1、TPO34阅读详细答案docxIslamic Art and the Book第一段分析 概述书籍已经成为伊斯兰艺术的代表纸和字体的发展出书人地位的提高书的种类变多第二段分析介绍造纸技术传入伊斯兰世界的过程以及纸张的优势第三段分析介绍纸张进步所带来的影响书籍变得便宜艺术创作的空间变大第四段分析 圆形字体的发展过程文章结构分析解析：非真实信息题。答案C原文信息为 The mosque of Marrakech in Morocco is known as the Kutubiyya, or Booksellers, Mosque, after the adjace nt market.而不是 T
2、hey were sold primarily near mosques.迷惑选项A 对应原文彳言息、为 Books became major vehicles for artistic expression,B 对应原文信息为 but after that date a wide range of books were produced for a broad spectrum of patrons.D 对应原文信息为 Most were made for sale on the open market, and cities boasted special souks (markets)
3、where books were bought and sold第2题解析：词汇题。答案Dsponsored意为资助，赞助”故选D: supported迷惑选项A visited意为“参观，拜访”B owned意为“拥有”C praised意为“称赞，赞扬”第3题解析：词汇题。答案Badjacent意为“附近的，临近的”故选B: nearby 迷惑选项A major意为“主要的，重要的”C ancient意为远古的，古代的”D well-known意为“众所周知的”第4题解析：真实信息题。答案D原文信息为 This came about from two major developments:
4、 paper became comm on replacing parchme nt as the major medium for writing迷惑选项A 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为 but after that date a wide range of books were produced for a broad spectrum of patrons 即在 A.D. 900 才有更广 范的话题B 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为 Before A.D. 900, manuscripts of the Koran seem to have been the most common type of
5、 book produced and decorated 即在 A.D 900 之前有 book produced and decoratedC 与原文相矛盾，原文信息为 rounded scripts were regularized and perfected so that they replaced the angular scripts of the previous period 即 A.D 900 之前是使用 angular scripts第5题解析：修辞目的题。答案C该信息为例子起支持论证的作用,服务的对象为Most were made for sale on the open
6、 market, and cities boasted special souks (markets) where books were bought and sold 即为说明 book markets 的作用 迷惑选项A,D原文无提及该信息B 原文提及该信息 Some of the most luxurious books were specific commissions made at the order of a particular prince and signed by the calligrapher and decorator但与被提问的信息无关系第6题解析：词汇题。答案A
7、extracted from意为“从当中提取，从当中抽取”故选A： taken out of 迷惑选项B produced using意为“使用生产”C discovered in意为“在发现”D combined with意为“与混合”解析：句子简化题。答案B原句分为两层，因果关系。第一层：纸张很快传到了埃及但是在取代羊皮 卷的古兰经之前过了 5个世界。第二层：原因是宗教艺术和参与者的保守 的木质。迷惑选项A句内信息的杂糅，原文信息是经过儿个世纪取代羊皮卷的古兰经而不 是 It was several centuries before papermaking techniques sprea
8、d to farawayC修改原文的语意范围，原文信息是纸张用于记录古兰经，而不是it was not widely used by artists for centuriesD包含原文未提及的信息，原文无提及probably at the request of conservative practitioners解析：非真实信息题。答案C原文无提及该信息。迷惑选项A 对应原文彳言息、为 Writing in ink on paper, unlike parchment, could not easily be erased, and therefore paper had the advan
9、tage that it was difficult to alter what was written on itB 对应原文信息为 Paper is thinner than parchment, so more pages could be enclosed within a single volumeD 对应原文信息为 Although paper was never as cheap as it has become today, it was far less expensive than parchment, and therefore more people could aff
10、ord to buy books.解析：修辞目的题。答案c该信息起解释说明的作用，服务的对象为These large sheets meant that calligraphers and artists had more space on which to work. Paintings became more complicated, giving the artist greater opportunities to depict space or emotion迷惑选项 A,D原文无提及该信息B 原文提及该信息，但是与 Although paper was never as cheap
