1、高考英语短文改错高频考点3非谓语动词专题03 短文改错高频考点TOP 3 非谓语动词考点一 语句中多出谓语动词（多半是以动词原形出现），且与逻辑主语是主谓关系，应用现在分词（此处应与情态动词和使役动词的用法区别记忆）非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义现在分词/动名词一般式doingbeing done其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生完成式having donehaving been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生【点津】现在分词状语常置于句尾，习惯用逗号隔开，所以通常情况下讲逗号后面的动词应该用-ing形式。 1)We should not leave
2、the tap water run or waste any materials in the laboratory class.【答案】run改为running【解析】使役动词leave的用法，leave sth. doing，应为主动形式2)Shake her head， she said， “It isnt a good time to do that， dear.” 【答案】Shake 改为 Shaking【解析】现在分词表伴随考点二 动词原型构成的祈使句和现在分词短语用作句子的主语混淆非谓语动词，顾名思义，它不是谓语，也就是说句子里另有谓语。祈使句，前面用作原型的动词就是谓语，句子里
3、其它地方没有谓语了。这就是最大的区别！Put（谓语） your creative juices（宾语） to good use by trying to bring out the poet in you（状语）。put是谓语，变成动名词putting的话，句子就没有谓语了！下一句也是如此，and前后是并列关系，两个make分别是分句的谓语，换成making，前半句就没谓语了。Driving in downtown area(主语） requires（谓语） higher attention（宾语）.后面有谓语，前面的动词就不能用原形，要变成动名词形式的非谓语。1)Play football
4、not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. 【答案】Play改为Playing【解析】动名词短语作主语2)I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. 【答案】watch改为 watching【解析】因为动词原形不能用作主语考点三 现在分词误用，即与逻辑主语之间应是被动关系非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义过去分词done与
5、句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成1)Upon your arrival，there will be a party for you organizing by my classmates.【答案】organizing改为organized【解析】过去分词后置做定语，修饰party2)I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.【答案】giving 改为 given【解析】“把某物给某人”是give sth to sb；句中records与give是被动关系，故用过去分词考点四 不定式误省略不定式符号to在短文改错中，某些动词经常以动词
6、原型的形式“冒充”谓语，此时应该考虑本句是to do相关的短语、表目的、表将要还是表示出乎意料的结果（此处应该注意非谓语动词doing区别开）1)Besides，it is a good idea learn and sing Chinese songs，because by doing so youll learn and remember Chinese words more easily.【答案】idea后加to【解析】句型it is +抽象名词+to do的句型2)David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on s
7、taying near the car. 【答案】want后加to【解析】“want to do”搭配3)The World Health Organization andother organizations are working improve health all over the world. 【答案】improve前加to【解析】to improve为表目的的不定式短语考点五 With的独立主格结构1. with 名词（代词）现在分词She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her
8、她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。With you helping me whenever Im in trouble, I feel very obliged to you无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我，真是太感激你了。【注意】此处应该和as表示“随着”引导的时间状语从句区别开，比如as the society is developing,.和with the society developing,.2. with 名词（代词）过去分词“I think we can leave with our heads held high,”Eriksson said “We came out o
9、f the toughest group, beat Argentina, beat Denmark in a convincing way”“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。“我们来自死亡之组，以一种令人信服的方式击败了阿根廷，击败了丹麦。”The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare这位守门员离开了日本，而他的缺点却暴露无遗。3. with 名词（代词）不定式With 10 minutes to go, youd better hurry还有十分钟，你最好快一点。With you to lead us, our group
10、is sure to succeed有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。1) Nowadays with modern life go rapidly，many people suffer from different kind of diseases，both mentally and physically.【答案】go改成going【解析】with的复合结构，life和go之间表示主动，故用going2) As the society developing, people would like to choose travel abroad.【答案】As改成With，或者developing前
11、加is【解析】with的复合结构，society和develop之间表示主动，故用developing（1） In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.【答案】work 前加 to【解析】此句为 force sb to do sth 的被动形式。（2） Its very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.【答案】learn 前加 to【解析】此句用的是 its difficult for sb to do sth 句型（3） It was silly of you believe wh
12、at he said.【答案】believe 前加 to【解析】此句用的是 its silly of sb to do sth 句型（4） He was made wash the bosss car once a day.【答案】wash 前加 to【解析】make sb do sth 中的 do 不能带to，但若 make 用于被动语态，则其后的 do 要带 to（5） Ill let you to know as soon as I hear from her.【答案】去掉 to【解析】因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to（6） I waved to her but fai
13、led attract her attention.【答案】attract 前加 to【解析】fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”（7） I have already seen the film twice. I dont want see it any more.【答案】see 前加 to【解析】want（想要）后接动词要用不定式（8） What I want know is when all this happened.【答案】know 前加 to【解析】want（想要）后接动词要用不定式（9） It was clear that he wanted be alone. 【答案
14、】be 前加 to【解析】want（想要）后接动词要用不定式（10） Most children are interested in listen to stories.【答案】listen 改为 listening【解析】介词后接动名词作宾语（11） Walk quickly is difficult for an old man.【答案】Walk 改为 Walking【解析】用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。注意不能将 walk 视为名词，因为其后有副词修饰语 quickly（12） Be careful in cross the street.【答案】cross 改为 crossing【
15、解析】介词后接动名词作宾语（13） The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.【答案】see 改为 seeing【解析】worth 后接动词要用动名词形式（14） Find work is very difficult these days.【答案】Find 改为 Finding【解析】用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形（15） Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.【答案】ask 改为 asking【解析】enjoy 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式（16） Look， s
