1、届高考英语七选五题型解题指导集锦 2018届高考英语新课标卷七选五题型解题指导Step 1 七选五解题考查要求及新变化：考纲解读：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。选项特点： 主旨概括句 过渡性句子 细节注释性句子 关注变化：最主要就是体现在七选五选择的体裁上，以前的真题以议论文说明文居多，或者说逻辑关系更容易把握，2017年全国I卷真题是记叙文中对文章机构和逻辑关系等的断定。其他细节变化：2015年全国I卷有文章标题和项目符合（黑点或者星号等符号提醒），2016年全国I卷五标题无项目符合。说明减少一些能够提醒学生的因素，实际上是增加了考查的力度和要求。当然20
2、17年真题II卷无条目；III卷有项目符号说明考查的要求是不一样的。Step 2 策略方法与避免的误区文章整体内容-主旨概括句解题策略： 分析选项关键词是否与原文、段落主旨吻合 避免的误区：主旨概括句排除项特点：过于宽泛、以偏概全、或偏离主题。例如下面的文章： _?_题目1_ If youre reading this youre probably really bored and, at the moment, have no one to be with. Whether you long for a boyfriend or a girlfriend, or miss your fami
3、ly and friends, this guide can help you cope with living alone. 1. _?_题目2_ Live a life of optimism. Happiness comes from within, regardless of your situation, so dont use any excuses, such as being alone.2. Do everything you normally did with a partner or a friend. .3. Learning something new. 4. Get
4、 a pet. 5. Read. 6. Exercise. 从下面选择最合适的选项填写到题目1 和题目2横线中A. Being Alone Without Being Lonely B. Happiness is the only choice.C. Tired of Being Alone D. Be happy. 过渡性句子可以位于段首或段尾。实现过渡往往有三种途径：一是对核心词汇的重复；二是使用指示代词如this, that, these, those, such, another等；三是使用过渡词汇如next, in addition to, however等。过渡句起到承上启下的作用
5、，主要用来显示上下文的逻辑关系，使行文流畅，前后衔接自然；过渡性句子常用的逻辑关系：A.并列关系： First(ly)，Second(ly)，.；First, then/ next，.；In the first place, in the second place.；for one thing, for another thing，.；then /next, finally/last 等。B.递进关系： too, also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, whats more, in addition, as well, to make ma
6、tters worse, not.but., not only.but also等。C.解释例证关系： for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words /that is to say等。D.因果关系： so /therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such.that.，so that.等。E.转折对比关系： but, however, yet, while /though, or /otherwise, on
7、 the contrary, instead, nevertheless(然而), still, yet, on the contrary, in contrast/comparison 等。F.概括归纳关系： in short, in brief, in summary, generally speaking, in general, to conclude, in conclusion, in a word, on the whole, to sum up 等。避免的误区：过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文逻辑。A code uses symbols to replace words,phras
8、es,or sentences.To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words. For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 题目3 However
9、,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.B. In any language,some letters are used more than others.C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.D.As long as there have been codes,peo
10、ple have tried to break them.E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. (2015全国卷)You didnt lose “everything”. Once trust is lost, what is left? Instead of looking at
11、the situation from this hopeless angle, look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life. _题目4_ Instead, its a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in s
12、omeone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ETheyve been too badly hurt and they cant bear to let it happen again.FThis knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.GSeeing the positive side of things doesnt mean youre
13、ignoring what happened. 注释性句子往往是通过自身的逻辑意义链接一个完整的段落，较主题句来讲，注释性句子更具体，往往是事实，分析，举例和引用等的一部分。 避免的误区：注释性句子与上下文意义不衔接。 以(2016全国)为例说明一下注释性句子： There are three main types of cryptography.2（原题中E.选项）You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. For example,the first letters of “My
14、elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”3（原题中G选项） Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26. If we
15、substitute a number for each letter,the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 5 20 13 5.” A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences. 简单分析：cryptography 密码学，密码术。三种类型的密码学。请找出文章中三种类型的密码学的原文_高考真题中出现过的注释性句子举例：2016（全国卷I）There are three main types of cryptography,_题目5_ For example, the first le
16、tters of my elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message “Meet me”.E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word and spell it out.答案解析：依据接下来举例可知，这里讲的是选取每个单词的首字母这一方法来隐藏信息，E选项符合语境。因此答案是E。2016（全国卷III）There are many Common methods used to cook fish . _题目6_.B. The easiest
17、 is to steam it.答案解析：根据空前内容可知，介绍一种做鱼的方法，B选项是“最简单的方法是蒸”，符合语境。因此答案是B。2016年北京卷No matter where you are on the risk- seeking range , scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years ._题目7_.E .This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger wo
18、rld.答案解析：空前一句出现了teenager years 与E选项中的this 相对，另外选项中提到的move away from your family into the bigger world也是对空格前一句teenager years 的解释，所以选择E项。Step 4 事半功倍的小方法举例： （1） 复现法（原词、同源词、同义词、近义词、反义词 ，代词等复现）词汇的指代(it ,they, this , these, the all 等) Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experience. 题目8 Trus
19、t is a risk. But you cant be successful when there is a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.A Learn to really trust yourselfB It is putting confidence in someone. Try taking these four steps the next time you are
20、stressed:(1) Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to trusted adult, such as parent or other relatives. _题目9_ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet.选择选项D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is go
21、ne. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And dont forget about your friends. （2）形式一致结构相似的小技巧 对祈使句句型的把握来增加选择的准确性首先看高考真题：Tips for Cooking on a Tight ScheduleFrom my experience, there are three main reasons for why people dont cook more often: ability, money and time. 36 Money is a topic I
22、ll save for another day. So today I want to give some some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:1. Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready t
23、o eat. So think ahead of the coming week. When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 372. Make your time worth it.When you do first time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on. Are you making one loaf of bread? 38 It takes around the same a
24、mount of time to make more of something. So save yourself the effort for a future meal.3. 39This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation. It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and sche
25、dule. The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives a good start. 40 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!A. Try new things.B. Ability is easily
26、improved.C. Make three or four instead.D. Understand your food better.E. Cooking is a burden for many people.F. Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G. A little time planing ahead can save a lot of work later on.其中 39题是可以参考形式一致做题的类似范例：For college students, graduation signals a
27、n exciting new beginning. 16 Many students wonder: What do I do now? What career is best for me? Most expert advice on choosing careers boils down to the following points.Knowing YourselfWhat are your interests? Abilities? Skills? 17 The results may surprise you! These can be useful, but theyre not
28、the last word.InvestigatingInvestigating occupations is much more difficult. For most people, there isnt just one right job, but several that could be satisfying. 18 Talk to people who have occupations that interest you. Find out what they like and dislike about their job.19Many people choose their
29、careers because they believe strongly in a particular cause. Some might choose to work in areas like medicine, charity or environmental protection. Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts. 20_ So in cases like these, the field is often chosen first, rather than the occupation i
30、tself. So if youve chosen a field, self-assessment will help you find your place in it. Invest some time and effort, and find the right career for you.A. Try a self-assessment quiz.B. Search through books and Web sites.C. Finding your place.D. But it can also bring a lot of uncertainty and confusion
31、.E. Serious research helps narrow the possibilitiesF. Research your chosen field carefully. What work needs to be done? What training is needed?G. Then they might think about education, museums or art production.19题形式上类似。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts? 16 . But it doesnt happen
