1、中考英语语法专题复习代词中考英语语法专题复习-代词Sentence 1 When I talk to my friends back in the US, one of the things they often ask me is whether I miss the food back home. I do miss certain things, like my moms cooking, as well as a kind of food that I cannot find in Beijing Americanized Chinese food. Why would you wan
2、t a foreign version of Chinese food when you can get the real thing? Well, American Chinese food is attractive in its own way.Sentence 2 If youre reading this right now, you are probably interested in learning English as a second language and think it could be a valuable skill in the future. But the
3、se days, fewer college students in the United States are studying foreign languages themselves.Sentence 3 Of course, I very much enjoy authentic (正宗的) Chinese food. But there is something about American Chinese dishes, like General Tsos chicken (左宗棠鸡) and chow mein (炒面), that I really miss. When I g
4、o home for holidays, my family is always surprised when I ask them to order American Chinese takeout. But to me, it is a special treat indeed.Sentence 4 Every American Chinese takeout meal also comes with fortune cookies. These are thin, hollow cookies that have a small piece of paper inside. Your “
5、fortune” is written on the paper, along with your “lucky numbers”. Youll never get these cookies when eating takeout in China.Sentence 5 The Modern Language Association (MLA), a group in the US that tracks language studies, found that the number of US college students who were studying a foreign lan
6、guage dropped by 9 percent from 2013 to 2016, Quartz reported. And the number is still decreasing.知识梳理定义及分类代词（Pronouns）是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、句子和句子的词，因此，代词的使用必须和它所替代的词性在人称、数和格上保持一致。大多数代词具有指代和修饰的功能。正确运用代词可以使句子简洁、明快，但是如果使用不当，也容易产生意义理解上的偏差。在平时的学习过程中，应注意正确、恰当地使用代词。一 人称代词(1)人称代词的分类单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称you
7、youyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheheritit (2)人称代词的句法功能作主语 人称代词作主语时用主格 Look at the girl in the red skirt. She is my new classmate.作宾语 人称代词作宾语时用宾格 It is a good habit for me to read a few lines before going to bed.作表语 人称代词作表语时用主格，但在口语中常用宾格 -Who is knocking at the door? -Its me.(3)人称代词的用法I, we和you的用法we是I的复数形
8、式； you既可以是第二人称单数，也可以是第二人称复数。Would you like a cup of coffee?Boys and girls, you may go now.【注意】主格I在句子中的任何位置都要大写we, you, they和he的用法we, you和they都可以泛指复数“人们”，在翻译成汉语时有时不直接译为“我们”“你们”“他们”，单数用heWe have to be very careful in the building.They say prices are going to increase again.He who laughs last laughs be
9、st.he和she的用法Ahe指男性或雄性动物，she指女性或磁性动物。Paul waited a while but at last he left.It was she who cleaned the classroom yesterday.Bshe可以用来代表国家、大地、月亮、车辆、船只等，表示热爱、喜欢等情感。China will always do what she promises to do.The moon is shining brightly tonight. She is like a round plate.Titanic was the greatest of the
10、 time but she sank down to the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean.C故事中常把动物人格化，常用he或she代替itThe bat didnt know whose side he should take.并列人称代词的使用顺序A单数场合的排列顺序为you, he/she, IYou, she and I are all Chinese.B复数场合的排列顺序为we, you, theyWe, you and they are to spare no effort to finish this work.C男女两性并列时，其顺序为he, she
11、He and she didnt agree with me.D做错事承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在第一位-Who broke the cup? -I and he.it的用法A用来指代上文提到过的事物。-What do you think of the movie by Zhao Wei? -Terrific. I like it very much.B用来指代时间、地点、距离、天气、温度等。Its eight oclock now.Its almost 10 minutes walk from my school to the park.It is much hotter than it
