1、最新上海市崇明区届高三英语一模崇明区2019届第一次期末质量检测试卷英语I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection AElectric Bike Ban in New York Hurts Food Delivery Workers A ban on electric bicycles in New York City is hurting delivery workers who depend on them to earn a living. Many of the workers are immigrants.E
2、lectric bicycles, or “e-bikes,” look like regular bicycles, but they have electric-powered motors to assist riders in moving the bike forward. Most e-bikes reach speeds of about 32 kilometers an hour, but some can go much (21)_ (fast).(22)_ it is legal to own e-bikes in New York City, it is not lega
3、l to operate them. Officials there consider the dangerous use of e-bikes on streets and sidewalks as reason (23)_ the ban. Last year, the city announced severe measures (24)_ (mean) to hold e-bike riders and restaurants that employ the riders responsible.E-bike operators can now be fined $500 for br
4、eaking the ban. The police (25)_ also seize the bikes.Many of New Yorks delivery workers are Chinese immigrants in their 50s and 60s. Their job requires them to work quickly and for long hours (26)_ (earn) enough money to live on.Delivery worker Deqing Lian said it is important to perform quality wo
5、rk (27)_ their job also depends on tips. He added that when delivery workers are too slow, some people refuse to pay for the food. This makes the workers supervisors angry.Liqiang Liu is an e-bike delivery worker and spokesperson for the New York Delivery Workers Union. He says (28)_ (catch) breakin
6、g the ban and having the bike seized would cause costly delays for workers.Do Lee is with the Biking Public Project, (29)_ provides assistance to bicycle-related workers in New York City. He says the citys ban on e-bikes is unfairly targeting low-paid workers who largely come from the citys Latino a
7、nd Asian communities. He does not accept the argument (30)_ e-bikes present a danger to citizens. However, many New Yorkers are quick to blame e-bike riders for not being safe.Section BA. overate B. precious C. rate D. researchers E. impression F. previousG. presented H. interpret I. goers J. reveal
8、ed K. consumerPeople Think Meals Taste Better If They Are Expensive It is said that theres no such thing as a free lunch, but even if you manage to bag a bargain meal, it will not taste as good as a more expensive meal, according to scientists.A new study has found that restaurant _31_ who pay more
9、for their meals think the food is tastier than if it is offered for a smaller price. The experts think that people tend to associate cost with quality and this changes their _32_ of how food tastes.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Itali
10、an buffet(自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the _33_ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were asked to _34_ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment _35_ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoye
11、d their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they _36_. However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according
12、to the study _37_ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of _38_ behavior at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you _39_ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their
13、 food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.In a(n) _40_ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories(卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.I
14、II. Reading ComprehensionSection AHow Climate Change Affects Airline Flights Hot weather has forced dozens of commercial flights to be canceled at airports in the Southwest this summer. This flight-disturbing _41_ is a warning sign. Climate change is projected to have far-reaching _42_ -including se
15、a level rise flooding cities and shifting weather patterns causing long-term declines in agricultural production. And there is evidence that it is beginning to affect the takeoff performance of commercial aircraft, with potential effects on airline _43_. National and global transportation systems an
16、d the economic activity they support have been designed for the climate in which it all developed. In the aviation(航空) industry, airports and aircraft are designed for the weather conditions experienced _44_. Because the climate is changing, even fundamental elements like airports and key economic p
17、arts like air transportation may need to be _45_. As scientists focused on the impacts of climate change and extreme weather on human society and natural ecosystems around the world, our research has quantified how extreme heat associated with our warming climate may affect _46_ around the world. We
18、ve found that major airports from New York to Dubai to Bangkok will see more frequent takeoff weight _47_ in the coming decades due to increasingly common hot temperatures, which can help reduce the aircrafts weight so as to lower its required takeoff speed. There is obvious evidence that extreme ev
19、ents such as heat waves and coastal flooding are happening with greater frequency and intensity than just a few decades ago. And if we _48_ to reduce greenhouse gas emissions significantly in the next few decades, the frequency and intensity of these extremes is projected to increase dramatically. T
20、he _49_ on aviation may be widespread. Many airports are built near sea level, putting them at risk of more frequent _50_ as oceans rise. The frequency and intensity of violent air movement may increase in some regions due to strengthening high-altitude(高海拔的) wind. Stronger winds would force airline
21、s and pilots to change flight lengths and routines, potentially increasing fuel _51_. Many departments of the economy, including the aviation industry, have yet to seriously _52_ the effects of climate change. The sooner, the better: Both airport construction and aircraft design take decades, and ha
22、ve _53_ effects. Todays newest planes may well be flying in 40 or 50 years, and their _54_ are being designed now. The earlier climate impacts are understood and appreciated, the more effective and less costly adaptation can be. Those adaptations may even include innovative ways to dramatically redu
23、ce climate-altering emissions across the aviation industry, which would help reduce the problem while also _55_ it.41. A. scheme B. heat C. shift D. mess42. A. contributions B. confusions C. feedbacks D. consequences43. A. pilots B. reservations C. costs D. accidents44. A. historically B. enormously
24、 C. fundamentally D. domestically45. A. retested B. implemented C. prospected D. reengineered46. A. travels B. developments C. flights D. communications47. A. disorders B. gains C. bans D. restrictions48. A. happen B. fail C. aim D. promise49. A. taxes B. effects C. viewpoints D. comments50. A. floo
25、ding B. rotting C. repairing D. transferring51. A. standard B. efficiency C. distribution D. consumption52. A. consider B. avoid C. maximize D. demonstrate53. A. greater B. different C. lasting D. direct54. A. airports B. products C. contracts D. replacements55. A. sneezing at B. responding to C. re
26、sulting in D. recovering fromSection BDirections : Read the following three passage . Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage
27、you have just read.( A ) Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine(疫苗), and everyone qual
28、ified should get it without question. The reality , however, is that less than half Americans get the flu vaccines. And the flu vaccines we have are only 60% effective in the best years and 10% effective in the worst years. We urgently need a much more effective flu vaccine. In the U.S alone, season
29、al flu can cause up to 36 million infections, three-quarters of a million hospitalizations and 56,000 deaths. We are not investing the resources needed to protect ourselves, our loved ones and our communities. Why not? We havent been hit by a truly destructive widespread disease in a long time. So a
30、s individuals, we let down our guard as our leaders quietly defund and distaff the services we need to protect us. The risk of continued foot dragging is huge. In a severe widespread disease, the U.S health care system could be defeated in just weeks. Millions of people would be infected by the viru
31、s, and would die in the weeks and months following the initial outbreak. The cost of preventing epidemics(流行病) is roughly a tenth of what it costs to cope with them when they hit. In 2012, a call was issued for an annual billion-dollar U.S. commitment to the development of a universal flu vaccine. S
32、ix years later, the search for a universal vaccine remained seriously underfunded. The simple reason lies in our collective satisfaction. As soon as headlines about the flu are going hospitals are emptied of flu patients, and school and workplace absence rates declines, we go back to business as usual. Leading scientists and public health offici