16、ome of my classmates are practising speak English over there.【答案】speak 改为 speaking【解析】practise 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式（17） Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.【答案】Teach 改为 Teaching【解析】用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形（18） Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.【答案】Learn 改为 Learning【解析】用作主语要
17、用动名词，不用动词原形（19） My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.【答案】repair 改为 repairing【解析】因它与 making 并列，一起用作介词 at 的宾语（20） He decided to go to the south， find a good job and living there.【答案】 living 改为 live【解析】因它与其前的 go to， find 并列【安徽省黄山市普通高中2019届高三11月“八校联考”】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）51.假
18、定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉修改：在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分I will share one experience with you. With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety
19、. However, I couldnt be absorbed in study, resulting from my failure in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then, my teacher, Miss Zhang, approached me and said, In life we all have moments when we cant achieve what we want . It is natural. Dont let those moments to weaken you, and turn t
20、hem into motivation to inspire yourself. Her words were reminder that provided me with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently, I gained that I deserved. So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what
21、 you want in your life.【答案】【解析】【分析】本文主要讲述作者因担心高考而心情焦虑，不能专注于学习而导致考试失利。在作者沮丧之时，张老师鼓励作者把这些不愉快的时刻变成动力。最终，作者得到自己想要的东西。因此，作者认为乐观的态度是最重要的3.考查动词固定搭配result in表示导致，而result from则表示由导致，由于，结合句意我不能专心学习，导致了我考试失利，此处应用result in。因此fromin。4.考查形容词。句意:我感到很沮丧。discouraging “令人沮丧的”，一般用于修饰物; discouraged“泄气的，沮丧的，灰心的”一般用来表示人物
22、所处的心理状态或情感变化，其主语一般是人。本句的主语是“I”,所以s要用discouraged。因此discouragingdiscouraged。 5.考查连词。句意；在生活中,我们都有无法获得我们想要东西的时刻。这里we cant achieve what we want。want是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语，不用to。故去掉to ，要去掉去掉to6.考查连词。根据句意：不要让这些时刻削弱了你的能力，而是把它们当成激励你的动力此处上下文之间是转折关系，而非并列关系，要用连词but。因此and-but。7.考查代词。句意：把它们当成激励你的动力。句中要用人称代词的宾格形式you作宾语。因此yo
23、urselfyou8.考查冠词。句意：她的话是一个提醒。reminder是可数名词，单数形式前加不定冠词a表示泛指。因此reminder前加a。9.考查宾语从句。deserve是及物动词，宾语从句中deserve缺少宾语，因此要用what作其宾语，同时来引导按语从句。因此thatwhat。10.考查强调句。句意：乐观的态度最重要。本句是强记句型，强调的是句中的主语（an optimistic attitude）。英语强调句型：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分，如本句it is an optimistic attitud
24、e that matters most of all如果去掉强调的部分，句意完整,可知是强调句型。因此which-that。【安徽省江淮十校2019届高三第二次联考】假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Miss Zhang is one of my most
25、 favonte teachers. She has a slim build and always ties his hair in a ponytail. She is 35, but she looks quite young at her age.Which impresses me most is Miss Zhangs way of teaching. She devotes herself to teach and prepares well for every class. Not only did she help us to understandwhat ,but she
26、explores why. She encourages us to think independent and have discussions among ourselves when we faced with problems. She is such a inspiring person with a strong sense of responsibilities, and we all respect and admire her.【答案】【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了作者最喜欢的老师。第三处：考查介词。句意：她35岁了，但与她的年龄相比，她看起来相当年轻。根据句意。故a
27、t for。第四处：考查连接词。句意：最让我印象深刻的是张老师的教学方式。分析句子可知，从句做主语，所以为主语从句。根据句意，what在主语从句中作主语。故which what。第五处：考查动名词。句意：她献身于教学，为每门课做了充分的准备。devote oneself to sth “全身投入在某事上” 。故teach teaching。第六处：考查一般现在时。句意：她不仅帮助我们理解了“什么”，而且还探索了“为什么”。分析句子以及上下文的时态，可知，句子为一般现在时。故did does。第九处：考查冠词。句意：她是一个如此鼓舞人心的人，有很强的责任感。inspiring首字母发音为元音因素
28、。故a an。第十处：考查名词。句意：她是一个如此鼓舞人心的人，有很强的责任感。a sense of responsibility“一种责任感”。 故responsibilities responsibility。【河北衡水中学2019届高三上学期期中】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许
29、修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I will share one experience with you. With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety. However, I couldnt be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then, my teacher, Miss Zhang, approach me a
30、nd said, “In life we all have moment when we cant achieve what we want it. It is natural. Dont allow those moments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire you.” Her words were a reminder which provided myself with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently, I gained what I
31、 deserved.So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life.【答案】【解析】 3.from改为in考查动词短语。短语result in导致；result from因为，由于。正是因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。根据句意可知应该使用短语result in“导致”，故将from改为in。 4.discouraging改为discouraged考查形容词。形容词discouraged感到泄气，该词通常修饰人；形容词discouraging令人失望的，该词经常修饰事物。本句中使用discouraged修饰主语I，故将discouraging改为discouraged。 5.approach改为approached考查时态。由时间状语jus
