1、Lesson 3,Regional Economic Integration,Commercial Terms,Economic integrationFree trade areaCustomers unionTariff ratesSettlementNorth american Trade Agreement(NAFTA),Common marketBanknotes circulationCartelAsia Pacific Economic Cooperation(APE C)Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC),Co
2、mmercial Terms,European CommissionCouncil of ministersDual-Ministerial Meeting,New Words and,fall under：beEloxnpg rtoepsasritoicnulsar group受到(影 响等);归入(.部.类等)fall under sth.:归入的项下Eg:这种材料分为三种The material falls under three categoriesdetour：a roundabout way 弯路，绕道Eg:他们绕道避开了市中心They made a detour to avoid
3、 the town center,witness:1)to be present at or have personalknowledge of.出席或知道Eg:他亲眼看见那个意外事故。He witnessed the accident.2)To provide or serve as evidence of.提供或作为的证据Eg:他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。His tears witnessed the shame he felt.,utilize:to put to use,especially to find a profitable or practical use for.利用，尤指为找
4、到一,种有益或实用的用途harmonize:to bring or come into agreement or harmony.使谐调或一致erode：v.tr.to wear(something)away by or as if by abrasion:腐蚀，侵蚀被磨擦损掉：,set a stage for:to prepare for or make,possible 为做准备，促成monumental：1)of,resembling,or serving as a monument.纪念碑的、象纪念碑的、用作 纪念碑的2)of outstanding significance:有重大意
5、义的：,on the strength of:On the basis of:,在基础上：依凭；因可能Eg:基于她的计算机能力，她被录用了She was hired on the strength of her computerSskigilnlsa.tory:adj.1)bound by signed agreement:签约的,受签署协议约束的：Eg:the signatory powers 签约的大国2)one that has signed a treaty or otherdocument.签约者已签署一个条约或其 它文件的人,full-fledged：having reached
6、full development;,mature.成熟的接近充分发展的；成熟的allocate:（常与to/for连用）to set apart for a special purpose;designate:分配，配给，分派为特定目的而拨出；指定：Eg:分配职务给某人 allocate duties to sb.tenet:n.an opinion,doctrine,or principle held as being true by a person or especially by anorganization.宗旨一个人尤指一个组织所坚信 的信念、理念或原则,secretariat：t
7、he department administered by a,governmental secretary,especially foran,部,门的书记管辖的一个处，尤指国际组织的,auxiliaryin:tgerivniantgioansaslisotargnacneiozartsiounp.p秘or书t;处he由lp政in府g.,辅助的给予帮助或支持的；帮助的,cartel:a combination of independent business,organizations formed to regulate production,pricing,and marketing of
8、goods by themembers.卡特尔为协调生产、价格和商品市场而组 成的独立的商业组织联合体,envisage:to conceive an image or a picture of,especially as a future possibility:想象构想一个形象或图画，特别是一种未来 的可能性：Eg:设想一个光明的未来envisage a bright futureSay n.The right or power to influence or make a decision:发言权：影响或做出决定的权利或权力：Citizens have a say in the coun
9、cils of government.All I want is some say in the matter.市民在政府议会中有发言权。我只想在这件事上有些决定权.empower:to invest with power,especially legalpower or official authority.授权，尤指法律权力或官方权力,major objectives（para.1),examples（para.8-16),four levels（para.2-7)EU（para.8-12),APEC（para.13-15)OPEC（para.16),free trade area,sam
10、ecustomsutrnaidoenpolicy,factors omfove pfrreoedlyuction,common marketharmonize taxation,gmoevnetrne-xpenditure,ipnodluicsytr;ysame currency,political union,economic union same foreign policynational defence,free trade area,members:remove barriers,outsiders:different policy,Non-member countries ente
11、r from member countries with the lowest barrier,Customs Union(Para 4),further,more integrative than FTAfeatures:Among members,no trade barriersTo outsiders,all members adopt the same policy.Non-members cant enter the market in a detour.examples:Mercosur,Common market(Para 5),Further up the scale of
12、REI,More integrative than customs unionFeatures:Among members:goods,service,adoption of common external trade policy and factors of production are free to move.Advantage:the overall benefit enjoyed by all the members as a whole is obvious.Disadvantage:individual members may not enjoy the advantage o
13、f factor mobility to the same degree.Examples:European Community,Economic union(Para 67),Highest form,the most integrativeFeatures:Among membersabsence of trade barriers,practice of common external policy and free production factor mobilityintegration of the domestic policies in respect of economy,f
14、inance etcHarmonize taxation,government expenditure,industry policiesUse the same currencyExamples:European UnionTrend:Economic integration+harmonization of foreign policy and national defence=political union,EU,by the Single European Act 1994The European Union,European Union(Para,812),History,ECSC(
15、1952)+EEC(1957)+EURATOM=EC(1967)On Jan 1st 1994,EU was established5 expansions in 1973,1981,1986,1995 and 20056(France,West Germany,Italy,Netherlands,Belgium,Luxemburg)+3+1+2+3+10=25,European Commission(executive body),Council of Ministers(most powerful institution),European Parliament(advisory body
16、),EU,five-layer organizational structure of APEC,Informal Meeting of Economic leadersDual-Ministerial MeetingMeeting for Ministers Responsible for TradeSenior Official Meeting(SOM)four subordinate committees under SOM,Commodity cartel(Para 16),Definition:Combination of countries to control the production,pricing and sale of particular goodsPurpose:To seek higher and more stable prices for the relevant goodsExample:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,
