1、江苏专用版高考英语新增分大一轮复习语法专题全辑专题一动词的时态和语态讲义牛津译林版专题一动词的时态和语态动词时态的核心考点1.一般现在时考点分析(1)表示客观事实或普遍真理(不受时态限制)。Time and tide wait for no man.(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。They always care for each other and help each other.(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时：see，hear，smell，taste，feel，notic
2、e，agree，believe，like，hate，want，think，belong to，seem等。Smith owns a car and a house.All the students here belong to No.1 Middle School.(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party，my family will be pleased.(5)少数用于表示起止或转移的
3、动词如come，go，leave，arrive，fly，return，start，begin，open，close，end，stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排肯定会出现的状态时，只用一般现在时。The shop closes at 11：00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.2.一般过去时考点分析(1)一般过去时的基本用法：表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示)；用于表达过去的习惯；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。We m
4、et her in the street yesterday.When he was young，he took cold baths regularly.(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语，尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生，但从句中的谓语动词仍用过去时。He told me he read an interesting novel last night. (3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作，常由以下词语连接，用一般过去时。如：but，and，when，as soon as，immediately，the moment，the minute等。The moment she came in，she t
5、old me what had happened to her.He bought a watch but lost it.(4)常用一般过去时的句型。Why didnt you think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.3.一般将来时考点分析(1)表示未来的动作或状态，常用will/shall动词，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next week等。(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。Well
6、 die without air or water.(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come，go，start，begin，leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。(4)be going to，will/shall，be to do，be about to do的用法及区别：be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时作出的决定。be going to 表将来，不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will do则能，表意愿。If it is fine，well go fishing.If
7、 it is fine，we are going to go fishing.be to do表按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.be about to do表示“即将，正要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.4.现在进行时考点分析(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时正在进行的动作；表近期特定的安排或计划；go，come等表示移动的动词可用进行时代替将来时；与a
8、lways，often等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩。She is teaching English and learning Chinese.He is working on a paper.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.The girl is always talking loud in public.(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。表示心理状态、情感的动词：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need
9、等。表存在状态的动词：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。表示行为结果的动词：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，complete等。表示感官的动词：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。5.过去完成时考点分析(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况。在by，by the end，by the time，until，before，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。By the end of last year，we had produced 20,000 ca
10、rs.The train had left before we reached the station. 表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/wanted/expected等或用上述动词的过去式接不定式的完成式，即：hoped/planned.to have done。“时间名词before”在句中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词ago”在句中作状语，谓语动词用一般过去时。He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.Xia
11、o Hua left school 3 years ago.在hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner. than.句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一就”。当hardly，scarcely，no sooner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可用一般过去时代替过去完成时。After he (had) left the room
12、，the boss came in.We arrived home before it snowed.6.过去将来时考点分析过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句中，主句常是一般过去时。He always said that he would study hard at that time.7.过去进行时考点分析过去进行时表示在过去某个时刻或某个时间段内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.8.现在完成时考点分析(1)现在完成时除可以和for，sin
13、ce引导的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：during/in/over the last(past) few years(months，weeks.)，in recent years，so far，up to now等。(2)下列句型中常用现在完成时It is(has been)一段时间since从句This(That/It) is the first(second.) time that现在完成时This(That/It) is the best/finest/most interesting.that现在完成时(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替将来完成时。I shal
14、l post the letter as soon as I have written it.If you have done the experiment，you will realize the theory better.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.9.注意几组时态的区别(1)一般过去时与现在完成时：时间上有差异：凡有过去时间的均用一般过去时，不能用现在完成时，如含有ago，last year，just now，the other day等。结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去
15、时强调的是动作发生在“过去”，和现在毫无关系。(2)过去完成时与一般过去时：过去完成时强调的是“过去的过去”；如出现同一主语连续几个动作(“连谓”)形式则只用一般过去时即可。题组训练1用所给动词的正确时态填空1.Planning so far ahead makes(make) no senseso many things will have changed by next year.2.Experiments of this kind had been conducted(conduct) in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second
16、World War.3.Bob has gone to California.Oh，can you tell me when he left(leave)?4.Did you predict that many students would sign(sign) up for the dance competition?5.I hear you are working(work) in a pub. Whats it like?Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind.6.I didnt ask for the na
