1、Lesson 15,Good news,New words and expressions,secretary sekrtr nervous n:vs afford f:d weak wi:k interrupt ntrpt extra ekstr,n.秘书adj.焦虑的vt.提供;给予adj.虚弱的vt.&vi.打断 adj.额外的,-What does a secretary do?-A secretary types letters.secretary n.秘书，大臣，部长a private secretary 私人秘书 the Secretary of State(美)国务卿eg.Ba
2、n Ki-Moon,the secretary-general of United Nations,is delivering a speech.联合国秘书长潘基文正在发表演说。general denrl n.上将;常规,nervous n:vs adj.精神紧张的 adj.神经质的，神经紧张的eg.Do you see the nervous smile on her face?紧张的，担心的，情绪不安的eg.He had never spoken in public,so he was very nervous.nervous adj.精神紧张的(事情发生时)worried adj.担心的
3、(为以后的事情)upset adj.不安的(对以前的事情),afford f:d v.负担得起 vt.买得起(常与can/cant连用)afford sth.vt.担负得起(损失、后果等)，花得起(时间)(常与can/cant连用)afford money/time eg.I can afford the hoilday.(有时间去)I can only afford one week for the trip.vt.提供，给予 eg.Tom afforded us a room for the night.afford sb sth,weak wi:k adj.虚弱的，不结实的eg.Her
4、legs felt weak.她两腿发软 She was weak after her illness.她病后很虚弱 a weak building a weak smile weak sunlight,一座不牢固的建筑一个淡淡的微笑微弱的阳光,interrupt ntrpt v.中断，打岔，插嘴 stop sb.speaking,break in/cut in 汉译英：别打断我 Dont interrupt me.eg.Traffic in the city was interrupted by a snowstorm.市内交通被暴风雪所阻断。It is rude to interrupt.
5、打断别人的话是不礼貌的。,extra ekstr adj.额外的 extra time 加时赛 extra work 额外工作eg.I think they didnt want any extra help.我想他们不需要额外帮助。extra pay for extra work 额外工作的额外报酬,1.He did not look up from his desk when I entered.look up 表示原先在埋头干什么，之后抬头看eg.He looked up(from his book)when he heard a noise.look down 往地上看(look up
6、的反义词)look down upon/on sb.瞧不起某人,2.He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.collect salary slr 领薪水 pay salary 支付薪水 large一般指东西的数量大 so的后面加形容词或副词；such的后面加名词,容许在该名词前面加修饰词 Itssuchafineday.Itssofineaday.,3.I knew that my turn had come.turn n.轮流，(依次轮流时各自的)一次机会 It is my turn.轮到我了(
7、口语常用形式)4.Mr.Harmsworth,I said in a weak voice.in a voice 用的声音 in a loud(大声)voice in a low(低声)voice in a weak(强调心里不踏实)voice in a strong(理直气壮)voice,5.Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year!以下词都可表示“再,又”的意思,注意用法:an extra thousand(作名词看)数量+extra+名词 再有多少 eg.On Sundays,I
8、usually get some extra sleep.two others=two other+名词 two more eg.Give me two extra/other/more books.再给我两本书。once more:再一次 another three days 另外三天(只有another 的数词在后面),直接引语和间接引语,当我们要引用某人的话或想法时,可以将某人说的话一字不改的引用，这叫“直接引语”。为了简洁和紧凑,我们通常用“间接引语”,即对原话作适当的改变,把说话的内容和想法传达给第三者。在间接引语中，时态,语序,代词及其它词应该作相应的变化。,1.如果引语的引述动词
9、是现在时,将来时或现在完成时,我们一般要用说话者原话中所用的语态.,“Will I be in time?”she wants to know.=She wants to know if she will be in time.Ive already said,“I dont know want to go.”=Ive already told you that I dont want to go.句中wants 和said 是引述词.,2.如果引述动词是过去时,引语应该作相应的变化.,1）一般现在时改为一般过去时：“I never work on Sundays,”she said.=She
10、 said that she never worked on Sundays.2）现在进行时改为过去进行时：“It isnt raining,”she told me.=She told me that it wasnt raining.3）一般将来时改为过去将来时：“Ill tell you a very funny story,”she said.=She told me that she would tell me a very funny story.,4)现在完成时改为过去完成时：“I have just heard the news,”he said.=he said that he had just heard the news.5)一般过去时改为过去完成时：“I broke the window,”Tom said.=Tom said that he had broken the window.,直接引语改为间接引语时，人称代词和物主形容词应该作适当的变化。地点和时间状语也应作相应改变。,直接引语-间接引语now-then this-thatthese-those here-thereago-before my-his/her tomorrow-the following day-the next day,
