1、中考英语重难点专练十一 阅读理解之议论文含答案重难点11 阅读理解之议论文【命题趋势】中考阅读理解题主要考查学生的语篇阅读能力、分析和判断能力。要求学生能较快地通过阅读理解短文大意，获取其中的主要信息，能做出正确判断，然后根据试题的要求从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出最佳答案或做出正误判断。文章的难易程度和初三课文基本相同，要求阅读速度为每分钟40-50个词。【满分技巧】 1.主旨题 解题技巧为：找主题句。应先通读全文，理解大意，充分理解主题句的意义。主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。2. 细节题 解题技巧为：快速捕捉信息，尤其是一些事例、数字等，划出相关句子，进行对照。3. 推断题
2、解题技巧为：寻找线索，悟出字里行间的意思。4.猜测词义题 解题技巧为：通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义。【热点话题】 议论文热衷话题有：旅游、环保、故事、广告类等。【限时检测】（建议用时：30分钟）A【2019 浙江省宁波市】话题： 科普类难度：建议用时：6分 Many people might think that if they had more money, then they would he happier in life. For example, people might look at what others have, like expensive clothes or n
3、ice cars, and wish they could have the same. But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person for long._ But is that really true? Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. _ Instead, its giving money to others that makes people happy. _ It could be buying
4、a present for a friend or a family member. _ It could he buying a homeless person food to eat. It could he giving money to a person in need. Just think about the last time you used your own money to do something for someone else. How did you feel? Whether it is a small or large amount of money. Peop
5、le feel happier when they give. This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.This idea of connecting your happiness to the happiness of others is described as a ubuntu in an African language. There is even a story about a man visiting Africa who asked some kids to race to a n
6、earby tree. The first child to touch the tree would get a sweet treat. Surprising, all the children held hands and ran together. They all touched the tree at the same time. The man asked why they had done this. The children simply said they could only enjoy eating the treat if everyone had one.1. Th
7、e writer says that buying things _.A. can make people worried B. can make people nervousC. may lead to sadness for long D. may lead to happiness for a short time2. Where can we best put But its not having money that brings happiness. n Paragraph 2?A. B. C. D. 3. Why does the writer quote(引用) a story
8、 in Paragraph 3?A. To explain Africans like sweets. B. To show examples are not enough-C. To make the writers opinion clearer. D. To express happiness is from children.4. What does the writer try to tell us?A. Buying new things can make people happy.B. The key to happiness is making others happy.C.
9、If you want to be happy, you can visit Africa.D. People who have a lot of money might not be happy.【文章大意】很多人都觉得如果他们有更多的钱，他们就会更快乐。是的，钱的确能使我们更快乐，但不是有钱能让我们快乐，而是给予别人钱能让我们快乐。人们在奉献的时候会更快乐，这是因为让别人快乐，同时也会使自己快乐。1. D【解析】细节理解题。根据短文第一段最后一句话But the things that money can buy can not bring happiness to a person fo
10、r long可知，用钱买东西不能长时间给我们带来快乐。由此可知应选D。2. B【解析】推理判断题。题干中这句话But its not having money that brings happiness.意为：但是不是拥有钱带来快乐。根据上下文的逻辑关系可知，Studies have found that money can, in fact, make people happier. 提到：事实上，钱使人们更开心；后面又提到Instead, its giving money to others that makes people happy是给别人钱使人们开心。故这句话应放在处，能使上下文意
11、衔接，故选B。3. C【解析】推理判断题。这篇短文是议论文，讲述了真正让人们快乐的不是有钱，而是用钱来使别人快乐。第二段的最后提到 This is because making someone else happy makes the giver happy, too.让别人快乐也会让给予者快乐。为了使读者更好地理解这一点，作者讲了下面的故事。因此C选项使作者的观点更清楚是正确的。4. B【解析】主旨大意题。这是一篇议论文，作者先讲述了用钱买东西并不能长久地使人们快乐，然后引出作者的观点This is because making someone else happy makes the gi
12、ver happy, too.使别人快乐也会让给予者快乐。故B选项快乐的关键是使别人快乐，符合文章大意和主旨，故应选B。B【2019 江苏省苏州市】话题： 运动类难度：建议用时：6分Athletics vs. GardeningThe students of Southside School were asked to give their opinions about whether the school should run an athletic program or start a vegetable garden.An athletic program is hatch better
13、 than gardening. How are we ever going to win anything at the Inter-School Athletics without proper training? At the moment, we only do athletics for one tam and the teachers train us. We need experts（专家）to teach us things like throwing and high jump. I know lots of kids say theyre tot interested in
14、 competitions, but thats because theyve never won anything. If they got better training and started winning things, theyd soon change their minds.People always say kids dont get enough exercise. Just because you do gardening outdoors doesnt make it exercise, so I dont sec how it matters.Athletics is
15、 much better for fitness and lots of kids can have a go at the same tine. I dont think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden.In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea. I dont know why were even considering it.Liz, Grade 8I think a vegetable garden is a great idea. We already do ho
16、urs of sport, including athletics. And not everyone likes sport.Gardening is a great way to get exercise without worrying about whether youre any good at it, or whether youre going to win. And you really do gel exercise when you garden. Theres digging, weeding and watering Even picking things can be
17、 hard work pumpkins arent light you know!There are lots of kids around here who dont have gardens so they cant grow things even they want to. If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club.And think about it: What helps you to be good at sport? You need to eat lots of fruit and vegetables.
