1、外文翻译3D 游戏引擎技术开发的研究附 录一、英文原文： 3D game engine technology developed by researchersXie Jingming(Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic College of Software Engineering, Guangzhou Panyu 511483)Abstract: The game engine is the core of the game development technology, development is difficult and costly. In order to b
2、etter develop the game talent, according to the characteristics of teaching the game, made specifically for teaching game development engine platform, the platform was designed with the general framework of the game engine, the game engine has a major functional characteristics, is a commercial game
3、 engine shrink abbreviated version of the game engine technology for the accumulation of experience and teaching the game provides a feasible method of operation.Keywords: game engine; engine framework; Game Training; games teaching modeCLC: TP311.5 Document code: A1 .IntroductionAt present, Chinas
4、game industry is in a period of rapid development, according to International Data Corporation (IDC) report shows that in 2008 the financial crisis, Chinas online game market is still actual sales revenue reached 18.38 billion yuan, an increase of 76.6% compared to 2007, on the contribution related
5、industries reached 47.84 billion yuan, forecast to 2013, Chinas online game actual sales income will reach 39.76 billion yuan. In recent years, actively support the development of animation industry, Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chengdu, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and other places have introduced a series of polici
6、es to fightMaking the citys animation capital. Guangzhou as the national development of online games and cartoon industry base, the animation industry in 2008 exceeded 10 billion yuan output value, accounting for about 1/5.With the increasing demand for the players, the game uses the technology beco
7、mes more complex, which gives the game industry has brought great challenges. Game development game engine provides the main technical framework that enables developers to be able to focus on the gameplay and content. A good game engine can effectively improve the efficiency and robustness of game d
8、evelopment, accelerate time to market. Although the game industry has been rapid development in recent years, but for development time, technical difficulty and research and development costs and other factors to consider, most of the enterprises of the game to take direct way to buy the game engine
9、. Selectable game engine room while not large, the lack of mature self-developed domestic commercial game engine, game engine foreign companies licensing fees of up to hundreds of million to domestic game companies brought greater economic burden. Therefore, in order to grasp the core of the gaming
10、industry Technology to reduce the cost of training personnel game and avoid similar to other development actors foundry industry, China should increase the game engine core technology research efforts.2 .game engine development statusFrom the early 1990s, Europe and other developed countries began t
11、o develop the game engine, the current world leader in research and development level of the famous game engines such as Quake III, Unreal Tournament, LithTech, Source, BigWorld, CryENGINE2 etc from the U.S. and Europe game company. Domestic Only Perfect, target software, graffiti software game engi
12、ne with a handful of companiesR & D capabilities, but mainly for personal use. Domestic colleges and universities in the game engine research in the field is relatively weak, still in the initial exploration phase.3. game engine general frameworkGame engine has evolved into a plurality of sub-system
13、s together constitute a complex platform. Current mainstream 3D game engine in functionality and performance despite its advantages, but their classification framework and main modules are similar. Figure 1 according to the level of the game engine to summarize the main components. Figure 1 game eng
14、ine game engine hierarchy is determined by the lowest level of resource management, network engine, I / O library and graphics math library composed of four parts, mainly for dealing with platform dependent components. Including resource management to manage game resources, provides memory allocatio
15、n and release, in the case of limited memory resources properly scheduling; math library provides 3D graphics data structures, such as vectors, matrices, quaternions, line, plane, etc., and the corresponding operations, such as matrix transpose, inverse, etc.; networking engine interactive two kinds
16、 of LAN and the Internet, data communication solutions, concurrent users, system management, billing and props issues; I / O library provides keyboard, mouse, joystick, and other peripheral input devices.The second layer of the game engine by the physical engine, and sound renderer engine of three p
17、arts. Which provides game physics engine on the one hand between the world of objects, objects and collision detection between scenes and mechanical simulation, simulation of the movement of objects on the other hand offers; renderer provides a realistic image, including graphics, textures, models a
18、nd animation rendering, lighting and material handling, LOD management, etc., is one of the core game engine; sound engine provides audio, voice and background music. The third layer is the game engine by the entity module, animation system, scene management and effects support four parts. Which ent
19、ity module objects in the game world as a common abstract data structures, providing relevant operating; animation system provides gradual animation, skinning skeletal animation; scene management organizations in the outdoor game objects (indoor) location and related features; support the provision
20、of special effects and natural particle system simulation (such as watermarks, rain, smoke, etc.), the game screen is more beautiful.The fourth layer of the game engine by a specific type of game the two components and AI components, mainly for logic control. Wherein the particular type of game-rela
21、ted components to provide specialized application-specific processing method such as FPS, SLG, RPG game component;AI provides running game logic processing, the use of intelligent technology to improve gameplay.Game engine on the fifth floor by the control logic framework, games and game development
22、 tools GUI consists of three parts, mainly for supporting the development of the game. Wherein the control logic framework for different types of games, provide the appropriate framework for the game engine to integrate the various sub-modules.Game development tool includes level editor, scene edito
23、r, particle editor, material editor, DCC software plug-ins and other auxiliary development tools.4. game engine discussions of key technologiesGame engine technology covered by many, as computer hardware, software and network technology continues to develop, especially graphics and computing hardwar
24、e to improve processor performance, the game engine will further towards the direction of realism to create games for gamers provide a more realistic graphics, object movement and behavior experience. Dynamic real-time computing is one of the hot spots, such as real-time rendering, real-time collisi
25、on detection. To improve computing performance, in addition to parallel computing, multi-threading technology, a large number of advanced algorithms have been proposed, the following were the main industry on the current research focus of several discussions:(1)Rendering engine is the game engine is
26、 the most complex components, whose role is to efficiently display a clear picture, it is powerful or not directly determine the final output quality, often require time and processing resources in limited circumstances, to meet the players on the graphics quality requirements, there is the famous o
27、pen source rendering engine OGRE, Irrlicht, etc., usually when developing DirectX and OpenGL as the underlying API. Accurately simulate the real world takes a lot of computing shape, 3D games using real-time rendering quality goal is to do more and more like photos, enhance the games realism. Additi
28、on to the usual cut frustum pick, pick block cut, material level of detail LOD management, from front to back rendering technology, but also through real-time ray tracing, multi-threaded rendering technology, 64-bit high dynamic range rendering HDR, dynamic shadow volume, per-pixel lighting and othe
29、r technical means comprehensive implementation. 1999 NVIDIA GPU proposed concept is implemented in the GeForce 256 hardware transform and lighting calculations, and introduced real-time rendering Cg language. Both Microsoft and 3D Labs were also introduced HLSL and GLSL language.These real-time rend
30、ering language development, which greatly facilitates the work of the game graphics computing.(2) physics enginePhysics engine is to give the objects physical properties make it a movement, rotation and collision realistic objective world of the law, especially for fluid handling, rigid body and clo
31、thing fabric sports complex physics simulations do dedicated support and optimization. Currently there are well-known physics engine Havok and PhysX, physical computing and processing power has been recognized by the industry, has received the support of more than 400 games, in addition to the more
32、famous open source engine with ODE, Tokamak and so on. The research focuses on the physics engine world physics modeling and collision detection two fields, including physics world including soft body and rigid two parts, pre-technical and more focused on the rigid body simulation, the current hot s
33、pot is a soft body simulation, such as soft fabrics and simulation of the surface. The hot spot is the real-time collision detection collision detection, the studys focus on discrete collision detection algorithms and collision detection based on object space. 2005 NVIDIA released its first physical with hardware acceleration compu