12、was yesterday.C用来指代婴儿或不明确的人。The baby is crying. It might be hungry.-Is it Tony over there? -No, its Bills.D作形式主语或形式宾语。Did you find it very interesting to play volleyball?It is no use talking about it.二 物主代词(1)物主代词的分类单数复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称mymineourours第二人称youryoursyouryours第三人称hishist
13、heirtheirsherhersitsits(2)物主代词的用法形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用，只能置于名词之前作定语，不能替代名词。Many toy and technology companies around the world have created lifelike robotic pets. With their soft fur (绒毛), robotic pets can play with you just like real pets.名词性物主代词名词性物主代词独立使用，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词“，在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。If you don
14、t have a dictionary on hand, you may use mine.May I use your ruler? Yours works better.-Whose shoes are these? -They are hers.三 反身代词 表示动作回到其执行者本身，用以加强语气，意为 “我(们)自己” 、“你(们)自己” 、“他(们)自己” 的代词。(1)反身代词的分类第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself/herself/itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves(2)反身代词的句法功能 反身代词与他所
15、替代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称和数上保持一致，可在句中作宾语、表语、同位语。作宾语反身代词作动词的宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，也可用在介词后作宾语，与句子主语互指。He teaches himself Chinese.My little sister is old enough to look after herself.作表语在be/ feel/ look/ seem等连系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神所处的状态。Just be yourself.Henry doesnt seem himself.作同位语作主语或宾语的同位语，起加强语气的作用表示 “亲自”、 “本身”、 “
16、本人”They finished the work themselves.Wed better ask the patient himself about her illness.(3)反身代词的用法反身代词用来加强语气反身代词用于强调时，经常作主语或者宾语的同位语，一般置于所强调的名词或代词后面，如果不影响理解，作同位语的反身代词的位置也可以灵活处理。Peter himself closed the window. = Peter closed the window himself.He wants to see Bob himself.反身代词用于固定搭配中反身代词与某些动词或介词搭配，构
17、成固定短语，表示特殊意义enjoy oneselfhelp oneself todress oneselfcome to oneselffor oneselfdevote oneself toteach oneselftalk to oneself四 指示代词 是用来指代或标记人或事物的名词，表示“这个/些“ ”那个/些“。常用的指示代词有this/ that/ these/ those指示代词近指远指单数复数thisthatthesethose(1)指示代词的基本用法this/ these指代或修饰在时间上或空间上较近的人或物，that/those指代或修饰在时间上或空间上较远的人或物。Th
18、is is my new friend. / He likes these flowers very much.That is a lovely dog. / In those days they had a hard time.that还可以指上文提到的事物，this指下文中将要提到的事物。He got up late. Thats why he was late for class. / Please remember this: No pains, no gains.打电话时，常用this介绍自己，用that来询问对方是谁。Hello, this is Mike. Who is that
19、 speaking?(2)this 和 that作替代词的用法 为了避免重复，that可替代前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，those可替代复数可数名词。The weather in summer in Beijing is cooler than that in Shanghai. / The days in summer are longer than those in winter.五 不定代词 不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的词。不定代词的用法比较复杂，在掌握不定代词的用法的同时，有必要把意义相近而用法不同的不定代词进行比较。不定代词分为两大类，即普通不定代词和复合不
20、定代词。不定代词基本用法all, some, any用作adj，其后跟不可数名词或可数名词复数用作pron，可单独使用，也可跟 “of+不可数名词或可数名词复数”both, (a) few, many用作adj，其后跟可数名词复数用作pron，可单独使用，也可跟 “of+可数名词复数”each, either, neither用作adj，其后跟可数名词单数用作pron，可单独使用，也可跟 “of+可数名词复数”(a) little, much用作adj，其后跟不可数名词用作pron，可单独使用，也可跟 “of+不可数名词”another, other用作adj，前者与单数可数名词连用，而后者可
