1、中考英语词语释义题解题技巧中考英语词语释义题解题技巧 重点、难点、考点一、重点是：(1)常见的构词法1)合成词：合成词是由两个或两个以上的词构成一个新的词。如：blackboard(黑板)，newspaper(报纸)，afternoon(下午) ,pencil-box(铅笔盒)。2)派生词：派生词是由词根加派生词缀构成的词，词根是派生词的基础，同一词根加不同的派生词缀可以表示不同的意义，还可以表示不同的词的词性。动词变名词：后缀er drive(驾驶)driver(驾驶员) teach(教)teacher(教师) read(阅读)reader(读者) 后缀or invent(发明)invent
2、or(发明家) visit(访问)visitor(访问者) 后缀tion invent(发明)invention(发明) operate(手术)operation(手术)名词变形容词：后缀y wind(风)windy(刮风的) sun(太阳)sunny(晴朗的) 后缀ful help(帮助)helpful(有帮助的) care(小心)careful(小心的) 后缀ly friend(朋友)friendly(友好的)形容词变名词：+后缀ness good(好的)goodness(善良，美德) kind(和善的)kindness(和善)形容词变副词：后缀ly bad(坏的)badly(糟糕地) q
3、uick(快的)quickly(迅速地)改变词义：前缀un happy(高兴的)unhappy(不高兴的) usual(平常的)unusual(不平常的)转化词：转化词是指由一种词类转用作另一种词类的词。例如：hand(n .)手， hand(v .)传递， dry(adj .)干燥的， dry(v .) 烘干说明初中总复习中，词汇的复习十分重要。掌握单词和词组的用法是学好语言的前提之一。没有一定的词汇量，不掌握词语的基本用法，就失去了英语知识复习的基础，也就更谈不上灵活运用和综合分析能力了。(2)词形变化英语词汇的词形变化除了前面讲的词根派生词缀构成的派生词的变化外，还存在有一些单词词尾的屈
4、折变化，它们是：1)表示名词复数的词形变化。例如：handhands(手) picturepictures(图片)knifeknives(小刀) citycities(城市)2)表示形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的词形变化。例如：cheapcheapercheapest(便宜的)latelaterlatest(迟来的，迟来地)earlyearlierearliest(早的、早地)3)表示动词一般现在时第三人称单数的词形变化。例如：cleancleans(打扫) catchcatches(按住) carrycarries(携带)4)表示动词过去时和-ed分词的词形变化。例如：catchcatche
5、d(捉住) carrycarried(搬运)closeclosea(关闭) stopstopped(阻止)5)表示动词-ing分词的词形变化。例如：walkwalking(走) makemaking(做) sitsitting(坐)二、难点是：如何运用词或词组。三、考点是：(1)单词拼写。(2)词形变化。(3)对词语的理解运用和相似词语的辨析。有关词汇的考题在中考中有10分左右。 【经典范例引路】例1 选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的词或短语。( )1 .Mary called him three times yesterday , but nobody answered .A .visit
6、ed B .gave a message to C .told D .phoned( )2 .Jim comes to visit us sometimes . That is always the happiest time for the whole family .A .on time B .all the time C .at times D .many times( )3 .Jimmy tried hard , and in the end he did it well .A .at first B .at the beginning C .at the end D .at last
7、( )4 .Oh , sorry . John . I forgot to post your letter . That’s all right . I’ll post it myself.A .Never think about it B .It doesn’t matterC .Don’t be sorry D .I don’t care( )5 .Hello !May I speak to the headmaster ? Hold on , please .A .Speak louder B .Wait a momentC
8、.Call again D .Speak out(2001年河北省中考题)简析：选出能替换划线部分的选项，这是一种常见题型。做此类题时应注意以下几点：(1)弄懂句意，特别是划线部分意思，以及各选项的意思。(2)能替换划线部分的选项与划线部分意思要相同。(3)选项与划线部分在句法功能上保持一致。第小题划线部分called后接him(sb)，首先要知道它在句中的意思，为“给……打电话”。选项意为“访问”，选项意为“给……捎口信”，选项意为“告诉”，只有选项
9、 .phoned意人“给……打电话”，与划线部分意思相同。且phoned与called的句法功能也相同。故答案为。第小题划线部分sometimes意为“有时，某时”。A选项意为“准时，按时”，B选项意为“一直总是”，C选项意为“有时，某时”，D选项意为“许多次”。故答案为C。第3小题划线部分in the end意为“最后，终于”。A选项意为“起初，开始”，B选项意为“在
