1、,International BusinessEnglish,LESSON ONEInternational Business,1,Business Knowledge,e,International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries.(sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export,suc
2、h as business between HongKong and Taiwan)Major differences between international business and domestic business:1.differences in legal system 2.differences in currencies 3.differences in cultural background4.differences in natural and economic conditions major types of international business1.trade
3、:commodity trade/visible tradeservice trade/invisible trad 2.investment:FDI(foreign direct investment)portfolio investment3.other types:licensing and franchisingmanagement contract and contract manufacturing turnkey project and BOT,2,Business Knowledge,Case假设美国的Anheuser-Busch公司（简称A-B）想把它的百威啤酒卖到 加拿大，
4、它有三种方式可以选择：在美国酿造，出口到加拿大在加拿大建立自己的生产子公司授权加拿大的一家啤酒厂，在加拿大酿造和销售百威啤酒1.-直接出口2.-对外直接投资3.-特许经营,3,Trade term,FDI is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.GDP(gross domestic product)measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the ge
5、ographic area of an economy.BOT:B stands for build,O for operate and T for transfer.BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project.For a BOT project,a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.patent 5.copyrigh6.value chain
6、:the chain of activities by which a company buys in materials,creates a good or service,markets it,and provides services after a sale is made.Each step creates more value for the consumer.7.Franchising,(Text P13 Ex2/Reference P10,P15 E1-4),4,Translation(R-P16),国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复
7、杂得多。他们在法制体系、货币、文化和自然条 件与经济条件方面都有所不同International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries.It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.They are quite different in legal systems,currency,cultural and natural and economic conditions.随着经济全球
8、化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占 的比例也逐渐增大With the development of economic globalization,invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries.BOT是“交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project,5,International BusinessEnglish,LESSON TWOIn
9、come level and the world market,6,Business Knowledge,GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a countrys total income.GNP(gross national product)refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.(国民原则).GDP measures
10、 the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy（国土原则）.The major difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place;the former stresses the i
11、ncome generated by turning out the products while the latter,the value of the products themselves.And we can use them interchangeable.Per capita income and per capita GDPPer capita income is calculated by dividing its national income by its population.per capita GDP is calculated by dividing its tot
12、al GDP by its population.Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers,which is important when marketing consumer durables.,7,Business Knowledge,Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income,middle-income and low-income economies.Standards f
13、or classification:High-income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of$9386 and above,e.g.the United States.Middle-income countries refer to those with annual per capita income of below$9386 but above$765,e.g.Greece.Low-income countries refer to those with annual per capita income o
14、f only$765 or below,e.g.most African countriesPPP(purchasing power parity)购买力平价:parity between two currencies at a rate of exchange that will give each currency exactly the same purchasing power in its own economy.Representative countires:OECD stands for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Dev
15、elopment.An organization that acts as a meeting ground for 30 countries which believe strongly in the free market system.The OECD provides a forum for discussing issues and reaching agreements,some of which are legally binding.,8,Business Knowledge,High income countries are important to trade and in
16、vestment:Because high-income countries often have good infrastructure,high purchasing power,advanced technology,efficient management,and favorable environment for trade and investment.They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and both attractive sources and destinations of investment.But
17、 lower income countries should not be neglected in international business activities,because they constitute markets for lower-priced staple goods,provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources.What is more important,market is something to be developed.Once tapped,the business potential of thes
18、e countries will one day become real business opportunities.The best policy for China to develop business opportunities is that we should pay particular attention to the markets around us:the Four Tigers,the ASEAN countries,Russia,India and a bit farther away Australia,at the same time,do not neglec
19、t other markets.It is not a good idea to tie ones business to only a few markets,9,Business Knowledge,Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world,the United States,the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities.Quad extends the scope of Triad to include
20、Canada2012一季度世界主要经济体排名,中国GDP总量靠前，per capita GDP靠后。总量超越，理性看待,10,Trade term,national income 国 民 收 入:the total net value of all goods and services produced within a nation over a specified period of time,representing the sum of wages,profits,rents,interest,and pension payments to residents of the natio
21、n.staple goods大路货:goods produced or stocked in large quantities to meet steady demand.income distribution收入分配:the proportion of a markets rich,middle and low income people.infrastructure基础设施:the basic facilities,services,and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society,such as
22、transportation and communications systems,water and power lines,and public institutions including schools,post offices,and prisons.creditor country债权国:the country to which money or its equivalent is owed.,11,Translation,国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入，在衡量国 民收入方面可以互换使用GNP and GDP indicate a countrys total
23、income.They can be used interchangeably to measure the level of its national income.商界人士非常关心一个市场的收入分配，因为如果在低收入国家他们 就要以生产价格低廉的大路货为主Business people are concerned about the income distribution because they have to major in producing lower-priced staple goods if it is in a lower-income country.欧盟作为三方组合的
24、一个分支，在使我们的市场多元化方面起着相当 重要的作用EU,as one leg of Triad,plays an important role in the respect of diversifying our market,12,International BusinessEnglish,LESSON Three Regional Economic Integration,13,Business Knowledge,The major objectives of regional integration is to better enjoy the benefit of free fl
25、ow of goods,services,capital,labor and other resources,at the same time possibly put up barriers to economic activities with non-members.four levels of regional economic integration:free trade area(FTAs),it is the first and loosest form of economic integration.members remove barriers to the flow of
26、goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders.The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA)Customs Union is a further step.It adopts the same trade policy for all the members toward countries
27、outside their organization in addition to abolishing trade barriers among themselves.It is more integrative than free trade area.(Southern Cone Customs Union)Common Market is the further up the scale of regional economic integration.Besides free movement of goods and services and adoption of common
28、external trade policy,factors of production such as labor,capital and technology are free to move among members so that they can be utilized in a more efficient and productive way.In the past,the European Community remained a common market for some years.,14,Business Knowledge,four levels of regiona
29、l economic integration:4.economic union is the highest form of economic integration.Which is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy,finance etc.in addition to absence of trade barriers,practice of common external policy and free production factor m
30、obility.The members are required not only to harmonize their taxation,government expenditure,industry policies,etc,but also use the same currency(EU-euro),成员国之间 的自由贸易,共同对外关税,生产要素的自 由流动,各种经济政策 的协调,Customs union,Economic union,15,Business Knowledge,European Union(EU):the economic association of over a
31、 dozen European countries which seek to create a unified,barrier-free market for products and services throughout the continent,as well as a common currency with a unified authority over that currency.the origin and development of the EU:The European Unions history dates back to the early post-war y
32、ears.1952-the European Coal and Steel Community;1957-the European Economic Community;1967-the European Community;1992-the true common market as envisaged by the Single European Act;1994 the European UnionThe most powerful institution of the EU is the Council of Ministers.Its executive body is the Eu
33、ropean Commission.It is composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23 departments in charge of different affair.Though appointed by member governments,the commissioners are responsible to the Union instead of their home country.,16,Business Knowledge,European Union(EU):,17,Business Knowledge,Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC):is an international group of countries and economies whose goal is to