21、与单数可数名词或复数可数名词连用，两者都可与 “数字+复数可数名词” 或one连用another用作pron，表示三者或三者以上中的另外一个； other常与复数可数名词连用none只用作pron，代替可数或不可数名词，其后跟 “of+复数可数名词或不可数名词”复合不定代词这类代词之后通常不跟of短语，但其后可跟形容词作后置定语；由-body和-one构成的复合代词之后可跟else,而且可用所有格(-s )形式【拓展】从词义上看，不定代词可以分为四类：表示肯定意义的不定代词 some; somebody; something表示非肯定意义的不定代词 any; anyone; anybody;
22、anything; either表示否定意义的不定代词 none; no one; nobody; nothing; neither表示普遍意义的不定代词 all; both; each; everyone; everybody; everything(1)some, any表示“一些“时，some与any既可以修饰或指代可数名词，也可以修饰和指代不可数名词。一般说来，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句。Some say yes, and some say no. / There is not any water in the bottle. / Do you have
23、 any brothers or sisters?some用于疑问句时，表建议、请求、邀请等，或者希望得到对方的肯定回答。Could you buy me some stamps when you pass the pose office? / Can you lend me some picture-books?any用于肯定句时，表示“任何的，任何一个“。The medicine is on sale everywhere. You can get it at any chemists. “some/any + “结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数需要根据of后面的名词的单复数而定。Some
24、of the food has gone sour. / Are any of the paintings for sale?(2)all, bothall和both都意为“都“。all指三者或三者以上的人或物；both则指两个人或物。All of them have now become singers. / Both of them are from England.【拓展】all用来代替或修饰复数可数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式；all用来代替或修饰不可数名词时，位于动词用单数形式；both作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。all, both作主语的同位语时，应位于实义动词之后，连系动词be、
25、助动词或情态动词之后。My parents both like tea very much. / Kates kids are both beautiful and clever. / You should all hand in your homework.(3)oneone可以用来代替单数可数名词，表示泛指意义；ones用来代替复数可数名词。Ive been looking for a dictionary, but I cant find one. / Shanghai has a lot of old buildings, but it also has many new ones.o
26、ne可指代不特定的人、表示“一个人，人们“。One should do his best at all times.one可以和the, this, that, which等词相连。There are three books. Which one is hers, this one or that one or the one on the desk?one, it 和that的区别单词用法例句one泛指上下文提到的同类事物中的一个I lost my pen. I must buy one.it特指上下文提到的同一事物The coat is hers. Its very beautiful.t
27、hat常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Nanjing.(4)either, neithereither表示“两者中的任何一个“，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，其后可接of短语。You can come on Friday or Saturday. Either is OK for me. / I dont care much for what to eat. Either of the two will do.neither表示“两个都不“，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式，其可接of短
28、语。-We have blue and yellow T-shirts. Which colour do you like? -Oh, neither, I think red will be OK.Neither of us wants to speak to him about this matter.(5)each, every意义在句中所作成分与of搭配each强调个体主语、宾语、定语、同位语every强调整体定语each指代或修饰单数可数名词，强调个体，可用于两者之间，也可用于三者或三者以上的场合。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Each of us knows the whole thi
29、ng. / There are flowers on each side of the road. / We each have a computer.every修饰单数可数名词，强调整体，用于三者或三者以上的场合。every修饰名词时作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Every teacher will take part in the research. / Every man is not honest. / 【特别关注】every是adj，只能作定语修饰单数可数名词； every与否定词not连用，表示部分否定。(6)none, no one指代对象可数与不可数回答How many/ much
30、回答how跟of结构none人或物可数、不可数皆可no one人只能为可数none意为“没有人；没有任何东西“，用于三者或三者以上的场合，指代人或物，既可指代复数可数名词，也可指代不可数名词，可与of连用；代替复数可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数均可，常用来回答how many/ much引导的疑问句。None of the stories are/ is interesting. / I need some paper, but there is none at hand.no one意为“没有人“，常指人，仅用于指代单数可数名词，常用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。No one knows all of it. / -Who are you speaking to? -