10、开始时”，C选项意为“在末尾”，D选项为“最后，终于”。故答案为D。第4小题划线部分That’s all right在此处意为“不要紧，没关系”，用来回答别人道歉的用语。A、B、C、D四个选项中只有It doesn’t matter与That’s all right意义相同。故答案为B。第5小题划线部分Hold on在此处意为“等一会儿”，是打电话时的交际用语。只有wait a moment与Hold on 意义相同，故答案为B。例2 单项选择。( )
11、1 .Students are usually interested in sports . Some like running ;some like swimming ;_like ball games . (2001年上海市中考题)A .the others B .others C .the other D .other( )2 .Can you speak Chinese ,Peter ? (2001年北京市海淀区中考题) Yes , but only_ .A .little B .few C .a little D .a few( )3 .Don’t worry ,I
12、217;ll take good care Polly .(2001年天津市中考题)A .for B .of C. with D .to简析：此题是考查词语意义和用法上的区别，以及词语的固定搭配。在做此类题时，我们应注意：(1)先读懂题意，找出考查点。(2)观察分析空格与它的前后部分的联系及空格在句中的句法功能。(3)根据题意及分析结果，对比所有选项，选择最恰当的选项。(4)对于难度较大、很难直接从正面找到答案，就可采用排除法根据题意和所学知识排除错误答案。剩下的便是正确答案。第1小题是考查the others ,others ,the other ,other这四者在意义和用法上的区别：th
13、e others特指某一范围内的“其余的人(物)”而others泛指“其余的人(物)”它常和some对比使用，即“some . . .others . . .”，the other特指“(两个中的)另一个”，other泛指“另一个”。故答案为B。第2小题是考查little ,few ,a little ,a few的用法：某一语言不可数，因此B、D两选项不成立。而little是表示否定意义，a little表示肯定意义。根据题干的意思应为肯定，故答案为C。第3小题是考查tak
14、e care of这一固定词组。故答案为B。 【综合能力训练】一 .根据所给英语释义写出单词(首字母已给出)。1 .become a member of j 2 .have (clothes) on the body w 3 .almost not h 4 .not any ,no one n 5 .at last f 6 .the fourth day of a week W 7 .the opposite of cheap e 8 .father or mother p 9 .ice box f 10 .go in a car or on a horse or a bike r 二 用括号
15、中所给词的适当形式填空。1 .“Thank you ,”he said (polite).2 .Children must be stopped from (skate) on thin ice .3 .She spends one hour (watch) TV every day .4 .Keep (quietly) !They are listening to the teacher .5 .Would you please say it again more (loud) ?6 .Keep on (work) hard ,or you’ll fall
16、 behind other students .7 .I’ve been on the Great Wall (two) .8 .Thank you for (lend) me the story book .9 .I often write “Best (wish) for Teachers’ Day !”on the cards .10 .Meimei did (badly) than Lucy in the high jump .11 .After ten minutes’ rest ,they went on (walk) .
17、12 .I saw a wallet (lie) on the ground on my way home .13 .There is a fire (burn) in the fireplace .14 . (pick) apples is better than (have) classes .15 .They went to the park instead of (stay) at home last Saturday .16 .“See you” is another way of (say) “Goodbye” .17 .They e
18、njoy (take) a walk after supper .18 .I don’t feel like (eat) anything now .19 .The teachers are busy (get) ready for tomorrow’s work.20 .Don’t forget to take the (shop) list with you. 创新备考训练 (选自各地中考题) .根据句意，选择与句中划线部分意思相同或相近的解释。1 .We are very glad to hear the good news .A .sorry B .