17、me list. Why has it landed(land) on my desk?I put it there just now in case you needed it.7.The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving(give) in his place but，luckily，everything was going on smoothly.8.That must have been a long trip.Yeah，it took(take) us a whole week
18、 to get there.动词被动语态的核心考点动词的被动语态的构成方式：be过去分词，口语中也用“get/become过去分词”表示。被动语态的基本用法：不知道或没必要提到动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态；强调或突出动作的承受者常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.An interesting book was given to me (by my friend) on my birthday.I was given a
19、n interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday.(2)主动变为被动时，宾语成主语；(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long (by the boss).(3)短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。The children were taken good care of (by her).Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.(4
20、)情态动词，be going to，be to，be sure to，have to等结构变为被动语态时，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be过去分词。(5)当句子的谓语为say，believe，expect，think，know，write，consider，report等时，被动语态有两种形式：谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主补。用it作形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。类似句型有：It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that.题组训练2用所给动词的正确语态填空1.In the near future，more adv
21、ances in the robot technology will be made(make) by scientists.2.In the last few years thousands of films have been produced(produce) all over the world.3.All visitors to this village are treated(treat) with kindness.4.The computer might be repaired(repair) by tomorrow.5.They cant move into the hous
22、e because it is being painted(paint) now.2.不能用被动语态的几种情况。(1)所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态之中。(2)表示状态的谓语动词，如：last，hold，contain，fit，cost等。(3)表示归属的动词，如have，own，belong to等。(4)表示“希望、意图”的动词，如：wish，want，hope，like，love，hate等。(5)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。(6)宾语是同源宾语、不定式、动名词等谓语动词不用被动语态。3.主动形式表被动意义。(1)当feel，look，
23、smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；当cut，read，sell，wear，write等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时；当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。The fish smells good.This kind of cloth washes easily.These novels wont sell well.My pen writes smoothly.The door wont lock.(2)当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词表示“发生、关闭、制定”等意思时。The
24、 plan worked out successfully.The lamps on the wall turn off.(3)want，require，need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动含义。(4)be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。(5)在“be形容词to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。This kind of water isnt fit to drink.The girl isnt easy to get along with.注意：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent(出租)也用主动形式表被动。4.被动形式表示主动意义的几
25、种情况。be seated坐着；be hidden躲藏；be lost迷路；be drunk喝醉；be dressed穿着5.被动语态与系表结构的区别。此处的系表结构指“连系动词用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要注意它们的区别：被动语态强调动作；系表结构表示主语的特点或状态。The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态)The book is well sold.(系表结构)题组训练31.He broke the window，so he was to blame(该受责备).2.The new car belongs to
26、(属于) his brother.3.There is something wrong with his computer and it needs repairing/needs to be repaired(需要修理).4.The new novel written by Mo Yan is worth reading(值得一读).5.This kind of cake tastes good(尝起来美味) and sells well(销路好).1.I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan i
27、n the past two years.(2018江苏，30)A.had been carried outB.would be carried outC.is being carried outD.has been carried out答案A解析句意为：上个月我被派到那个村子里去看了看在过去的两年里这个发展计划实施得怎么样了。根据in the past two years可知应用完成时，先排除B、C两项；再根据carry out发生在was sent之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时的被动语态，故选A。2.Hopefully in 2025 we will no longer be e
28、-mailing each other，for we more convenient electronic communication tools by then.(2018江苏，31)A.have developed B.had developedC.will have developed D.developed答案C解析句意为：在2025年我们有望不用再互相发电子邮件了，因为到那时我们将已经研制出更便捷的电子交流工具了。根据句中的in 2025以及by then可知，后面应用将来完成时，故选C项。3.Hi，Im Peter.Are you new here？I havent seen yo
29、u around.Hello，Peter.Im Bob.I just on Monday.(2018北京，1)A.start B.have startedC.started D.had started答案C解析句意为：你好，我是彼得。你是这儿新来的吗？我没有见过你。你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始(started)(上班)的。根据句意和时间状语on Monday可知，应该用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。4.Susan had quit her well-paid job and as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her las
30、t year.(2018北京，4)A.is working B.was workingC.has worked D.had worked答案B解析when引导的时间状语从句用的是一般过去时，由此可将A、C两项排除(它们是现在时态)。本题应该选B项，表示去年“我”去看望她时她正在进行的动作。句意为：去年我去看望苏珊的时候，她已经辞去了高薪工作，正在社区做志愿工作。5.My washing machine this week，so I have to wash my clothes by hand.(2018天津，13)A.was repaired B.is repaired C.is being
31、 repaired D.has been repaired答案C解析句意为：我的洗衣机本周正在被修理，因此我只好用手洗我的衣服。根据后面的“我只好用手洗衣服”可知洗衣机正在被修理，需用现在进行时的被动语态。6.He hurried home，never once looking back to see if he .(2017江苏，27)A.was being followed B.was followingC.had been followed D.followed答案A解析句意为：他匆忙回家了，一次也不曾回头看看有没有人在跟踪他。这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。综合可知选A项。7.Hes been informed that he for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江苏，31)
