1、定语从句初英语语法大全英语定语从句（初） 知识定位根据对定语从句部分上海中考试题的分析可知有关定语从句的考查重点为：1 定语从句的功用和结构2 关系代词和关系副词的功用3 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法知识梳理一、考查以 that 与 which 引导的定语从句1通常只能用 that 的情况1）当先行词是不定代词 a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级以及被 a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，the onlythe verythe la
2、st 等修饰时。3）如果先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词 that。2通常只用 which 的情况(1)引导非限定性定语从句，用关系代词 which 指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)引导非限定性定语从句，而且先行词指物时只能用 which，不用 that。(3)如果句中有两个定语从句，如果两个从句都可以用 that 引导，那么其中一个应改用 which引导。二、考查以 who，whom 与 whose 引导的定语从句(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词 anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，a
3、ll(指人)等作先行词，作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom，而不用which。(2)在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用 who，作宾语用 whom。(3)在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只能用 whose，它相当于 the+名词+of +whichwhom；非限制性定语从句中还有“代词数词+of +whichwhom结构。三、考查关系副词 where、when 与 why 引导的定语从句它们相当于“介词+which，其中 where=inat +which；when=atinduring +which；why=for +which。(1)关系副词 where 引导定语从句时，一般在定语从句中作
4、地点状语，其修饰的名词一般是表示地点的名词。(2)关系副词 when 引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示时间的名词。(3)关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，只能在定语从句中作原因状语，其修饰的名词必须是表示原因的名词。例题精讲【试题来源】【题目】A friend is someone_ says, “What! You too? I thought I was the only one!”【选项】A. who B. which C. what D. whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。先行词是 someone，表人，排除 B，what 不能引导定语从
5、句，排除 C；先行词和空格后的单词无所有关系，排除 D。故选 A。同学还可掌握这么一句耳熟能详的谚语：A friend in need is a friend indeed 患难朋友才是真朋友。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】当堂例题【难度系数】2【试题来源】【题目】Lily doesnt know _ she and her friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money.【选项】A. that; whose B. how; who C. what; who
6、 D. what; whose【答案】D【解析】考查复合句中的连词。句意：Lily 不知道她和她的朋友能做什么才能帮助这个小男孩，他的父母离开家乡去赚钱了。由 know 可知本句是宾语从句，动词 do 后缺少宾语，故第一个空是由 what 引导的宾语从句；在宾语从句中又包含了定语从句，其先行词为 the little boy，且在从句中修饰 parents ,故由 whose 引导定语从句。选 D。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】当堂例题【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】The Palace Museum is the best place _ Ive ever visited.【选项】A
7、. that B. which C. where D. what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句中关系词的选择。先行词 place 在定语从句中做宾语，所以选关系代词，又因为先行词被最高级 the best 修饰，只能用关系代词 that。故选 A。我们一起来复习一下只用 that 的情况：1. 当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时. 如 Tell me everything that you know. / All the people that are working are my workmates. 2. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时. 如 I want the first that
8、 looks bigger. / This is the third dictionary that I have used. 3. 当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时. 如 Tom is the best that I have ever taught. / The most important thing that she can do is to go to bed at once.4. 当先行词是 the only (“唯一的”), the very (“恰恰；就”), the just (“恰恰；就”), the same (“相同的”), the last (“最后一个”) 等或被这
9、些词修饰时. 如 The only thing that I need to do is to cook a meal. / Hes the very person that I want to find. / Did you miss the last problem that is in your math test? 5. 当先行词是数词时. 如 You can catch the four that are dead.6. 当先行词作表语时. 如 My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.7. 当先行词中既有人, 又有物
10、时. The young man and his bike that I saw just now are still there.8. 当句子中含有两个定语从句时, 如果其中一个定语从句的引导词用了 which、who、whom,则另一个定语从句的引导词用 that, 以避免重复. 如 The TV set which I bought from the shop that opened last month was broken. / The man who is standing behind the people that are playing cards is my uncle.9
11、. 当 which、who、whom 作疑问词,引导特殊疑问句时. 如 Which took the camera that was made in Japan? / Who knows the boy that lives upstairs?【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】当堂例题【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】Her sister has become a lawyer, she wanted to be.【选项】A. who B. that C. what D. which【答案】D【解析】考生乍一看先行词“a lawyer指人，可能会误选 A。分析从句及根据题意“她姐姐已当了一名
12、律师，那是她过去曾想从事的一种职业(律师)”故选 D。which 引导非限制性定语从句，而 B that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。这是有关定语从句的题，故不选 C。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】当堂练习题【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were trying a big sign onto one of the trees.【选项】A. which B. when C. where D. that【答案】C【解析】以句意来看，很容易把本题当作是一个时间状语从句或是等立连词 when 引导的从句。根据题干分析，后者
13、是用来说明 Tom and Jim 要做的事情的地点也就是说应该用定语从句来修饰和说明情况，故填 where 来引导非限制性定语从句。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】当堂练习题【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】If a shop has chairs women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.【选项】A. that B. which C. when D. where【答案】D【解析】本题考查了对定语从句及其引导词的判断。该句句意为“如果商店里有椅子供和妇女来购物的男人们使用。妇女们在商店中会待更长的时间