19、sad C .pleased2 .I will go to see my grandma this evening .A .visit B .move C .watch3 .They have a lot of apples and bananas in the basket .A .some B .many C .much4 .Alice will go shopping with her aunt tomorrow .A .buy something B .borrow books C .wash clothes5 .The little boy is good at drawing .A
20、 .is poor at B .is slow at C .does well in6 .What are the boys doing ?They are at work .A .are workers B .work here C .are working7 .We were busy last week ,so we had a little rest .A .a small B .a short C .a few8 .Mrs Green usually goes for a walk after supper .A .has a walk B .walks around C .want
21、s a walk9 .Jim arrived at the farm early.A .got on B .got up C .got to10 .My grandma bought a big birthday present for both of us.A .both us B .we both C .us both11 .Hello ,may I speak to Mr. White ,please ?Hold on for a moment ,please .A .Wait B .Sit C .Stop12 .It’s really difficult to learn
22、maths well .A .wrong B .easy C .hard13 .Bob is very strong .He is able to carry the box.A .must B .can C .need14 .Han Meimei has a few American friends .A .many B .some C .no15 .We are happy to see you again .A .worried B .sad C .pleased .根据句意及汉语提示，在下列各句空缺处写出各单词的正确形式。1 .Can you answer my (三) questio
23、n in English ?2 .Mary did (差) in the exam than Lucy .3 .Look !They are talking (高兴) in the room .4 .I (驾驶) my car to Beijing last summer .5 .My house is not far from my (叔叔) .6 .The sun is (照耀) brightly in the sky .7 .They will bring some (土豆) for a picnic tomorrow .8 .He gets on very well with his
24、(父母) .9 .I like (浅) colours ,for example ,white .10 .Mr Wang (搬迁) here last week .He is a new comer .11 .I usually go to work on (步行) .12 .There are ten (班级) in our grade .13 .Lucy studies (努力地) than Lily14 .Mr Smith will give us a talk at the (会议) .15 .Excuse me ,may I (借) your eraser ?Certainly .h
25、ere you are .16 .It is an (容易的) question .I can answer it .17 .He won’t do it .I won’t do it , (也) .18 .Is there a (书桌) in your room ?19 .Your hands are so (脏的) again .Go and wash them .2、在加热的过程中，蜡烛发生了什么变化？（P29）20 .They have planted more than two (千) young trees this spring .10、由于人口迅速增长、
26、环境污染和全球气候变暖，世界人均供水量自1970年以来开始减少，而且持续下降。 .根据句子的意思和首字母提示，用适当的词填空，使句子的意思连贯与正确。1 .Whose is this T-shirt ?It isn’t m .It’s hers .8、铁生锈的原因是什么？人们怎样防止铁生锈？2 .This bag is big .Please give me a s one .4、科学家研究表明昆虫头上的触角就是它们的“鼻子”，能分辨出各种气味，比人的鼻子灵敏得多。3 .My father works in a hospital .He is a d .4 .April
27、 is the f month of the year .5 .When the lights are g ,the traffic can go .答：尽可能地不使用一次性用品；延长物品的使用寿命；包装盒纸在垃圾中比例很大，购物时减少对它们的使用。6 .Fifteen minutes is a q .10、日食：当月球运动到太阳和地球中间，如果三者正好处在一条直线上时，月球就会挡住太阳射向地球的光，在地球上处于影子中的人，只能看到太阳的一部分或全部看不到，于是就发生了日食。日食时，太阳被遮住的部分总是从西边开始的。7 .September 10th is T Day .25、意大利的科学家伽
28、利略发明了望远镜，天文学家的“第三只眼”是天文望远镜，可以分为光学望远镜和射电望远镜两种。8 .C is spoken by the largest number of people in the world .答：可以，馒头中也含有淀粉，淀粉在咀嚼的过程中发生了变化，变得有甜味了。9 .When s comes ,everything begins to grow .It’s my favourite season of the year .2、人们通常处理垃圾的方法有填埋或焚烧。10 .Pardon ,doctor ?I said ,“Take the m thre
29、e times a day ,and you’ll be well soon .”11 .Mr Turner liked visiting some places of great interest ,but he didn’t want to s too much money .12 .Have you watched the seven o’clock CCTV news report ?4、如何借助大熊座找到北极星？（P58）Yes .There is a lot of i news in it .13 .You look w .What’s wrong with you ?14 .Do you mind cleaning your room ?It’s very d .Certainly not .I’ll do it as soon as possible .
