1、初三英语串讲,一 名词,(一)可数名词,一般情况下，直接加“s”map maps teacher teachers以字母s,x,ss,o,ch,sh结尾的单词，加“es”bus buses box boxes glass glasses watch watches brush brushes ch k stomach stomachs hero heroes tomato tomatoes potato potatoes mosquito-mosquitoes bamboo bamboos zoo zoos radio radios photo photos piano pianos kilo
2、 kilos video videos studio studios zero zeros(zeroes),3.以辅字母+y 结尾的名词，把“y”变为“i”再加“-es”city cities country countries 以元音字母+“y”结尾的名词，直接加 boy boys day days monkey monkeys 4.以“f”或“fe”结尾的单词，把“f”或者“fe”变成“v”再加“es”thief thieves knife knives leaf leaves half halves self selves roof roofs chief-chiefs,5.不规则变化
3、man men woman women foot feet tooth teeth mouse mice goose geese policeman policemen Englishwoman Englishwomen German-Germans human-humans gentleman gentlemen a man driver men drivers a woman doctor women doctors6.词尾变化 child children ox-oxen,7.单复数同形 fish deer sheep Chinese Japanese Portuguese Vietna
4、mese 只有复数形式的名词 clothes trousers glasses shorts pants(socks)compasses thanks scissors a pair of trousers a suit of clothes hair/fruit a few white hairs many juicy fruits,(二)不可数名词,单复数形式分别表示不同的意义 time times 次数，时代，倍 wood woods 森林 work works 工厂，著作 paper papers 卷子 green greens 蔬菜有些物质名字在表示不同类别的时候可用复数 tea t
5、eas 各种茶 fruit fruits 各种水果 fish fishes 各种鱼,3.有些抽象名词可以用复数形式来表示具体的事物 difficulty difficulties 困难4.姓氏 the Smiths=the Smith family5.量词 a kilo of a plate of a pair of a piece of a bag of a box of a basket of a bottle of a bowl of a box of oranges two baskets of apples,(三)名词所有格,+s my mothers watch Tonys mp4
6、 Teachers Day students booksLily and Lucys bedroom Lilys and Lucys desks Marys and Toms fathers Womens Day Childrens Palace双重所有格 a friend of mine a child of theirs无生命的用of,但表示时间，距离，集体，城市，国家等也可用s todays newspaper ten minutes walk特殊用法 the answer to the question the key to the box the way to school,代词,（
7、一）人称代词表（二）指示代词 this that these those such same such/quite/rather such:such was the story We have never seen such a tall building.same:Whether he can do it or not,it is all the same to me.He dived.I did the same.(宾语),（三）不定代词,some anysome 一般用于肯定句和征求对方意见的句型any 多用于疑问，否定或条件句Ask me if you have any questio
8、ns.I dont know any of the students.I dont know some of the students.(部分否定)这些学生中有些我不认识any 用于肯定句表示“任何”You can take any of them.,one onesboth neitherall nonemany muchtoo many+(c)n.too much+(u)n.much too+adj.sometime some time sometimes some timesadv.too either also,a lot of lots of many much some(any)s
9、everal a few a little few little,other the otherothers the othersone the other(s)one anothersome otherthan any other+n.each(各个)指两个或两个以上的人或物，强调各个every(每个)指三个或者三个以上的人或物，只能做定语.Every student in our class has a Chinese dictionary.Each of them has been there.eitheror 构成连词He is either Japanese or Chinese.n
10、eithernorNeither you nor he is a worker.,数词,1 100first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth,twentieth,hundredth one hundred and thirty-second hundreds of(thousands of/millions of/billions of)基数词可以和名词组成形容词，但名词要用单数a five-year-old boyan 800-meter-long bridge表示时间，序数词的前面一般情况下要加“the”,表示偏号Lesson One（1）=
11、the first lessonPicture Two（2）=the second pictureBus No.3=the No.3 bus Room 3021/3 one third 2/3 two-thirds2（2/3）two and two-thirds1/4 a quarter 3/4 three-quarters,Prep.,in/onin the wall in the treeon the wall on the treein front of in the front ofon a cold winter morningon his birthdayin 在将来时的用法 in
12、,on,to 的方位用法in hospital in the hospitalat table at the tableover through across,Conj.,and,but,so,orbothand and bothneithernor eitherornot onlybut alsoalthough though X butbecause X so,时间状语从句 when,while,as,after,before,since till,until,as soon as原因：because,as,since 条件状语从句 if,unless He will come if he
13、 is invited.He will not come unless he is invited.引导 的状语从句 so that 为了=in order that结果状语 so that so that such that It was very cold,so that the water in the bowl froze.He is such a good student that we all like him.引导让步状语从句 though although even if if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,Adj.&adv.,the old,the young,the r
14、ich,the poor顺序：冠词（包括物主代词，序数词，基数词)-描绘性形容词（brave,beautiful）表示形 状（大小，长短，高矮）的形容词表年 龄，同一类的，次序音节少的词在前 a tall,good-looking man a blank and white TV set放在不定代词之后Do you have anything new to tell us?I want to give my friends something nice to eat.,比较级,规则变化 er,ow,ure,le tall taller tallest small smaller smalles
15、t 开音节 brave braver bravest nice nicer nicest(tired,pleased,right,real,glad等加more,most)闭音节 big bigger biggest thin thinner thinnest 以辅音+“y”结尾 dry drier driest happy happier happiest heavy early easy hungry tidy dirty 5.双音节和多音节，加 more most,不规则 good better best well better best little less least bad wo
16、rse worst badly worse worst ill worse worst many more most much more most far farther farthest far further furthest old older oldest old elder eldest,比较级,Which is the larger country,Canada or America?He is taller than any other student in his class.any of the studentswarmer and warmerthe more,the be
17、tterThe more he eats,the fatter he will be.He is more and more interested in physics.加强比较的语气much,many,far,a lot,a little,even,still等。one of+最高级+名词复数Friday is my busiest day.,冠词,an hour a unit a used bike(mobile phone)an“l”a one-eyed catan honest boy交通工具不用冠词（by）,动词,情态动词，助动词，to be and to do can could