11、 as it has become today但与被提问信息无关第10题解析：真实信息题。答案B与原文信息 This in turn allowed the easy transfer of artistic ideas and motifs over great distances from one medium to another, and in a different scale in ways that had been difficult, if not impossible, in the previous period 相符迷惑选项A,C,D原文均无提及该信息第11题解析：真实
12、信息题。答案B与原文信息 Around the year 900, lbn Muqla, who was a secretary and vizier at the Abbasid court in Baghdad, developed a system of proportioned writing. He standardized the length of alif, the first letter of the Arabic alphabet, and then determined what the size and shape of all other letters shoul
13、d be, based on the alif相符迷惑选项A 偷换概念，原文信息为 developed a system of proportioned writing 而 不是选项描述的 He modified a set of formal scriptsC,D原文无提及该信息第12题解析：词汇题。答案Acomposed of意为由组成，由构成”故选A: made up of 迷惑选项B developed from意为“从发展起来”C in addition意为“此外”D similar to意为“与相似”解析：句子插入题。答案C被插入句子前接This change的具体内容。后接for
14、 good reasons.的具体 内容第14题Islamic books from AD 900 to 1500 reflect major changes from the past and important innovations 1 3 5Answer Choices:1.Books became major vehicle of artistic expression for calligraphers and painters, and the subjects of books expanded to include more and more kinds of works解析
15、：书籍变为艺术表达的工具以及包含更多话题的图书。2.The growing luxuriousness of books meant that the market for them was increasingly dominated by the wealthy and powerful patrons who could afford them. 解析： 原文无提及 the market for them was increasingly dominated by the wealthy and powerful patrons3A什er it was learned from Chin
16、ese prisoners, the technique of papermaking spread throughout Islamic Ian ds, where paper gradually replaced parchment.解析：纸张技术的快速扩展以及纸张最终取代羊皮卷4.The high status enjoyed by calligraphers and artists made books extremely popular in the cities where books were bought and sold解析：细节性质选项5.The popularity of
17、 books led to major advances in the development and transfer of new artistic ideas解析：书籍的流行带来的影响6.Around the year 900, a set of rounded styles of Arabic handwriting began replacing angular scripts in copying the manuscripts of the Koran.解析：细节性质选项The Development of Steam Power第一段分析概述英国的能源短缺的情况：木材的短缺第二
18、段分析概述英国用煤取代短缺的木材第三段分析介绍为了克服煤炭短缺的问题而带来了蒸汽机的出现 第四段分析瓦特改良了蒸汽机的设计第五段分析介绍瓦特蒸汽机在许多领域的应用第六段分析诸多技术的进步带来了英国制铁工业的发展文章结构分析能源短缺的情煤取代况：木短缺的材的短木材缺蒸汽机技术的 逬步带在许多来了英领域的国制铁应用工业的发展解析：推理判断题。答案B因果类 infer,原文信息为 Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced b
19、y fields of grain and hay即因为人口增长，森林被农出给替代。迷惑选项A,C,D原文均无提及该信息解析：真实信息题。答案B,D与原文信息 Vast forests enabled Russia to become the worlds leading producer of iron, much of which was exported to Britain.以及 But Russias potential for growth was limited too, and in a few decades Russia would reach the barrier of
20、 in adequate energy that was already holding England back 相符 迷惑选项A 偷换概念，原文信息为 by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating.即英 国的钢铁业已经停滞，而俄罗斯则进入become the world5s leading producer of ironC原文无提及该信息第3题解析：词汇题。答案Babundant意为“丰富的，大量的”故选B: plentiful迷惑选项A reliable意为“可信的，可靠的”C well-preserved意为保存很好的，完好保存”D
21、 existing意为“存在的，现存的”第4题解析：修辞目的题。答案D该信息为例子，起支持论证的作用。服务的对彖为Coal was first used in Britain in the late Middle Ages as a source of heat迷惑选项A,B,C原文均无提及第5题解析：非真实信息题。答案A原文无提及该信息。迷惑选项B,C,D 对应原文信息为 Both engines were extremely inefficient. Both burned coal to produce steam, which was then used to operate a pu