18、 If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then well be better at sport. Sam, Grade 81. Which of these points do Liz and Sam both make?A. Kids should take exercise. B. Kids should eat vegetables.C. Kids should try to win more. D. Kids should be outsi
19、de more.2. What is one reason Liz gives for saying a garden is a really bad idea?A. Some students dont like getting dirty.B. Some students dont enjoy being outside.C. Some students already know how to garden.D. Some students may have no chance to garden.3. Why does Sam say, And think about it.: what
20、 helps you to be good at sport?A. To change the subject. B. To introduce his next reason.C. To support Lizs idea. D. To find an answer to the question.【文章大意】本文以Liz和Sam为例，介绍了南城学校进行的应该开展体育项目还是开设菜园所展开的讨论，代表了两种对立的观点：Liz支持体育运动，Sam支持园艺；但是他们都认为应该让孩子们多锻炼身体。1. A【解析】题意：这些观点中哪一个是莉兹和山姆都提出的?考查细节理解。根据（Liz）Athleti
21、cs is much better for fitness和（Sam）Gardening is a great way to get exercise可知他们俩都认为应该锻炼身体，故选A。2. D【解析】题意：莉兹说a garden is a really bad idea的原因是什么?考查细节判断。根据I dont think there would be enough jobs for everyone in a garden. In fact, I think a garden is a really bad idea.可知花园里不会有足够的工作给每个人，Some students ma
22、y have no chance to garden.（有些学生可能没有机会种植花卉）符合句意，故选D。3. B【解析】题意：为什么萨姆说And think about it.: what helps you to be good at sport?考查细节判断。A.换个话题。B. 介绍他的下一个原因。C.支持利兹的想法。D.为了找到问题的答案。根据下文If we learn to cook all the things we grow, the garden will keep us all fit and healthy and then well be better at sport.可
23、知这是山姆支持园艺的另一个理由，故选B。C【2019 湖北省孝感市】话题： 健康类难度：建议用时：6分Last night, a school night, my 11-year-old sons baseball team played a game that lasted until 9:30. By the time we got home and he had a quick dinner and shower, it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going
24、to bed. We love baseball. My son is having fun, getting exercise, and learning patience, teamwork and sports spirit. But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.As parents, we want good things for our children. We want them to be healthy both in body and in mind. To this end, we look fo
25、r ways to help our kids grow and develop. We help them with their homework. We sign them up for dance, soccer and baseball. We encourage our kids to take honors courses（培优课程）or to have after-school jobs. And we praise them for hard-earned success and achievements.However, the irony is that all of th
26、ese activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away. Activities, responsibilities, and goals are good. But if we want our kids to realize their full physical, learning and social ability, s
27、leep is important. We have to start taking sleep seriously.Parents make bedtime routines and carry out（执行）strict rules about nighttime. But in fact, these measures（措施）arent enough because getting our kids, enough sleep isnt just about carrying out stricter bedtime. It actually requires more than tha
28、t. In order to ensure our kids get the sleep they need, bout parents and schools should make an effort.1. From the passage we know the writers son _.A. isnt good at sports B. wastes time every nightC. cant get enough sleep D. always hangs out with friends2. What does the underlined word irony mean i
29、n Chinese?A. 光荣 B. 骄傲 C. 讽刺 D. 公正3. What does the writer think of taking honors courses at last?A. Boring. B. Unnecessary. C. Interesting. D. Enjoyable.4. How can we make sure kids get enough sleep according to the write?A. By making the childrens lives colorful.B. By refusing all the after-school a
30、ctivities.C. By carrying out strict rules about bedtime.D. By making an effort from parents and schools.5. What would the writer probably talk about in the following paragraph?A. Advice on how to sleep well. B. Ways of changing kids education.C. The importance of sleeping well. D. Measures parents a
31、nd schools should take.【文章大意】短文关注的是学生睡眠不足的问题，指出鼓励孩子参加培优课程或参加课外活动会严重影响孩子的睡眠健康，呼吁父母和学校应该做出努力确保孩子们得到他们需要的睡眠。1. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们知道作者的儿子睡眠不足。考查细节理解。根据it was 10:30-an hour and a half later than a child who gets up at 6:30 should be going to bed.和But the truth is that the game also influences his sleep.可知作者的
32、儿子睡眠不足，He cant get enough sleep.符合句意，故选C。2. C【解析】题意：带下划线的单词irony在汉语中是什么意思?考查词义理解。根据下文all of these activities and responsibilities that we are giving our children to make their lives colorful could be badly influencing their health and taking happiness away.可知我们的善意可能会带来坏的结果，这是很讽刺的，故选C。3. B【解析】题意：最后，作者对参加培优课程有什么看法?考查观点态度题。A. 无聊的；B. 不必要的；C.有趣的；D. 愉快
