dont have to。Must we hand in our exerc
12、ise books now?Yes, you must. (No, you neednt./No, you dont have to.)我们现在就必须要交练习本吗？是的，必须。(不，不必。)(2)must表示猜测。意为“想必，准是，一定”等，只用于肯定句。The book must be the one you want.这本书一定是你要的那本。Shes wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。(3)must还可表示“偏要”。表示说话人不耐烦、不满的情绪。Why must it rain on
13、 Sunday?为什么偏要在星期天下雨？即时演练2(1)用适当的情态动词填空My sister is ill; my mother has_to look after her.Theres a lot of noise from next door. They must be having a party. Must I return all the books in three days?Yes, you must. (No, you neednt/dont_have_to.)If you must go, at least wait until the storm is over.(2)(
14、2015重庆高考)You _ be Carol. You havent changed a bit after all these years.Amust BcanCwill Dshall解析：选A句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。must表示对现在的肯定推测。故选A。4shall(1)表示征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get you some more tea?再来点茶好吗？Shall the boy wait outside?让那男孩在外面等吗？(2)表示说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall come
15、 on time.你必须准时到。(命令)He shall have the book when I finish reading it.我读完这本书就给他。(允诺)Nothing shall stop us from carrying out this plan.没有什么事情能阻止我们实施这项计划。(决心)(3)shall用于第三人称，表示按照法律、条文或规定必须做的事，意为“应，必须”。No reader shall remove a book from the library without permission.未经许可，读者不准把书带出图书馆。即时演练3(1)选择下列句中shall的含
16、义A允诺 B警告C威胁D征求意见You shall fail if you dont work harder. _B_You shall get an answer from me tomorrow. _A_You shall be punished for what youve done. _C_Shall I watch TV for a while？_D_(2)Will you read me a story, Mummy?OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.Amight BmustCcould Dshall解析
17、：选D句意：“妈妈，你能给我读个故事吗？”“好的。如果你尽快上床睡觉你就会听到一个故事。”shall用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。此处shall表示“允诺”。5should(1)表示义务、责任。意为“应该”(某件事宜做)，用于各种人称。You should be polite to your teachers.你对老师应该有礼貌。(2)表示可能性很大的猜测，意为“想必一定，照说应该，估计”等。The film should be very good as it is starring firstclass actors.这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好
18、。(3)表示说话人的惊讶、愤怒、失望等特殊情感，意为“居然，竟然”。Amazing! You should wear slippers at work.真令人惊讶，你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。即时演练4(1)完成句子(江苏高考改编)我感到很不好受，他们自己很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, should_bring_me_food.(全国卷改编)他们本应该在午饭时间到达，但是他们的航班推迟了。They should_have_arrived at lunchtime but their flight was dela
19、yed. (全国卷改编)你说的是什么意思？只有10张票吗？本来应该有12张票的。What do you mean, there are only ten tickets？There should_be_twelve.(2)(2015福建高考)Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.Oh, its too bad. You _ have made full preparations.Amust BcanCwould Dshould解析：选D句意：“对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了。”“噢，那太糟糕了，你本应该做好充分准备的。”should have
20、done意思是“本来应该做，而实际没做”。故选D。6will (would)(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在，would指过去，用于否定句表示“不肯，不乐意”。I will never do that again.我决不会再做那种事了。(2)表示征求意见或提出请求。主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时不表示过去，而是表示委婉语气。 Will/Would you pass me the book?请你把书递给我好吗？(3)will和would可分别表示现在和过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为“总是；常常”。He will sit up there all ni
21、ght.他总是整夜坐在那儿。He would drop in on me on Sundays.他常常在星期天顺便过来看我。used to指过去的动作或状态，着重与现在的对比，可以与过去时间状语连用would表示过去的情况，指过去的习惯动作，不说明现在的情况即时演练5(1)用适当的情态动词填空Will/Would you please save some dessert for me?He used_to be a very strong man, but now he isnt.We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his
22、story when we were young.(2)(2014四川高考)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends.Amight BmustCwould Dshould解析：选C句意：我仍然记得快乐的童年，那时我妈妈在周末总是带我去迪斯尼乐园。might“或许，可能”；must“必须，一定”；would“总是”；should“应该”。由主句中的关键信息“my happy childhood”可知，是小时候经常被带着去迪斯尼乐园，因此这里是表示过去反复出现的动作，
23、故C项would正确。7ought to(1)表示职责和义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他父亲，应当照顾他。You oughtnt to smoke so much.你不应该抽这么多烟。(2)表示推测，暗含很大的可能性，近似于should。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.韩梅应该知道他的电话号码。即时演练6(1)完成句子我明天得把所有的书都还上吗？Ought_I_to_return all the boo
24、ks tomorrow?他不应该缺席这么重要的会议。He ought_not_to_be_absent from such an important meeting.她应该能通过化学期末考试。She ought_to/should_pass her chemistry final exam.(2)Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?No, Ive already bought twenty. That _ be enough for us two.Aought to BwillCmay Dmight解析：选A在表示推测时，ought to,
25、may, might可能性依次降低，根据语境“Ive already bought twenty”可推断出，够两个人喝的可能性非常大，故选A。8need和dare(1)它们作情态动词时，后跟动词原形，常用于否定句、疑问句中。一般不用于肯定句，无第三人称单数形式。dare有过去式形式，构成疑问句时，将其移至句首；构成否定句时，直接在其后加not。Need I tell him everything?Yes, you must./No, you neednt.我要告诉他一切吗？是的，必须。/不，没有必要。How dare she do things like that to me?她怎么敢对我做那
26、样的事呢？(2)作实义动词时，其否定和疑问的构成需借助do/did/does, need后面接带to的不定式，而在疑问句和否定句中，dare后可省去to。有人称和数的变化。He didnt dare (to) go there.他不敢去那儿。Right now you need to stay still until help comes.现在你需要待着别动，直到有人来帮忙。What he needs now are books.他现在需要的是书籍。即时演练7 (1)用dare/need 的适当形式填空You neednt hurry. There is still enough time t
27、o go.Must I go right now?No, you neednt.How dare you say Im unfair?He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?He needs to finish it this evening.Dont you dare touch it?(2)(2015天津高考)I _ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Amightnt Bmu
28、stntCneednt Dcouldnt解析：选C句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。neednt have done sth.“本没有必要做某事，实际上已经做了某事”。根据句意可知选C。.用适当的情态动词填空1Accidents can happen on such a rainy day.2The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone was_able_to get out.3The school rules say that no child shall be allowed out of t
29、he school during the day.4I saw her go out just now. She cant be at home now.5Must we hand in the homework before school is over?No, you neednt. You can/may hand it in tomorrow morning.6My younger sister dare not go out alone at night.7You should/ought_to do something for your aged parents.8When we
30、worked in the same office, we would have coffee together.9Why must you always smoke in the office?10Im sorry that you should think so badly of me.完成句子1He must_be_ill (准是病了). He looks so pale.2He shall_be_sorry (会后悔的) for it one day; I tell you.3After years of hard work he was_able_to (能够) win the prize.4If you must_smoke (一定要抽烟), at least you could use an ashtray.5My grandma is well over eighty, but she_can_read_without_glasses (她看书仍不需要眼