22、mp 相符解析：词汇题。答案Bgifted意为“有天赋的”故选B: talented 迷惑选项A independent意为“独立的”C famous意为“著名的”D ambitious意为“有雄心壮志的”第7题解析：真实信息题。答案C与原文信息 After a series of observations, Watt saw that the New comens waste of energy could be reduced by adding a separate condenser.相符 迷惑选项A 信息杂糅，原文无提及 apply his un dersta nding of ph
23、ysics to in vent a variety of scientific instrumentsC原文无提及该信息D 与原文想矛盾，原文信息为 waste of energy could be reduced by adding a separate con denser 而不是 it no longer n eeded a separate condenser.解析：词汇题。答案Csplendid意为“辉煌的；灿烂的”故选C: magnificent 迷惑选项A original意为“原始的，最初的”B necessary意为“必须的，必要的”D popular意为流行的，受欢迎的”
24、第9题解析：非真实信息题。答案c原文无提及该信息迷惑选项A,B 对应原文信息为 The use of powerful, steam-driven bellows in blast furnaces helped iron makers switch over rapidly from limited charcoal to unlimited coke (which is made from coal) in the smelting of pig ironD 对应原文信息为 Cort also developed heavy-duty, steam-powered rolling mill
25、s, which were capable of producing finished iron in every shape and form.第10题解析：修辞目的题。答案C该信息起支持论证的作用，服务的对象为The economic consequence of these technical inn ovations in steam power was a great boom in the British iron industry.迷惑选项A,B,D原文均无提及该信息第们题解析：词汇题。答案Bindispensable意为“重要的，不可分割的”故选B: essential迷惑选项
26、A advantageous意为“有优势的”C less costly意为“代价较小的，价格低廉的”D highly stimulating意为“极强刺激的”第12题解析：真实信息题。答案c根据全文，原文提及增加煤的产量发明了第一台蒸汽机，然后继续改良带来的蒸 汽的发展。迷惑选项A 原文无提及 when steam-powered machinery was being tried in farming activitiesB 原文无提及 Russia and Britai n developed steam-power tech no logy simulta neouslyD 原文无提及
27、Adaptations to steam engines required for their use in co社on-spinning mills led to radical developments第13题解析：句子插入题。答案A被插入句子前文接Energy在英国的情况，后接vast forests在英国的情况。第14题By the eighteenth century, Britain was experiencing a severe shortage of en ergy 346Answer Choices:1.The development of blast furnaces
28、for the manufacture of pig iron made the Britain less dependent on wood解析：原文无提及该信息2.After the medieval period, both Russia and Britain began to look for alternative sources of energy, such as steam power, in order to maintain the growth of their iron industries解析：原文无提及 both Russia and Britai n began
29、 to look for alter native sources of energy3.Two inventors designed the first steam engines in order to overcome the disadvantages of relying on horses to power the pumps used in mining coal.解析：第一代蒸汽机的发明4.James Watt was able to improve upon the efficiency of the steam engine and make it useful to se
30、veral industries解析：瓦特对蒸汽机的改良5.The puddli ng fur nace in creased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries from cotton to iron production解析：细节性质选项 The puddling furnace increased the availability of charcoal to a variety of industries6.Steam power in creased coal production, which in tur
31、 n allowed extraordinary growth of the iron industry and the British economy.解析：蒸汽机带来的煤产量的增长及其影响Protection of Plants by Insects第一段分析介绍植物extrafloral nectaries的特点以及作用:吸引昆虫来保护植物第二段分析具体介绍蚂蚁和植物之间的保护和提供能量的关系第三段分析进一步证明蚂蚁和植物之间的关系：蚂蚁保护植物第四段分析给出具体事例:ants attracted to extrafloral nectariesprotectmorning glories against attacking insects各种昆