14、。”chairs 在句中作先行词表示地点，后跟定语从句须用 where 引导，where 在从句中作状语。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】当堂练习题【难度系数】3习题演练【试题来源】【题目】一 Linda, can you tell me something about Mo Yan?Sure. He is the writer _won the Nobel(诺贝尔) Literature Prize.【选项】A. which B. whose C. who D. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的引导词的用法。which 先行词为物时；whose 先行词为人或物，作定语，后得接个名
15、词；who 先行词为人，作主、宾、表语；whom 先行词为人，只作宾语。根据先行词 the writer 作者，作主语。所以选择答案 C。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】随便练练【难度系数】2【试题来源】【题目】The movie _ we saw last night was fantastic.【选项】A. that B. what C. whose D. Who【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句中的关系代词。句意：我们昨晚看的电影非常的好。因先行词 the movie指物，故用关系代词 that 引导定语从句。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】随便练练【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】
16、The young lady _ is interviewing Lin Zhixuan about the program I am a singer is from 21st Century Talent Net.【选项】A. who B. whom C. which D. whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的用法。先行词 the young lady 指人，故排除 C、D，先行词作主语故用 who 连接。所以选择答案 A。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】课后两周练习【难度系数】2【试题来源】【题目】She is the girl invention got the first
17、prize in the school competition .【选项】Awho Bthat Cwhich D. whose【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的连接词。因为先行词是 the girl，表示人，而且连接词后紧跟名词invention 作定语使用，所以选择 D 答案。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】课后两周练习【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】Do you know the man _ is standing at the door?Yes, I do. Hes a friend of_.【选项】A. when; I B. who; mineC. that; me D. whic
18、h; my【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句引导词以及名词性物主代词的用法。定语从句的先行词 the man 是“人，在定语从句中充当的是主语，因此用关系代词 who 或 that 引导来引导，我的一个朋友，a friend of mine，故选 B。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】随堂课后练习【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】A graduation ceremony is a custom takes place students graduate from a school.【选项】A. which; when B. that; who C. which; whose D. that;
19、which【答案】A【解析】考查复合句的连接词。第一个从句是定语从句，先行词表示物，引导词在定语从句中作主语，应当用 that 或 which 引导；第二个从句是时间状语从句，用 when 引导。句意：毕业典礼是学生们从学校毕业时举行的仪式。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】课后一个月练习【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】. People are talking about the old houses _ Jackie Chan bought in Anhui twenty years ago.【选项】A. which B. where C. who D. when【答案】A【解析】考查定
20、语从句中的连接词的用法。这里定语从句要修饰 the old houses，是事物，且在从句中做 bought 的宾语，所以要用连接代词 that 或 which，所以选择答案 A。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】课后一个月练习【难度系数】2【试题来源】【题目】Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine.【选项】A. who B. what C. that D. whom【答案】C【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词是 something，关系代词用 that。故选 C。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】阶段测验【难度系数】3【试题来
21、源】【题目】I like the cartoon _ has a happy ending and makes me _. 【选项】A. which; to laugh B. that; to laugh C. whose; laughing D. which; laugh 【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句的引导词及非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢完满结局的动画片，它让我发笑。先行词 the cartoon 是物，故定语从句的用关系代词用 that/which；再由 make sb. do sth.为固定结构，答案为 D。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】阶段测验【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】Te
22、enagers like reading the books _ are written by Guo Jingjing.【选项】A. who B. what C. whose D. that【答案】D【解析】 考查定语从句的引导词。这是一个定语从句，其先行词是 the books，所以用that/which, 故选 D。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】阶段测验【难度系数】2【试题来源】【题目】The house_ Lu Xun used to live is now a museum. 【选项】A. which B. that C. in which D. there 【答案】C【解析】
23、考查定语从句的引导词。句意为“鲁迅过去住的房子现在成了博物馆。”。由于引导词在从句中作状语，故代词 which 和 that 不合适，而 there 不能引导定语从句，故用 in which。所以选择答案 C。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】随便练练【难度系数】3【试题来源】【题目】Liu Yang is the first Chinese woman astronaut_ has ever traveled in space.【选项】A. whom B. which C. who D. whose 【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。先行词 woman astronaut“女飞行员”，指人，故答案选 C项，在从句中作主语。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】课后两周练习【难度系数】2【试题来源】【题目】This is the school _ we visited last year.【选项】A. that B. where C. who D. whose【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的关系词的用法。当先行词是物时用 which，当先行词是人时用 who，that 既可以指人又可以指物。此句中先行词是 the school，指物用 that。句意：这就是去年我们参观的那所学校。故选 A。【知识点】定语从句（初）【适用场合】课后两周练习【难度系数】3