18、be able to may might may mustntmust have to must needntmay be 可能是 maybemust be 一定是can be 在我们的范围内多用否定式The boy cant be Mike.He has gone to Xian.,work worked worked workingstudy studied studied studyingstop stopped stopped regret regretted regretted4.prefer preferred preferred am wasto be are were been
19、 being is,shall+v.should+v.will+v.would+v.be going+v.用来表示已安排或计划，即将发生的动作，多与表示移动的动词 come,go,arrive,fly,start 等,现在完成时,already sincejust forever so farnever recentlyyetbefore have(has)been to inhave gone to,瞬间动词,go(leave)be away arrive be herecome be here finish be overbegin be on start be onbuy havebor
20、row keeplend keepdie be deadjoin be a member ofbecome be,被动语态p.p past participle,be+p.pbe+being p.phave(has)been+p.phad been+p.pshall+be+p.p will+be+p.p should+be+p.p would+be+p.p,动词不定式,To ask him for help is necessary.Its necessary to ask him for help.To help poor people is our duty.Its our duty to
21、 help poor people.Its not easy to master a foreign language.to be adj.(for sb.)to do sth.want to do I find it interesting to study English.We thought it better to start early.I have a lot of work to do.She was the first person to think of the idea.,动宾关系的,There is nothing(for us)to think about.The nu
22、rse has five children to look after.I use a pen to write with.This is a good place to live in.否定式He decided not to give up studying maths.My mother told me not to play in the street.,疑问词+动词不定式,I dont know what to do next.how to get there.which bus to take.There are a lot of things to be done.The boo
23、ks and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.let sb.do sth.had better do sth.help sb.(to)not do sth.make sb.do,感官动词,see look atwatchfindhear listen tofeel noticeWill you please do sth.not do sth.The teacher asked the students to read and write in class.,动词辨析:look,look at,see
24、listen,listen to,hear look for,find read,watch,find out bring,take,get,carry,lift,move,remove get to,arrive at(in),reach used to,be used to doing,be used to do,be used for.be made in,be made of,be made from,be made up of.hear from,get a letter from,receive a letter from.,花费的四种表达方法:to spendon sth.(in
25、)doing sth.time with sb.time away from sb.to pay for It takes sb.sometime to do sth.sth.cost sb.+价钱,固定搭配,want to do sth.decide to do sth.like to do sth.ask sb.to do sth.hate to do sth.tell sb.to do sth.hope to do sth.stop to do sth.begin to do sth.stop doing sth.mind doing sth.stop sb.(sth.)from doi
26、ng sth.finish doing sth.keep sb.doing sth.finish sth.keep sb.from doing sth.practice doing sth.give up doing sth.go on doing sth.help sb.with sth.enjoy doing sth.help sb.(to)do sth.enjoy sth.help oneself to enjoy oneselfbuy/give/show/bring/take/lend/send/pass,I dont think/believe prefer tobe good at
27、 be good for be bad forbe late for be ready for(to)be used for get ready forbe made of(in,from,up,of)be busy doing sth.be pleased withbe excited about be surprised atbe satisfied with be proud ofbe busy with sth.be worried aboutbe interested in be famous forbe afraid of/that/toto be adj.for sb.to do
28、 sth.to be time for/to/for sb.to do sth.,宾语从句 状语从句 定语从句宾语从句阐述客观真理时时态不变感叹句weather food news work advicethere be 句型反意疑问句Yes,No.never hardly few little miss话题 Making phone calls,写作,假如你叫李华，你的美国笔友Annie打算明年到北京来观看奥运会，她想了解北京的天气，人文交通等情况，请你给她发一封E-mail，全面向她介绍北京并欢迎她来，开头已给出：,Dear Annie:Im very glad to know you w
29、ant to come to Beijing for Olympic Games in 2008.Now let me tell you something about my hometown to you.You know Beijing is the Capital of China and it is one of the most beautiful cities in the world.There are a lot of tall buildings,wide and clean streets and many places of interests in Beijing.Th
30、e traffic here is very convenient.The weather in Beijing is better in August.It is neither too hot nor too cold because it is autumn when the meeting begins.The people in Beijing are very friendly.They are all helpful and warm-hearted.And now most of them can speak English.They are busy getting read
31、y for the meeting.When you come,I can show you around the famous city.Welcome to Beijing!Im waiting for you.Yours Li Hua,写作 你的笔友在学习英语时，他在记忆方面遇到了困难。希望你能给他一些帮助或建议。你给他写一封回信。,Dear Bill,Dont worry.There are a number of ways to help improve your memory,so you shouldnt feel upset.My first advice is that if
32、 you want to remember something well,you have to review it regularly.You might want to go over the material two days after you learned it,then a week later,two weeks later,and then a month later.After a month you will find that you can easily remember the material.,My second advice is to use a color
33、ed pen to highlight the important parts on you book.This will help you in two ways.First,it will help you concentrate on the most important parts when you learn the know-ledge.Second,when you open your book,the colored parts will show you the most important things immediately.In this way,you dont have to go over all the material again.,Another piece of advice is to go over all the information in y
